东南极普里兹湾陆架区大型底栖动物群落结构     

刘坤  林和山  何雪宝  黄雅琴  李众  林俊辉  牟剑锋  张舒怡  王建军  孙军 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(2):38-48

To explore the spatial pattern of macrobenthic communities and their response to environmental factors in the Prydz Bay,samples were collected using a 0.25-m2 box corer at 10 stations from November 2012 to April 2013.A total of 50 species of macrobenthos belonging to 8 phyla and 33 families were identified,of which polychaetes(e.g.,Maldane sarsi)and sponges(e.g.,Halichondria sp.and Leucosolenia sp.)were the most prominent groups.The macrobenthos in study area were categorized into five functional groups based on the feeding type,and the detritivorous group represented by polychaetes showed the highest average abundance,while the planktophagous group represented by sponges showed the highest average biomass.Macrobenthos abundance(0–592 ind./m2)and biomass(0–1155.5 g/m2)in the Prydz Bay were relatively lower than those of other Antarctic shelf soft-bottom waters,although the compositions of the dominant species and functional feeding groups were similar.The results of the Spearman rank correlation analysis indicated that the average biomass of the macrobenthos and the biomass of the planktophagous group in the study area were negatively correlated with the water depth,sediment grain size and silt percentage.However,these variables were clearly not strong determinants of macrobenthos assemblage structure.Many factors not measured in the study,e.g.,sediment organic matter and iceberg interference,have probably influenced the spatial distribution of macrobenthic community structure in the Prydz Bay.  相似文献   

Lipstick and catch shares in the Western Pacific: Beyond evangelism in fisheries policy?     

《Marine Policy》2014

The push for catch shares is on in the United States, nationwide generally, and in the western Pacific specifically. The prevailing understanding of catch shares emphasizes individual private property rights and changes in fisher behavior are understood to result from changes in rights in accordance with a long-established canon in fisheries economics. It is argued that this orthodoxy misses the causal factor in catch shares and thus constricts the range of policy options for catch shares. Moreover, this standard understanding of catch shares fosters opposition. Opposition to catch shares in the western Pacific can be understood as a specific variant of a generic pattern of opposition that is often centered on concerns for distributional impacts. Blind to the fact that their own misunderstanding fuels opposition, proponents of privatization resort to explaining opposition in terms of a simple, but inaccurate, for-or-against-catch-shares dichotomy. Perpetuation of this dichotomy has become a tool in the promotion of one particular ideological conception of catch shares and is a disservice to the public policy process. A possible path forward in the context of the western Pacific is presented that is based on diminishing the role of outside policy experts while encouraging local design of programs to meet local goals. Such an approach is consistent with the nature of development as local people adopt and adapt outside influences on their own terms.  相似文献   

The 2010 tsunami in Chile: Devastation and survival of coastal small-scale fishing communities     

Andrés Marín  Stefan Gelcich  Gonzalo Araya  Gonzalo Olea  Miguel Espíndola  Juan C. Castilla 《Marine Policy》2010

In 2010, a tsunami generated by a magnitude 8.8 earthquake struck the central-south zone of Chile. This short communication reports the direct impacts on the small-scale artisanal fishing capacity and coastal livelihoods along approximately 600 km of the coastline. Despite the magnitude of the catastrophe, the absence of official warnings, and the failure of telecommunication networks only 8 fisher victims were reported out of a total death toll of more than 170. Results show that this trend is explained by socio-cultural assets and a natural hazard subculture. This highlights the need to integrate contextual and behavioural approaches in disaster management and rehabilitation policies.  相似文献   

新型城镇化背景下中国流动人口研究:议题与展望   总被引：3，自引：10，他引：3  

朱竑  张博  马凌 《地理科学》2019,39(1):1-11

研究通过4个议题（户籍与人口流动,循环流动、定居意愿及家庭策略,社会网络和移民社区,迁移、流动性和移民的日常生活）,回顾了近年来乡城人口迁移的研究。指出：户籍政策对移民在城市中的生计带来的影响将减弱,移民的住房及在城市的居住模式和居住空间、社会交往、生活方式、移民身份建构及生活空间的重构等将会成为新的关注点。新文化地理学中关于移民“微观化”“生活化”的研究应受到更多的重视。换言之,如何理解移民在个体层面的诉求和移民的日常生活,将会是未来流动性研究的重点。如何立足于国内移民地理研究的基础与发展机遇,批判性地与西方移民研究搭建对话空间和平台,结合当前中国崛起过程中所呈现的前所未有的全球化与城镇化契机,为世界移民研究积累和贡献“中国知识”,将成为未来这一领域学者研究的方向。  相似文献   

不同植被LAI的MODIS反演及其在青藏高原东部的应用     

张杰  张强  李栋梁  王文 《高原气象》2008,27(4)

应用Terra和Aqua卫星的MODIS资料和三维叶分布模式,结合MODIS陆地植被覆盖产品数据,估算了6种生物群落的LAI,并与我国西北地区叶面积仪观测结果进行了对比和分析。结果表明,从两颗卫星连续8天的观测资料可以估算出LAI,反演结果的相对误差基本在±20%以内,平均相对误差为13.7%,说明该方法可以反演实际植被的LAI;根据植被类型的差异,建立了6种生物群落LAI与NDVI的指数关系,相关性较好;青藏高原东部的LAI时间变化有不一致性的特征,反映了不同生物群落的生物学特性的差异;不同季节的LAI变化在空间上有很大差异,说明本研究区域西部冷、干和高原东部相对暖、湿的复杂气候特征。  相似文献   

平阴县孝直镇关于大村制新型农村社区建设的探索和实践     

张崇顺  翟庆强  毕秋生 《山东地质》2010,(6):40-43

平阴县孝直镇属偏远的农业大镇,为解决村庄规模偏小、布局分散和＂空心村＂等问题,充分利用国家城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策,以土地综合整治为平台,积极推进大村制建设,合村并点建设新型社区,从根本上改变农村面貌,加速城镇化和城乡一体化进程。  相似文献   

Salinity dependence of parasite infestation in the European eel Anguilla anguilla in northern Germany     

Jakob  Eva; Hanel  Reinhold; Klimpel  Sven; Zumholz  Karsten 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2009,66(2):358-366

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Gender,Work, and Household Survival in South Indian Fishing Communities: A Preliminary Analysis     

Holly M. Hapke 《The Professional geographer》2001,53(3):313-331

This article examines the interplay of gender, caste‐religion, and household survival strategy formation among Christian and Muslim fisher folk in the south Indian state of Kerala. The methodology consisted of surveys of forty‐one households in two villages in which data pertaining to male and female work patterns and other household level data were collected in the summer of 1999. My analysis demonstrates how particular ideologies of gender and work associated with different caste‐religion communities influence the strategies individual households adopt. I discuss intersections between gender and caste‐religion with other socioeconomic factors and illustrate the manner in which gender then gets reworked in particular ways in the course of economic transformation.  相似文献   

“A world in a grain of sand”: towards a reconceptualisation of geographical scale     

Richard Howitt 《The Australian geographer》1993,24(1):33-44

Difficulties in relating local scale change to broader dynamics of social and economic restructuring continue to be reflected in much geographical research. This paper argues that inadequate conceptualisations of geographical scale restrict the relevance of much research to the agenda of an applied peoples' geography. A framework which conceptualises geographical scale as dialectically and internally related to the totality of social relations, is proposed and discussed with examples from remote mining regions in Australia.  相似文献   

天然气水合物分解及其生态环境效应研究进展   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8  

于晓果  李家彪 《地球科学进展》2004,19(6):947-954

了解大陆／大洋边缘地区天然气水合物形成与分解及其在海底沉积物、水体及海底化学自氧生物群落中的一系列物理、化学及生物作用有助于我们在全球和区域尺度上探讨天然气水合物分解对气候变化的影响;天然气水合物在碳循环中的作用和大陆边缘流体活动与物质交换机制等问题。从水合物分解与全球变暖、贫／缺氧甲烷氧化作用、自生矿物沉淀、化学自养生物群落等方面综述了水合物的环境生态效应研究进展。天然气水合物的形成／分解及 其对海洋乃至全球环境生态变化的影响,深刻地反映了地球上岩石圈、水圈、大气圈和生物圈之间相互联系与相互作用,生物,特别是微生物对全球CH 4的平衡和自生矿物沉淀至关重要。  相似文献