植被层对被动微波遥感土壤水分反演影响的研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

张钟军  孙国清  朱启疆 《遥感学报》2004,8(3):207-213

在很多对土壤水分被动微波遥感的研究中 ,为简单起见 ,覆盖的植被层使用了一种简单的模型来表征其散射和衰减特性。本文中使用了一种基于辐射传输理论的离散模型来研究植被的发射率、传输率。这种方法可以更加真实地刻划组成植被的散射个体如叶、茎、树枝、树干等对这两个参数的影响 ,因而能更准确地描述植被对下垫面的影响。为了减少土壤水分反演算法中未知量的数目 ,该文给出了这两个参数的模拟结果分别在AMSR E三种不同频率下的简单关系。  相似文献   

宽带太阳漫射辐射法反演辐射加权平均的气溶胶一次散射反照率研究     

邱金桓 《大气科学》2006,30(5):767-777

引入了一个辐射加权平均的宽带气溶胶一次散射反照率(SSA)的定义,提出了一个从宽带的漫射信息反演该SSA的方法.数值模拟结果表明,在Junge气溶胶谱分布情形下,对气溶胶光学厚度、(A)ngstr(o)m 指数与气溶胶虚部的通常变化范围,应用该SSA所计算的2160组宽带太阳辐射反射率、漫射透过率、总透过率和吸收率的相对标准误差都在1.107%以内; 绝对标准差在0.00287以内.对非Junge的大陆性和都市工业污染气溶胶模式(由水溶性、沙尘和碳粒子组成),在72组反射率、漫射透过率、总透过率和吸收率计算中,相对标准差都在2.047%以内,绝对标准差在0.0075以内.在Junge气溶胶假设下,作者提出了一个综合应用宽带太阳直射和漫射信息同时反演气溶胶光学厚度与辐射加权平均SSA的方法,并通过模拟反演分析了SSA反演的3个主要误差因子.从反演结果可以看出:(1)如果(A)ngstr(o)m指数误差在±0.2以内,对0.55 μm气溶胶光学厚度大于0.312大陆性气溶胶,SSA误差在±0.0418以内;(2)波长无关的宽带地表反照率适用于SSA反演;(3)气溶胶光学厚度越大,辐射资料误差所引起的SSA解误差越小.当辐射误差在±2%以内以及0.55 μm气溶胶光学厚度大于0.312时,SSA解的误差在±0.0149以内; 辐射误差在±4%以内时,SSA解的误差在±0.0317以内.  相似文献   

NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS ON THE INFLUENCES OF GENERAL CIRCULATION ANOMALY OVER THE TIBETAN PLATEAU AND SURFACE ALBEDO CHANGE IN NORTHWEST CHINA ON SUMMER PRECIPITATION     

Sun Guowu  Yu Yaxun  Wang Baoling  Feng Jianying 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1998,12(3):311-320

An advanced three-level global atmospheric general circulation model has been used to studythe summer precipitation anomaly in Northwest China.based on the synoptic fact and thestatistical analysis of the precipitation,the surface albedo in Northwest China,and the synopticsystems over the Tibetan(Qinghai-Xizang)Plateau.The results show that either the anticycloneintensified over the plateau or the surface alhedo enhanced in Northwest China results in summerprecipitation reduction east of Northwest China.Especially.when both of them appearsimultaneously,summer precipitation was obviously reduced and severe drought occurred in mostareas of Northwest China.Moreover.the simulated difference of precipitation rate of NorthwestChina is similar to the actural precipitation distribution in Northwest China in 1995,which is themost severe drought year in Northwest China in the past fifty years.So the tendency in droughtseverity intensified,drought frequency accelerated,drought persistence period extended,anddrought areas expanded in Northwest China in recent years is maybe a result of the influences ofhuman activities(e.g.vegetation was reduced,and desertification worsened)on droughtcirculation pattens over the Tibetan Plateau.  相似文献   

CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIATION IN SURFACE ALBEDO AND SNOW FORCING OVER THE TIBETAN PLATEAU^*     

Zhong Qiang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1998,12(2):177-189

The combination of field experiments and satellite observations is the fundamental way to understand the characteristics of spatial-temporal variation in surface albedo over the Tibetan(Qinghai-Xizang) Plateau. Under the condition without snow cover, the relatively regular annual variation cycle of the surface albedo can be expressed by an empirical formula. The effect of snow cover on the surface albedo in winter can be expressed by introducing two variables of snow forcing and sensitivity parameter. The existing satellite retrieved results of surface albedo may provide the digital grid data for describing the geographical distribution. However, some satellite retrieved surface albedos available over the Tibetan Plateau are obviously too low in winter. Taking the satellite derived results in summer as the background field representative of geographical distribution and combining the empirical formula of annual cycle based on the surface observations,a dynamic model of surface albedo is developed for the need of modeling the climatic influence of the underlying surface forcing of the Tibetan Plateau.  相似文献   

Simulation of East Asian Summer Monsoon by Using an Improved AGCM   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9  

Lin Zhaohui  Zeng Qingcun 《大气科学进展》1997,14(4):513-526

The IAP 2-L AGCM is modified by introducing a set of climatological surface albedo data into the model for substituting the model’s original surface albedo parameterization. The comparison between the observations and the simulation results by the modified model shows that the general features of the East Asian summer monsoon can be well reproduced by the modified IAP 2-L AGCM. Especially for the simulation of monsoon precipitation, the modi-fied model can well reproduce not only the monthly mean features of the summer monsoon rainfall over East Asia, but also the stepwise advance and retreat of the East Asian summer monsoon rainbelt. Analysis results demonstrate that the good simulation of the monsoon rainfall is closely related to the reasonable simulation of the large scale gen-eral circulation over East Asian region, such as the western Pacific subtropical high, Asian monsoon low and the low level flows. The good performance of the modified model in the rainfall simulation shows its great potential to serve as a useful tool for the prediction of summer drought / flood events over East Asia.  相似文献   

冬季青藏高原地面辐射平衡   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

沈志宝  刘卫民 《高原气象》1988,(1)

本文根据实测资料建立了冬季青藏高原上地面辐射平衡与日照百分率、地面反射率之间的经验公式,并用此公式试验了纬度、时间、地面反射率和日照百分率对地面辐射平衡的影响。试验结果表明:冬季高原地面辐射能收支的盈亏状况是由地理纬度和地面反射率决定的。天空遮蔽状况(本文用日照百分率表示)仅影响其盈亏值的大小。亦即地面辐射平衡的地理分布形式由地理纬度和地面反射率所决定,但正、负中心的数值还受天空遮蔽状况的影响。冬季青藏高原地面辐射平衡场是一个由地理因子(地理纬度和自然地理带)作用下形成的基本场叠加上一个地面积雪区形成的扰动场。长江和黄河源区的巴颜喀拉山和藏北草原是冬季高原地面加热场最可能出现异常的关键区。  相似文献   

新几何光学核驱动BRDF模型反演地表反照率的算法   总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13  

杨华  李小文  高峰 《遥感学报》2002,6(4):246-251

MODIS的反照率和二向反射产品由基于核驱动模型的AMBRALS程序提供。目前 AMBRALS算法系统中所用的描述几何光学散射的核为LiSparseR核。新提出的一个几何光学核－LiTransit核兼有LiSparse核向LiDense核过渡的优点，比LiSparseR核更符合几何光学模型的基本原理。验证结果表明：与LiSparseR核比较，RossThick-LiTransit的核组合更能反映直入扇出反照率随太阳天顶角变化的趋势。因此在下一代的AMBRALS算法系统中，将用新的LiTransit核取代LiSparseR核。目前AMBRALS算法系统为了快速处理每天大量的数据，用多项式拟合核的半球积分。因此，为了替换LiSparseR核时，同时又不影响整个算法的系统性，本文研究了LiTransit核的多项式拟合。结果表明：拟合的多项式与核半球积分的相关性很好。  相似文献   

典型干旱区荒漠戈壁陆面参数的观测研究   总被引：29，自引：0，他引：29  

Zhang Qiang  Cao Xiaoyan  Wei Guoan  Huang Ronghui 《大气科学进展》2002,19(1):121-135

根据目前流行的陆面过程模式的需要，利用２０００年５－６月敦煌陆面过程野外观测实验加强期的观测资料，分析了西北典型干旱区荒漠戈壁的一些关键陆面过程和土壤参数的特征和规律。并且利用相对反射为权重加权平均，计算得到典型干旱区敦煌荒漠戈壁的平均反射率为０.２５５±０.０２１；剔除建筑物干扰后，利用对数平均法计算的粗糙度长度平均值为０，００１９±０。０００７１ ｍ；剔除绿洲影响后，用无降水影响的资料确定出土壤湿度影响因子为０．００４５；剔除降水影响后，用观测资料计算的敦煌典型干旱区荒漠戈壁的热容量平均值为１．１２×１０~６ｍ~（－３）Ｋ~（－１），比“黑河试验”在戈壁和在其它沙漠观测的有关值略小一些，但热扩散率和热传导率都比“黑河试验”在戈壁观测的值小一倍左右；观测的敦煌戈壁典型天气条件下的土壤含水量非常小，基本上不超过１％。  相似文献   

中国西北大气沙尘的辐射强迫   总被引：8，自引：10，他引：8  

成天涛  沈志宝 《高原气象》2002,21(5):473-478

利用CCM3的辐射模式CRM研究大气沙尘的辐射强迫特性。大气沙尘减小地面净辐射冷却地面同时增暖沙尘层大气，最大加热率出现在沙尘层的上部和贴近地面处。地表反照率对地面冷却和大气加热的大小有影响，地面净辐射的减幅和大气加热率在高地表反照率的沙漠大于低地表反照率的绿洲。大气沙尘对地一气系统的辐射强迫同样受地表反照率的影响，存在着一个“临界地表反照率”，其值在0．25～0．3之间。当地表反照率高于“临界地表反照率”(如沙漠)，大气沙尘减小行星反照率增暖地一气系统，反之(如在绿洲)，大气沙尘增大行星反照率冷却地一气系统。  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal Pattern of Surface Albedo in Beijing and Its Driving Factors based on Geographical Detectors     

LIU Qinqin  TIAN Yichen  YIN Kai  ZHANG Feifei  YUAN Chao  YANG Guang 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2021,12(5):609-619

Surface albedo directly affects the radiation balance and surface heat budget, and is a crucial variable in local and global climate research. In this study, the spatial and temporal distribution of the surface albedo is analysed for Beijing in 2015, and the corresponding individual and interactive driving forces of different explanatory factors are quantitatively assessed based on geographical detectors. The results show that surface albedo is high in the southeast and low in the northwest of Beijing, with the greatest change occurring in winter and the smallest change occurring in spring. The minimum and maximum annual surface albedo values occurred in autumn and winter, respectively, and showed significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity. LULC, NDVI, elevation, slope, temperature, and precipitation each had a significant influence on the spatial pattern of albedo, yielding explanatory power values of 0.537, 0.625, 0.512, 0.531, 0.515 and 0.190, respectively. Some explanatory factors have significant differences in influencing the spatial distribution of albedo, and there is significant interaction between them which shows the bivariate enhancement result. Among them, the interaction between LULC and NDVI was the strongest, with a q-statistic of 0.710, while the interaction between temperature and precipitation was the weakest, with a q-statistic of 0.531. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for understanding the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of surface albedo in Beijing and the physical processes of energy modules in regional climate and land surface models.  相似文献