土流变学研究现状与趋势   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王常明 《世界地质》1998,17(4):33-37

土流变学是研究土流变性的科学,包括宏观力学和微观结构两个研究方面。其中就这两方面阐述了国际土流变学的研究现状和我国土流变学研究水平,并对今后的研究趋势作了展望。  相似文献   

震源机制与烈度分布的关系   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

陈培善  严寿民 《地球物理学报》1975,18(1):11-25

本文综合了哈斯克尔（N.A.Haskell）的有限长度的运动断层模型和安艺敬一（K.Aki）的所谓ω²模型（他的模型用了一个指数衰减函数作为位错速度的自相关函数）,略去了一些次要的因素和项,考虑了与烈度的联系,建立了一个计算烈度分布的模型。用此模型和震源机制工作给出的震源参数,计算了四个典型地震的理论烈度分布。同实际观测的烈度分布比较,两者基本一致。说明我们建立的模型,不仅可以解释许多实际的烈度分布（而有些是从地质构造角度无法解释的）,而且可以用于计算大面积的烈度分布。  相似文献   

江苏溧阳地震震害地质若干特点     

溧阳震区震害地质考察组 《地震地质》1979,1(4):59

1979年7月9日18点57分23.1秒,江苏省溧阳县发生Ms=6.0地震。据江苏省地震局测得:微观震中为北纬31°27′,东经119°15′,震源深度约12公里。宏观震中位于上沛公社石家圩与东塘村附近。震中烈度为Ⅷ度。 1974年4月22日在靠近这次震中处,曾发生Ms=5.5地震,即微观震中在北纬31°27′,东经119°19′宏观震中在这次宏观震中之西北胡家边一带。这两次地震在震害上有共同点和差异点。分析这两次地震震害资料,得出以下几点认识,供重建家园参考  相似文献   

关于地震烈度及其工程应用问题   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

刘恢先 《地球物理学报》1978,21(4):340-351

本文对地震烈度这个概念作了重新审查,指出地震烈度是地面震动在一定面积范围内的平均程度,只能用在此范围内平均的物理数量来度量.在现阶段,工程设计数据应当选取这个平均数量加上一定的具有合理概率基础的偏差.宏观的和物理的烈度尺度都是需要的,但须以后者为准,以前者为后者的定性描述.对于物理尺度的选择、现行烈度表的修改以及烈度在工程实践中的应用等问题都作了较详细的讨论.  相似文献   

Dynamics and relationships of Ca, Mg, Fe in litter, soil fauna and soil in Pinus koraiensis-broadleaf mixed forest   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bo Song  Xiuqin Yin  Yu Zhang  Weihua Dong 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2008,18(3):284-290

The Liangshui Natural Reserve in Heilongjiang Province of China was selected as the study area. The authors collected the samples of forest litter （Tilia amurensis, Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, Acer mono, Betula costata, and mixed litter）, soil in humus horizon （0--5cm） and soil horizon （5-20cm）, and soil macrofauna （Oligochaeta, Geophiloporpha and Juliformia） from 2001 to 2002. The role of soil macrofauna in the material cycle was analyzed through comparing the macro-element contents among various parts of the subsystems and using enrichment index （El）. The results indicate that dynamic changes of various litters are very complicated. The contents of Fe in each kind of litter increase firstly, and then decrease in the study period. The changes of macro-element contents are greater in the broad-leaf litter than in the coniferous litter, and the mixed litter is in the middle level, but the differences among them are not significant. The contents of Mg and Fe in humus are higher than those in soil, but the contents of Ca in soil are higher than that in humus. The dynamic changes of macro-element contents in soil and soil fauna are not consistent with those in litter. The diplopod presented obvious enrichment of Ca and Mg （E1〉1）, but it does not significantly enrich Fe. Earthworm has a stronger enrichment ability of Fe than diplopod and scolopendra, but E1〈1. Soil fauna can make great influences on the material cycle of the subsystems.  相似文献   

Methodology for the diagnostics of soil polygenesis on the basis of macro- and micromorphological studies     

T.V.Tursina 《山地科学学报》2009,6(2):125-131

A methodology for studying soil polygenesis and lithological homogeneity of soil profiles is suggested. This methodology is particularly important for mountain soils, where the lithological heterogeneity of the soil profiles created by denudation and accumulation processes is often observed. The methodology includes several stages： （a） the study of the lithological homogeneity/ heterogeneity of soil profiles by field and laboratory methods, （b） the stage-by-stage macro-, meso-, micro-, and submicromorphological analyses of soil profiles with additional use of the methods of neighboring sciences, and （e） the subdivision of soil features into the groups of recent and inherited （relict） features. In the latter group, the subgroups of lithorelict features inherited from the parent material and pedorelict features inherited from the previous stages of soil formation can be distinguished. Two major models of soil polygenesis are suggested. Simple models describe the soils, in which new features appear due to the changes in the environmental conditions in the course of soil evolution. Complex models describe the soils, in which such changes are combined with deposition of new portions of sediments onto the soil surface with the development of buried soil horizons （the synlithogenie pedogenesis）. The models of continuous and discontinuous synlithogenic pedogenesis can be further distinguished. It is argued that the micromorphological method applied to the studies on soil mierofabrics, microforms of soil humus, soil porosity, coatings, and various pedo- and lithorelict features yields valuable information on polygenetic soils.  相似文献   

玉树地震地表破裂调查与灾后重建避让选址研究   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

张永双  马寅生  胡道功  杨农  熊探宇  郭长宝 《地质学报》2010,84(5):593-605

2010年4月14日07时49分40.7秒,青海省玉树县发生Ms7.1级地震。通过现场调查和分析,玉树地震的发震断裂是甘孜—玉树活动断裂的玉树段,地震产生的地表破裂长度为23km,走向北西西—北西,总体表现为左旋走滑特征,可进一步分为3段:西段呈连续延伸的左旋走滑破裂,在隆宝镇的"郭央烟宋多"附近(坐标:北纬33°03′11″、东经96°51′26″)最大水平位移达1.75m,可定为宏观震中;中段主要位于县城南侧,由多条右阶斜列的破裂组成;东段表现为逆冲兼左旋走滑。玉树地震除了造成大量房屋破坏外,次生地质灾害主要包括:地震砂土液化及其引起的公路变形、地震滑坡、地震诱发水渠破坏及其链生土质滑坡和泥石流等。通过对内外动力地质灾害的综合分析,初步提出了玉树地震灾区灾后重建避让选址的建议。  相似文献   

宏观生态环境遥感监测系统总体设计与关键技术   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王勇  庄大方  徐新良  江东 《地球信息科学学报》2011,13(5):672-678

宏观生态环境遥感监测系统是基于环境遥感监测应用技术的软件实现.本文重点介绍了宏观生态环境遥感监测系统的总体结构设计、业务流程设计和核心功能设计,以及模型转换与实现技术、实时投影转换技术与以文件和数据库相结合的数据管理技术、基于XML的数据实时交换技术、产品自动化生产技术等关键技术,并给出了系统的应用实例.系统应用结果表...  相似文献   

欧亚大陆北部新的地震基本烈度区划图     

У.  ВН 梁金仓 《地震科技情报》2000,(2):28-30

  相似文献   

Dynamics and Relationships of Ca,Mg,Fe in Litter,Soil Fauna and Soil in Pinus koraiensis-Broadleaf Mixed Forest   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

SONG Bo  YIN Xiuqin  ZHANG Yu  DONG Weihua 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2008,18(3)

The Liangshui Natural Reserve in Heilongjiang Province of China was selected as the study area.The authors collected the samples of forest litter (Tilia amurensis,Fraxinus mandshurica,Pinus koraiensis,Acer mono,Betula costata,and mixed litter),soil in humus horizon (0-5cm) and soil horizon (5-20cm),and soil macrofauna (Oligochaeta,Geophiloporpha and Juliformia) from 2001 to 2002.The role of soil macrofauna in the material cycle was analyzed through comparing the macro-element contents among various parts of the subsystems and using enrichment index (EI).The results indicate that dynamic changes of various litters are very complicated.The contents of Fe in each kind of litter increase firstly,and then decrease in the study period.The changes of macro-element contents are greater in the broad-leaf litter than in the coniferous litter,and the mixed litter is in the middle level,but the differences among them are not significant.The contents of Mg and Fe in humus are higher than those in soil,but the contents of Ca in soil are higher than that in humus.The dynamic changes of macro-element contents in soil and soil fauna are not consistent with those in litter.The diplopod presented obvious enrichment of Ca and Mg (EI>1),but it does not significantly enrich Fe.Earthworm has a stronger enrichment ability of Fe than diplopod and scolopendra,but EI<1.Soil fauna can make great influences on the material cycle of the subsystems.  相似文献