中国东北平原西部荒漠化现状、成因及其治理途径研究   总被引：28，自引：1，他引：27       下载免费PDF全文

裘善文  张柏  王志春 《第四纪研究》2005,25(1):63-73

中国东北平原西部土地荒漠化,主要表现为土地沙漠化和土地盐碱化,它属于荒漠化的两种类型。东北 平原西部分布着科尔沁沙地和松嫩沙地,前者是全国五大沙漠之一。文章全面、系统地对该地区编制了 1∶1000000荒漠化图和量算出土地沙漠化面积。东北平原西部土地沙漠化面积为72280.6km²,占土地总面积的 22.2%。自20世纪50年代至80年代末,土地沙漠化面积迅速扩大,平均每年以1.5%～3.7%的速度递增;自9 年代以来,沙漠化呈现出逆转趋势,但就总体而言,沙漠化发展仍然大于逆转。东北平原西部土地盐碱化面积 33850.79km²,占土地总面积10.44%,主要分布在松嫩平原,面积为23329.19km²,占土地总面积15.2%,它是世 界上苏打盐碱化土壤的三大片之一,土地盐碱化每年以1.4%～2.5%速率正在发展。所以,该地区的土地荒漠化 不仅制约着当地农、牧业和农村经济的发展,影响周围和毗邻国家的生态环境安全,而且已危及当地人民的生存。 东北平原西部荒漠化的形成有自然因素和人为因素,前者有物源和气候变化等原因,后者有草原超载过牧、滥 垦、滥伐滥櫵、乱挖,河流上中游修建水库等原因,以及冻融作用的特殊原因,致使荒漠化形成和发展。文章总结了 该地区沙漠化正、逆过程的演变,并提出荒漠化的治理应根据荒漠化  相似文献   

山东省滨州市咸水入侵防治对策研究     

邢立亭  徐源 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2009,20(1)

滨州市深层地下水开采量主要由弹性储存量、越流补给量、径流量、压密释水量组成,地下水滞留时间长,更替时间缓慢.通过40年来深层地下水水动力场、水化学场和开发利用状况分析,认为过量开采是深层地下水位持续下降和降落漏斗形成的主因,地下水降落漏斗的快速扩展是咸水入侵的根本原因.采用解析法计算两个约束条件下深层地下水的允许开采量2001.9 m3/a.为合理开发利用地下水和防止成水入侵,提出了限量开采、回灌补源等措施.  相似文献   

计算机网络系统防雷探讨     

张银汉  任开智  汤宁 《贵州气象》2004,28(3):30-32

分析雷击对计算机网络系统造成的危害,并提出相应的防雷措施。  相似文献   

Sensitivity study of the seasonal mean circulation in the northern South China Sea   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

宏波  王东晓 《大气科学进展》2008,25(5):824-840

A study of the circulation in the northern South China Sea （SCS） is carried out with the aid of a three-dimensional, high-resolution regional ocean model. One control and two sensitivity experiments are performed to qualitatively investigate the effects of surface wind forcing, Kuroshio intrusion, and bottom topographic influence on the circulation in the northern SCS. The model results show that a branch of the Kuroshio in the upper layer can intrude into the SCS and have direct influence on the circulation over the continental shelf break in the northern SCS. There are strong southward pressure gradients along a zonal belt largely seaward of the continental slope. The pressure gradients are opposite in the southern and northern parts of the Luzon Strait, indicating inflow and outflow through the strait, respectively. The sensitivity experiments suggest that the Kuroshio intrusion is responsible for generating the imposed pressure head along the shelf break and has no obvious seasonal variations. The lateral forcing through the Luzon Strait and Taiwan Strait can induce the southwestward slope current and the northeastward SCS Warm Current in the northern SCS. Without the lateral forcing, there is the continental slope. The wind forcing mainly causes the The wind-induced water pile-up results in the southward no high-pressure-gradient zonal belt seaward of seasonal variation of the circulation in the SCS. high pressure gradient along the northwestern boundary of the basin. Without the blocking of the plateau around Dongsha Islands, the intruded Kuroshio tends to extend northwest and the SCS branch of the Kuroshio becomes wider and stronger. The analyses presented here are qualitative in nature but should lead to a better understanding of the oceanic responses in the northern SCS to these external influence factors.  相似文献   

An Atmospheric Dry Intrusion Parameter and Its Application          下载免费PDF全文

WANG Donghai  YANG Shuai 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2010,24(4):492-500

Dry intrusion plays an important role in the explosive development of cyclones and the evolution of cold fronts. Characteristics of dry intrusion during a rainfall event that occurred in northern China are analyzed in detail in this paper. The IM (ingredients-based methodology) developed by Doswell et al. in 1996 and Wetzel and Martin in 2001 is utilized. All the physical representations of dry intrusion defined in the past studies, such as low relative humidity, cold advection, and high potential vorticity (on either isobaric or isentropic surfaces), are combined into a simple and convenient physical parameter to characterize dry intrusion. This is a new attempt to extend the IM that was primarily applied to research on heavy rainfall to the study of dry intrusion. The new dry intrusion parameter is used to analyze the isentropic evolution of dry intrusion during the rainfall event. The results show that this parameter can better quantify the intensity of dry intrusion and diagnose its evolution shown in satellite infrared and water vapor imageries.It is found that dry intrusion maintains during the rainfall period. The intensity of precipitation increases with the increasing dry intrusion, which has pushed the rainy region southeastward. From the results on the isentropic surface and the corresponding isobaric surface,it is inferred that the analyses of dry intrusion on both surfaces are consistent with each other. The isentropic analysis of dry intrusion reveals that cold and dry air at the upper level overruns that in the lower troposphere where moist and warm air is located.Thus, potential instability is built up in the vertical direction, which favors the occurrence of precipitation.In practice,we may identify dry intrusion regions by tracking strong signals of the dry intrusion parameter,and further identify the instability near the dry intrusion regions.This will aid in improving the accuracy of precipitation forecast.  相似文献   

商城县水稻生产气候资源分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王金海  贾伟  柳士伟  杨仕贤 《气象与环境科学》2009,32(Z1)

利用1971-2000年气象资料和水稻生产资料,分析了商城县水稻各生育期的热量资源、水分资源、光能资源及影响水稻产量的气候因子,并提出了在水稻生产中防御气象灾害的措施和途径,为以后水稻良种的选育和推广提供参考,对有效防御气象灾害,促进商城县水稻稳产、高产具有重要指导意义.  相似文献   

经营性公路征地的安置途径探讨     

娄文龙 《国土资源》2005,(2):40-41

进入20世纪90年代以来,我国的公路建设进入了一个快速发展的阶段。随着公路建设的不断发展,会不断征用更多的农村集体土地,其中包括耕地,从而造成农用地不断减少,大量农民将成为失地农民。如果失地农民的安置问题解决得不好,将对我国经济的长期发展和社会的稳定都是极为不利的。因此,如何解决公路建设和农民安置的矛盾,  相似文献   

拓宽征地纠纷救济途径 保障公民合法权益——建立独立、专业、高效、统一的土地纠纷机构     

陈静 《国土资源情报》2012,(9):51-56

征地拆迁引发的纠纷已成为当前社会的热点和焦点问题,但目前征地纠纷解决途径不畅,公民权利保障机制极为薄弱,在维护自身合法权利的过程中举步维艰,很难获得及时、适当、正常的救济。在维权无望、绝望之下便诉诸非常规、极端的手段来讨回公道,从而激化了社会矛盾。从国外一些发达国家的救济方式来看,无论是行政手段还是司法手段都能给予公民合法、正常的最终救济。故我国无论从法制建设还是社会稳定的角度,都需要完善目前的征地纠纷救济途径,建立独立、专业、高效、统一的土地纠纷机构,形成多元的救济机制,实现各种救济途径的有效衔接。  相似文献   

杀毒软件的一些使用技巧     

陈英林 《内蒙古气象》2005,(2):35-35

随着计算机病毒的不断增多．杀毒软件现在已经成为大家电脑上的必备软件之一：那么如何很好地利用现有杀毒软件来保护我们的电脑不受病毒困扰成为关键问题。对杀毒软件的了解和应用可以帮助相关人员进一步保护好计算机资源，同时充分利用这些杀毒软件并使之成为阻挡电脑病毒入侵的有用工具。  相似文献   

计算机信息系统雷电防护解决方案     

林溪猛 《河南气象》2005,(3):35-36

分析了雷电侵入计算机信息系统的途径，提出了计算机信息系统雷电综合防护措施。  相似文献