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91.
FAUSTO O. SARMIENTO 《Geographical review》2010,100(2):229-245
The Andean lapwing (Vanellus resplendens Tschudi) prompts rethinking of ethnoecology in neotropical cloud forests and páramos and challenges notions about conservation in mountain protected areas. Using archaeological, historical, and current evidence, I argue that the role of humans in shaping viable high‐mountain bird populations is an important factor in the conservation priorities of tropandean landscapes, particularly in the mountains. The presence of the Andean lapwing demonstrates the intricate linkages between culture and nature in the Andean region. I highlight a paradox of conservation, using the Andean lapwing as the avian indicator of global environmental change as an example of the contest between landscape change, biodiversity, and ethnoecological insights. Landscape stewardship, conservation easements, and cultural landscapes are options for inclusion in the repertoire of scenarios for the survival of healthy avifaunal assemblages in high‐mountain environments that have evolved in synchrony with humans, such as in páramos, cultural landscapes worth protecting in the tropical Andes. 相似文献
92.
中国热带琼雷生态经济区的建设构想 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
生态经济区克服了传统经济区生态环境约束下的经济增长瓶颈,是区域经济发展的重要内容和方向。目前黄河三角洲高效生态经济区和鄱阳湖生态经济区的建设都已引起国家的高度关注。琼雷生态经济区是在充分考虑了湛江市(雷州半岛)和海南省(海南岛)地区热带资源禀赋、生态环境脆弱性及经济空间紧密性的基础上提出来的战略构想。琼雷地区生态本底较好;热带作物资源、海洋资源及港口资源十分丰富,热带特色显著;经济结构以一、三产业为主,生态恢复与维护成本较小;存在地缘一致性和经济紧密性,有一定区域联系基础。但同时本区域存在生态环境的脆弱性,影响区域生态安全的因素较多,因此必须坚持生态主导下的经济发展原则。为此,建立中国热带琼雷生态经济区是必要的和及时的。本文从宏观的角度,详细分析了琼雷生态经济区的功能定位和建设的主要内容,以期在中国的典型热带区域打造生态经济区发展平台,构筑中国热带生态经济发展高地。 相似文献
93.
Gordon R.M. Bromley Brenda L. Hall Kurt M. Rademaker Claire E. Todd Adina E. Racovteanu 《第四纪科学杂志》2011,26(3):305-317
Deposits preserved on peaks in the southern Peruvian Andes are evidence for past glacial fluctuations and, therefore, serve as a record of both the timing and magnitude of past climate change. Moraines corresponding to the last major expansion of ice on Nevado Coropuna date to 20‐25 ka, during the last glacial maximum. We reconstructed the snowline at Coropuna for this period using a combined geomorphic‐numeric approach to provide a first‐order estimate of the magnitude of late‐Pleistocene climate change. Our reconstructions show that snowline was approximately 550‐770 m lower during the last glacial maximum than during the late Holocene maximum, which ended in the 19th century, and ～750 m lower than today. While these values are similar to data from nearby Nevado Solimana, reconstructions from the neighbouring peak of Nevado Firura reveal a smaller snowline depression, suggesting the glacial response to climate forcing in the tropics is strongly influenced by non‐climatic factors. These data constitute some of the first directly dated palaeo‐snowline data from the arid tropics and suggest that the magnitude of the last glaciation in at least parts of the tropical Andes was similar to late‐Pleistocene events at higher latitudes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
94.
Abstract Understanding of the relationship between precipitation and the associated sources of moisture is essential to the improvement of our comprehension of the global water cycle. The observation of precipitation is one of the major challenges in the study of climate, as is the proper assignment of the sources of moisture that account for that precipitation. A stark contrast in the amounts of available information on precipitation may be seen in the cases of Central America and the northern part of South America. The main areas of precipitation in tropical America are described, and the moisture sources for these areas are identified by means of a Lagrangian approach presented with an example application. A strong relationship exists between the identified sources of moisture and the distribution of precipitation in the locations in question. The Caribbean Sea and the tropical Atlantic are highlighted as the main sources of moisture for the regions of highest precipitation in tropical America. Regional low-level winds play a major role in transport of moisture from the adjacent oceanic regions. Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz Citation Durán-Quesada, A.M., Reboita, M. and Gimeno, L., 2012. Precipitation in tropical America and the associated sources of moisture: a short review. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (4), 612–624. 相似文献
95.
Simon Bolwig Derek Pomeroy Herbert Tushabe David Mushabe 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(2):115-130
Geografisk Tidsskrift, Danish Journal of Geography 106(2): 115–130, 2006 This paper examines the relationship between the intensity of agricultural land use and the abundance and richness of trees and birds in a humid tropical developing region where natural vegetation is being rapidly converted into farmland under market and population pressures. We analysed survey data on land use, birds and woody plants collected in 14 study sites situated within smallholder cropland and commercial plantations in southern Uganda. Commercial plantations had very few trees and only 10% of the original bird species. Land use intensification in smallholder systems also showed losses in bird abundance and species richness, but not nearly as much as in plantations. In both systems the impact of intensification was much bigger on the specialised and threatened birds compared to the less specialised species. This argues strongly for ‘species-sensitive’ conservation policies combining protected areas with land use regulation in areas undergoing intensification. We also found a much higher loss in bird biodiversity during the first phases of land use intensification (when larger tracts of forest are cleared) than in later phases characterised by clearing of smaller patches of vegetation and improved management of farm trees. This suggests high pay-offs to geographical targeting of conservation efforts in farmed landscapes. 相似文献
96.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):430-435
Book Reviewed in this article: Latin America: Case Studies. Richard G. Boehm and Sent Visser Locality and Rurality: Economy and Society in Rural Regions. Tony Bradley And Philip Lowe The City and the Grassroots. Manuel Castells Geopolitics and Conflict in South America. Quarrels among Neighbors. Jack Child Post-Industrial America: A Geographical Perspective. David Clark Coastal Research: UK Perspectives. Malcolm W. Clark A Rural Policy for the EEC? Hugh Clout Peasant Agriculture in Assam: A Structural Analysis. M. M. Das. Environmental Change and Tropical Geomorphology. I. Douglas and T. Spencer Advances in Abandoned Settlement Analysis: Application to Prehistoric Anthrosols in Colombia, South America. Robert C. Eidt Measuring Culture. Jonathan L. Gross and Steve Rayner North America: A Human Geography. Paul Guinness and Michael Bradshaw A Geographical Bibliography for American Libraries. Chauncy D. Harris et al. Geography and the Urban Environment: Progress in Research and Applications, Vol. VI. D. T. Herbert and R. J. Johnston Changes in Global Climate: A Study of the Effect of Radiation and Other Factors During the Present Century. K. Ya. Kondrat'ev. Rural Development and the State: Contradictions and Dilemmas in Developing Countries. David A. M. Lea and D. P. Chaudhri The Martial Metropolis: U.S. Cities in War and Peace. Roger W. Lotchin The Climate of the Earth. Paul E. Lydolph. Weather and Climate. Paul E. Lydolph. Spatial Divisions of Labor: Social Structures and the Geography of Production. Doreen Massey. Panorama of the Soviet Union. N. Mikhailov. Soviet Armenia. K. S. Demirchian. USSR: Geography of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan Period. K. Spidchenko. Planung und Verwirklichung der Wiener Ringstrassenzone (Planning and Materialization of the Ringstrasse-Zone of Vienna). Kurt Mollik, Hermann Reining, Rudolf Wurzer. The American West Transformed: The Impact of the Second World War Gerald D. Nash. An Overview of the Survey of Income and Program Participation. Dawn Nelson, David McMillen, and Daniel Kasprzyk. Phenomenology, Science and Geography: Spatiality and the Human Sciences. John Pickles. Biological Diversification in the Tropics. Ghillean T. Prance Die Wanderviehwirtschaft im gebirgigen Westen der U.S.A. und ihre Auswirkungen im Naturraum. Gisbert Rinschede. Social and Economic Aspects of Radioactive Waste Disposal: Considerations for Institutional Management World-Wide Weather. K. Takahashi Coastal Geomorphology in Australia. B. G. Thom Settlement System in Rural India: A Case Study of the Lower Ganga-Yamuna Doab. Ram Chandra Tiwari. Computer Programming for Geographers. David J. Unwin and John A. Dawson. Late Quaternary Environments of the Soviet Union. A. A. Velichko, ed. H. E. Wright, Jr. and C. W. Barnosky Ethics in Planning. Martin Wachs 相似文献
97.
AbstractHydrological data of a drained tropical peat catchment have been analysed through conventional quantitative hydrological approaches to characterize its hydrological behaviours and changes due to continuous drainage for a long period. The results show that the hydrology of the catchment is extremely dynamic and the catchment is flashy in nature. A decreasing trend in peak flow amount and an increasing trend in baseflow amount was observed in the catchment, indicating that continuous drainage has reduced the risk of both flooding and water scarcity in the catchment. Correlation analysis among rainfall, runoff and groundwater table reveals that saturation excess-near surface flow is the dominant mechanism responsible for rapid runoff generation in the catchment. Therefore, any physical alterations or disturbances to the upper part of the peat profile would definitely affect the overall hydrological behaviour of the peat catchment.Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor D. HughesCitation Katimon, A., Shahid, S., Abd Wahab, A.K., and Ali, M.H., 2013. Hydrological behaviour of a drained agricultural peat catchment in the tropics. Part 1: Rainfall, runoff and water table relationships. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (6), 1297–1309. 相似文献
98.
The analysis results of oxygen isotopes, carbon isotopes, geochemistry and the growth belt of reef coral etc. for some profiles of coral reef show that the basic pattern of climatic fluctuation during the Quaternary period can be reflected by coral reef. The trend of climate change was from cooling to warming during the Early Pleistocene with at least four cycles, and from warming to cooling with at least seven cycles during the Middle Pleistocene. The late Pleistocene is a period of the Quaternary which shows the most frequent variation of climate but generally two main cycles of warming–cooling can be seen. During the Holocene the climate went through a process of warming-rise in temperature-drop in temperature. During the historical period there were four cycles of cooling-warming at 1700 a BP. During the last 200 years climate change is characterized by two stages; a positive deviation in the former 100 years, and a negative deviation in the latter 100 years with general warming trend. 相似文献
99.
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