低温微生物的适冷特性研究进展及其应用前景   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

李田  刘光琇  安黎哲 《冰川冻土》2006,28(3):450-455

低温微生物是指在低温条件下具有生长能力的微生物,广泛分布于地球寒冷生境,如南北两极、高山、冰川、深海、土壤.低温微生物由于长期生活在寒冷环境中,在自然选择的作用下形成了一套与低温环境相适应的机制,并且在生态系统占有重要的地位和作用.对低温微生物进行研究不但可以进一步认识和理解微生物在低温环境、生命起源进化、生物适冷机制中的意义和作用,而且还可利用其特殊基因及产物服务于人类.简述了低温微生物的适冷特性研究进展及其在环境保护、食品、纺织、医药等多个领域中的开发应用前景.  相似文献   

Trophic transfer of methylmercury and trace elements by tropical estuarine seston and plankton     

H.A. Kehrig  E.F.A. Palermo  T.G. Seixas  C.W.C. Branco  I. Moreira  O. Malm 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

Methylmercury (MeHg) and trace elements (TE), mercury, selenium, cadmium, lead and copper, were determined in a microbial loop composed by three size classes of autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganism samples, 1.2–70 μm (seston, SPM), 70–290 μm (microplankton) and ≥290 μm (mesoplankton) from five sampling stations within a polluted eutrophic estuary in the Brazilian Southeast coast and one external point under the influence of the bay. TE concentrations were within the range reported for marine microorganisms from uncontaminated locations. Microplankton was primarily composed of proto-zooplankton and diatoms (>90%) while approximately 50% of mesoplankton was composed mainly of copepods. MeHg and TE in samples did not differ among the five sampling stations within the bay. Cd, Pb and Cu in seston were higher in the stations sampled inside Guanabara Bay (0.67 μg Cd g⁻¹, 9.26 μg Pb g⁻¹, 8.03 μg Cu g⁻¹) than in the external one (0.17 μg Cd g⁻¹, 3.98 μg Pb g⁻¹ and 2.09 μg Cu g⁻¹). Hg, MeHg and Se did not differ among the five points within the more eutrophic waters of the estuary and the external sampling station. The trophic transfer of MeHg and Se was observed between trophic levels from prey (seston and microplankton) to predator (mesoplankton). The successive amplification of the ratios of MeHg to Hg with increasing trophic levels from seston (43%), to microplankton (59%) and mesoplankton (77%) indicate that biomagnification may be occurring along the microbial food web. Selenium, that is efficiently accumulated by organisms through trophic transference, was biomagnified along the microbial food web, while Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu did not present the same behavior. Concentrations differed between the three size classes, indicating that MeHg and TE accumulation were size-dependent. MeHg and TE concentrations were not related to the taxonomic groups' composition of the planktonic microorganisms. Results suggest the importance of the role of the trophic level and microorganism size in regulating element transfers. Eutrophication dilution may provide a process-oriented explanation for lower MeHg and TE accumulation by the three size classes of microorganisms collected at the five sampling stations within the bay.  相似文献   

微生物还原铁氧化物矿物的电化学研究     

丁竑瑞  李艳  鲁安怀  王鑫  曾翠平  颜云花  王长秋 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2011,30(3):299-303,310

微生物可以还原铁氧化物矿物。本文通过使用电化学方法对铁氧化物矿物在微生物还原作用下的氧化还原特性进行模拟与表征,补充了从新角度对微生物还原铁氧化物矿物的研究。研究结果显示,微生物可直接以铁氧化物矿物作为电子受体将其还原得到二价铁生成物。电化学实验显示,0.2 mA阴极恒电流条件下铁氧化物矿物可以接受电子,同时铁氧化物矿物中的Fe3+在0.89±0.01 V(相对于饱和甘汞电极)时发生还原反应,表明铁氧化物矿物满足被微生物还原的电化学条件。双室微生物-铁氧化物矿物体系研究证实,铁氧化物矿物可以作为阴极接受微生物提供的电子。  相似文献   

海洋微塑料污染与塑料降解微生物研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

邵宗泽  董纯明  郭文斌  骆祝华 《应用海洋学学报》2019,38(4):490-501

塑料垃圾在近海、大洋水体和沉积物中均广泛存在,并不断累积,对海洋生态系统构成了重大威胁,引起了国际社会的高度关注。本研究从环境生态和塑料降解微生物两个角度回顾了近几年相关方向上的研究进展,包括国内外海洋塑料特别是海洋微塑料在近海与深海等环境中的分布与丰度,以及近海、大洋等环境中降解菌多样性及其降解机制。总体而言,微塑料广泛分布在多种海洋环境,特别是在河口和近海的海水和沉积物,近岸沙滩,以及大洋环流中心;目前已报道的塑料降解菌及其降解酶主要来自陆地土壤和塑料垃圾处理环境,并以聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(Polyethylene Terephthalate,PET)降解菌和降解酶的研究最为深入。当前,中国科学家已在近海、大洋深海(深渊)以及极地等大洋环境中,开展了微塑料分布特征和丰度调查,并在生态危害方面开展了研究,但在海洋塑料降解微生物方面还鲜有报道。塑料在海洋环境中的最终归宿以及微生物在塑料降解过程中的作用亟待评估,建议在大洋深海科考中整体布局、联合开展这两个方面的相关研究。  相似文献   

抚仙湖垂向分层期间水体细菌群落结构组成及多样性的空间分布     

周天旭  罗文磊  笪俊  吴琼  余春艳  李化炳 《湖泊科学》2022,34(5):1642-1655

水体垂向分层是深水湖泊一个重要的特征,这不仅影响水体理化环境因子,而且影响水生生物组成的垂向分布,但是对不同水层水体细菌的多样性和群落结构组成的形成与维持机制知之甚少. 本研究以抚仙湖为研究对象,在水体热力分层期间采集不同位点、不同水层水样,借助16S rDNA Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术,探究水体细菌多样性和群落结构组成的空间分布特征及关键影响因子. 研究结果表明：(1)抚仙湖北部湖心在水深15~40 m处出现温跃层,温度由23℃降至15℃,其余理化环境因子也存在明显的垂向分层现象;与垂向差异相比,表层水体各理化因子在水平方向上的差异相对较小. (2)在水平方向上,南部湖心表层水体细菌alpha多样性(Operational Taxonomic Unit数目和Faith''s phylogenetic diversity)最高;在垂向上,水体细菌alpha多样性随着采样水深的增加呈现单峰分布,在30和40 m水层最高;水体细菌alpha和beta多样性的垂向差异均显著大于水平方向差异. (3)表层水体细菌主要由Actinomycetales、unidentified Cyanobacteria、Burkholderiales和Sphingobacteriales组成;温跃层中以Pseudomonadales为主;均温层的优势菌群为unidentified Chloroflexi、Actinomycetales和Burkholderiales. 典范对应分析表明溶解性有机碳、溶解氧、硝态氮、氨氮和总磷浓度是影响细菌群落组成的主要环境因子.  相似文献   

次生林不同演替时间土壤微生物群落结构的变化     

郑荧枫  李雪  万晓华  邹秉章  王思荣  黄志群 《亚热带资源与环境学报》2021,16(1):23-28,34

本研究在亚热带地区选取了5个演替阶段(4~5年、8~12年、18~22年、25~30年和35~40年)的次生林为研究对象,采用磷酸脂肪酸的方法研究不同林龄次生林土壤微生物群落结构特征,分析土壤微生物群落结构与土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明:土壤总微生物生物量、真菌生物量、细菌生物量、革兰氏阳性菌生物量和革兰氏阴性菌生物量均在8~12年林分最高。而革兰氏阳性细菌与革兰氏阴性细菌比和真菌细菌比均在4~5年林分最高。主成分分析表明,4~5年林分和25~30年林分次生林土壤微生物群落结构存在显著性差异,其他林龄林分土壤微生物群落结构差异不明显。冗余分析结果表明,土壤碳磷比、pH、铵态氮、土壤容重以及全碳是影响微生物群落的主要环境因子。本研究结果表明,次生林林龄可能通过改变土壤理化性质影响土壤微生物群落结构。  相似文献   

河口及近岸海域底边界层生物地球化学过程研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

于志刚  姚鹏  甄毓  姚庆祯  米铁柱  陈洪涛 《海洋学报》2011,33(5):1-8

河口及近岸海域底边界层的生物地球化学过程在很大程度上影响着陆源物质的迁移转化及向海洋的输送通量,是陆海相互作用研究、海洋碳的"源、汇"研究以及氮、磷循环研究的关键。本文对河口及近岸海域底边界层生物地球化学过程研究进展进行了综述,重点介绍了底边界层中移动泥的特点和功能及微生物在其生物地球化学过程中的作用,并对今后的研究进行了展望。  相似文献   

Sorption of phenanthrene on the complexes of kaolinite and different organic component     

Mengchang HE Yan SUN 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):264-264

Sorption of hydrophobic organic chemicals by various components influences their behavior and fate in environment. In the natural environment, mineral components, organic matter and microorganism didn＇t exist alone. They combined or reacted one another and formed the mineral-humic, mineral-microorganic and mineral- humic- microorganic complexes. A clear understanding of the sorption of organic chemicals by the complexes of mineral and humic acid and/or microorganism will help to determine their sorptive mechanisms in environment. In this paper, the sorption patterns of phenanthrene on the complexes of kaolinite and different organic component （humic acid and microorganism） have been carried on. The results show that the combination of HA and kaolinite not only changed the structure of HA, but also modified the surface chemistry of clay mineral. Interaction between HA and kaolinite is presumably ascribable to coulombic interactions and ligand exchange between the -COOH groups of HA and OH groups at the kaolinite surface. During the sorption on mineral surface, aliphatic fractions of HA were preferentially sored by kaolinite while aromatic fractions were left in the solution. More linear isotherms and higher Koc values were observed for kaolinite-HA complex in comparison of the pure HA. The sorption capacity of kaolinite-HA complex increased with increasing ionic strength and pH, and showed more nonlinear character. Kaolinite, microorganism and kaolinite-microorganism complex can all sorb phenanthrene, but the sorption capacity significantly differed. Bacterial cell sorbed more phenanthrene than kaolinite. The biofllm coating of kaolinite affected its sorption to phenanthrene. Kaolinite with biolfilm coating sorbed more phenanthrene than that without biofilm coating. The sorption capacity of kaolinite-microorganism complex decreased with increasing ionic strength and decreasing pH, but showed more nonlinear character. Both HA and microorganism can alter the nature of kaolinite sorbing phenanthrene respectively.  相似文献   

微生物、有机质、油气与砂岩型铀矿   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

尹金双  向伟东  欧光习  王志明  王秀琴 《铀矿地质》2005,21(5):287-295,274

统计表明，世界上已知重要的砂岩型铀矿床的含矿主岩不同程度地含有机质、微生物或油气。对十红滩矿床、努和廷矿床及512矿床进行有机岩石学、有机地球化学、铀与有机碳相关关系分析等研究结果表明，微生物、有机质或油气在砂岩型铀矿成矿的过程中起了重要的作用。  相似文献   

洞穴地球微生物研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵晓玲  杨小芬  曾翠平  刘倩瑛  王红梅 《地质科技情报》2007,26(6):47-52

以洞穴内生长的微生物为切入点,着重论述了近年来洞穴地球微生物的鉴定技术,如Biolog全自动微生物鉴定系统、克隆文库测序法、遗传指纹图技术、变性梯度凝胶电泳和温度梯度凝胶电泳、荧光原位杂交法、稳定同位素探针法以及各种技术的利弊,总结了洞穴地球微生物在微生物多样性及其在洞穴堆积物形成作用方面所取得的进展,预测了洞穴地球微生物今后的发展动向。  相似文献