The Seasonal Variations of Aerosols over East Asia as Jointly Inferred from MODIS and OMI          下载免费PDF全文

LIU Qi  DING Wei-Dong  FU Yun-Fei 《大气和海洋科学快报》2011,4(6):330-337

Data on aerosol optical thickness(AOT) and single scattering albedo(SSA) derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer(MODIS) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument(OMI) measurements,respectively,are used jointly to examine the seasonal variations of aerosols over East Asia.The seasonal signals of the total AOT are well defined and nearly similar over the land and over the ocean.These findings indicate a natural cycle of aerosols that originate primarily from natural emissions. In contrast,the small-sized aerosols represented by the fine-mode AOT,which are primarily generated over the land by human activities,do not have evident seasonalscale fluctuations.A persistent maximum of aerosol loadings centered over the Sichuan basin is associated with considerable amounts of fine-mode aerosols throughout the year.Most regions exhibit a general spring maximum. During the summer,however,the aerosol loadings are the most marked over north central China.This occurrence may result from anthropogenic fine particles,such as sulfate and nitrate.Four typical regions were selected to perform a covariation analysis of the monthly gridded AOT and SSA.Over southwestern and southeastern China,if the aerosol loadings are small to moderate they are composed primarily of the highly absorptive aerosols. However,more substantial aerosol loadings probably represent less-absorptive aerosols.The opposite covariation pattern occurring over the coastal-adjacent oceans suggests that the polluted oceanic atmosphere is closely correlated with the windward terrestrial aerosols.North central China is strongly affected by dust aerosols that show moderate absorption.This finding may explain the lower variability in the SSA that accompanies increasing aerosol loadings in this region.  相似文献   

洞庭湖水沙变化分析及影响初探   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

李正最  谢悦波  徐冬梅 《水文》2011,31(1):45-53,40

水沙变化是洞庭湖演变和江湖关系调整的关键因子。综合运用数理统计、小波分析、Mann-Kendall法和累加过滤器等方法,分析1956～2008年洞庭湖入湖和出湖径流和输沙量的变化特征。结果表明:①洞庭湖入湖水量以湘、资、沅、澧四水入流为主,洞庭湖入湖泥沙以荆江三口分沙为主。四水年均入湖水量约占洞庭湖出湖总水量的59.2%;三口入湖沙量约占入湖总沙量的80.9%。②由于荆江裁弯、葛洲坝工程运用、三峡水库拦蓄以及长江上游的水土保持措施的影响,从三口河道进入洞庭湖的水沙呈现明显的衰减趋势,入湖水量所占比重已由荆江裁弯前的42.6%下降到了三峡水库运用初期的21.7%;入湖沙量所占比重已由荆江裁弯前的87.7%下降到了三峡水库运用初期的59.6%。③近50年洞庭湖的泥沙沉积总量达52.9×108t,但泥沙沉积比已由荆江裁弯前的73.3%下降到了三峡水库运用初期的34.0%,洞庭湖泥沙淤积的趋势明显减弱,有利于保持洞庭湖的调洪湖容,延长洞庭湖的寿命;但三峡水库运用初期,三口分流的衰减将加剧洞庭湖区西部地区枯水供水的紧张态势,并使水环境容量下降;同时城陵矶下游长江河道的淤积导致洞庭湖洪水位抬升。  相似文献   

Amplitude Variation with Offset Responses Modeling Study of Walkaway Vertical Seismic Profile Data at CO2 Geological Storage Site, Ketzin, Germany     

YANG Can  Sayed Hesammoddin KAZEMEINI  FAN Wenfang  Christopher JUHLIN  LIU Dameng 《《地质学报》英文版》2011,85(5):1118-1126

An important component of any CO2 sequestration project is seismic monitoring for tracking changes in subsurface physical properties, such as velocity and density. Different reservoirs have different amplitude variation with offset (AVO) responses, which can define underground conditions. In the present paper we investigate walkaway vertical seismic profile (VSP) AVO response to CO2 injection at the Ketzin site, the first European onshore CO2 sequestration pilot study dealing with research on geological storage of CO2. First, we performed rock physics analysis to evaluate the effect of injected CO2 on seismic velocity using the Biot-Gassmann equation. On the basis of this model, the seismic response for different CO2 injection saturation was studied using ray tracing modeling. We then created synthetic walkaway VSP data, which we then processed. In contrast, synthetic seismic traces were created from borehole data. Finally, we found that the amplitude of CO2 injected sand layer with different gas saturations were increased with the offset when compared with the original brine target layer. This is the typical class III AVO anomaly for gas sand layer. The AVO responses matched the synthetic seismic traces very well. Therefore, walkaway VSP AVO response can monitor CO2 distribution in the Ketzin area.  相似文献   

Downstream patterns of bed sediment-borne metals,minerals and organic matter in a stream system receiving acidic mine effluent: A preliminary study   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yingqun Ma  Wenzhou Lu  Chuxia Lin 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2011

Different downstream variation patterns were observed for a range of bed sediment-borne metals (aqua regia-extractable fraction) in a subtropical stream system receiving acid mine drainage. Mine-originated Fe tended to be deposited in the acidic (mean pH < 4.9) upstream reach in forms of goethite and/or hematite. In contrast, other metals tended to be transported farther downstream and settled in a low-gradient reach with high pH (mean pH > 5.6). The peak of sediment-borne Al, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, La, Mn, Ni and Zn corresponded very well with the peak of the sediment-borne organic matter, suggesting a close association between the water-borne organic colloids and the inorganic metal oxides/hydroxides during their transport. The marked increase in the sediment-borne Al and Pb started more upstream than the other metals, suggesting that the water-borne Al and Pb were more susceptible to pH rise-induced precipitation, as compared to the other metals. It appeared that the organic colloids played no important role in Pb transport and settlement. The iron precipitates had a limited role to play in affecting the transport and fates of other metals since they were predominantly formed and deposited in the acidic reach, which made them incapable of scavenging cationic metals by co-precipitation or adsorption.  相似文献   

首都圈地区卫星热红外亮温变化特征研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

屈春燕  闫丽莉  温少妍  单新建 《地球科学进展》2011,26(2):202-211

利用1999年和2003-2006年共5年的NOAA卫星热红外遥感数据,对北京及周边地区的热红外影像特征和红外亮温年变特征进行了跟踪观测、统计分析与对比研究.结果表明:①不同地质构造单元,特别是线性断裂构造在热红外影像上有清晰的显示,通过不同时期红外影像的对比研究可以很好地揭示断裂构造的空间展布及规模形态,为活动构造研...  相似文献   

基于线粒体Cytb基因的10种石珊瑚的系统发育关系     

刘丽  陈育盛  李晓娜  申玉春  刘楚吾 《广东海洋大学学报》2011,31(1):6-11

通过PCR扩增直接测序得到10种徐闻石珊瑚线粒体Cyt b基因部分序列,分析其碱基组成和变异频率,并采用Neighbor-Joining和Maximum Parsimony法构建系统发育树。结果显示:序列中A+T比例为61.0%,G+C比例为39.0%,前者明显高于后者,碱基替换主要发生在密码子第3位;滨珊瑚科分类与传统分类存在一定差异,揭示传统形态学分类可能受珊瑚骨骼生长可塑性限制,造成分类不准确;刺柄珊瑚属与蜂巢珊瑚科各属亲缘关系较近。  相似文献   

文蛤（Meretrix meretrix）4个壳色花纹品系的遗传差异分析   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

朱东丽  林志华  董迎辉  姚韩韩 《海洋与湖沼》2011,42(3):374-379

应用AFLP技术对文蛤红壳（RS）、黑斑（BS）、细纹（TC）、暗纹（DF）4个壳色花纹品系进行遗传差异分析。利用15对AFLP引物组合对4品系共128个个体进行了PCR扩增和电泳检测,共得到789个位点,总多态位点比例90．75％。Nei’s基因多样性和Shannon’s信息指数显示,4个品系的遗传多样性大小,依次为...  相似文献   

2008年加拿大海盆次表层暖水的精细结构的研究   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

曹勇  赵进平 《海洋学报》2011,33(2):11-19

自2004年以来,在加拿大海盆频繁发生的次表层暖水(near surface temperature maximum,NSTM)现象是北极快速变化响应的事实之一.采用2008年中国第3次北极科学考察的CTD数据和西北冰洋联合研究计划与美国波弗特环流观测系统计划2008年航次的CTD数据以及冰浮标ITP18数据,对加拿大...  相似文献   

南黄海西部36°N断面生态环境特征及其季节变化   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

韦钦胜  葛人峰  李瑞香  臧家业 《海洋学报》2011,33(5):61-72

重点研究了南黄海西部36°N断面水文、生源要素的四季变化特征,阐明了该断面诸参数四季变化的主控因素,并以此反映和指示了与其相关海域的生态环境特征.结果表明:黄海冷水团及黄海暖流具有季节性演替变化规律;秋季跃层以下水体是一部分夏季冷水团残留水和黄海暖流水的混合水;断面西侧在四季均存在小范围的低盐冷水现象(即青岛冷水团),...  相似文献   

Latitudinal variation in the aerial/aquatic ratio of oxygen consumption of a supratidal high rocky‐shore crab     

Marco A. Lardies  José Luis Muñoz  Kurt A. Paschke  Francisco Bozinovic 《Marine Ecology》2011,32(1):42-51

The colonisation of the terrestrial environment by crustaceans is more apparent in tropical latitudes because of the high diversity of semi‐terrestrial and terrestrial crabs. However, in temperate regions there are also great numbers of crustaceans that inhabit ecological niches at the water–air interface. Grapsidae crabs (Decopoda) are especially important in studies of water‐to‐land transition as the family contains species occupying the intertidal and adjacent regions. A way to evaluate the ability of intertidal invertebrates to breathe air is to measure the aerial/aquatic oxygen consumption ratio. The objective of this study was to test the effect of thermal variation on the aquatic and aerial metabolism. We selected as study model the decopoda crab Cyclograpsus cinereus Dana and utilised five populations of the species spread over 2000 km along the Chilean coast. To determine the compensation capacity in respiration with respect to latitude, we evaluated metabolic rate at the same temperature in a common garden design in the laboratory, to examine the extent to which variation in crab physiology is environmentally determined. Whereas in our study, m_b (body mass) varied significantly with latitude, the difference in mass‐independent metabolism both in air and water persisted, indicating that observed differences in MR (Metabolic Rate) were not an effect of differences in body size. We demonstrated that C. cinereus is able to breath oxygen from air and water as expected for an amphibious crab. Almost all the studied populations of C. cinereus show a aerial/aquatic metabolism ratio near 1. The pattern found indicates an increase in metabolic rate, both aerial and aquatic, in low latitudes and therefore does not support the latitudinal compensation hypothesis for temperate habitats. Finally, these kinds of studies are required to make the necessary link between ecological physiology and macroecology and to help develop a global understanding of organismal function in marine systems.  相似文献