利用LANDSAT/TM热红外通道反演地表温度的三种方法比较   总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25  

黄妙芬  邢旭峰  王培娟  王昌佐 《干旱区地理》2006,29(1):132-137

利用北京2004年1月28日、4月1日、4月17日、5月19日和7月6日过境的5景LANDSAT／TM影像和实测探空数据，分别运用大气辐射传输模型、覃志豪（2001）单窗算法和Jimenez-Mufioz＆Sobrino（2003）单窗算法反演北京城区地表温度。通过对反演结果进行对比分析，结果表明，覃志豪（2001）单窗算法与基于探空数据的辐射传输方程法结果具有较好的一致性。提出在没有实时探空数据情况。对只有一个热红外通道的LANDSAT／TM数据源采用覃志豪（2001）单窗算法反演地表温度，精度是可以接受的。  相似文献   

四川巴塘夏塞花岗岩和银多金属矿床年龄及硫、铅同位素组成   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

应汉龙  王登红  付小方 《矿床地质》2006,25(2)

为了解四川西部夏塞银多金属矿区黑云母二长花岗岩形成和矿化发生的时代及成矿物质来源,测定了该矿区绒依措和若洛隆花岗岩的Rb-Sr年龄和钾长石、黑云母及主要银矿化阶段石英的40Ar/39Ar年龄及矿石的硫、铅同位素组成.花岗岩的结晶年龄约为93 Ma,银矿化年龄约为75 Ma.矿石硫可能源于花岗岩,但不能排除源于弱沉积围岩的可能性;矿石、花岗岩和弱变质沉积围岩的铅同位素组成相似,铅主要源于上地壳,少量源于下地壳.  相似文献   

“江苏国土生态地球化学调查”项目分析测试成果验收获优秀     

高孝礼  黄光明 《地质学刊》2006,30(1):20-20

2005年12月23日~24日,中国地质调查局分析质量检查组对江苏省地质调查研究院测试所承担的“江苏国土生态地球化学调查”多元素分析测试工作进行了最终成果评审和评级验收。检查组听取了情况汇报,了解了数据的使用情况,随后逐一审阅了54项分析指标的地球化学图,同时对外部标准控制样的各项质量参数进行了统计分析,并查阅了分析测试的原始记录。检查组认为,“江苏国土生态地球化学调查”项目土壤样品多元素分析工作的各项指标均达到或优于规范要求,地球化学图图面效果好,元素空间分布规律与地质背景特征和生态环境特征相吻合,分析数据准确、可…  相似文献   

Variability of sulfur along the coastal salt marshes, Quanzhou Bay, China     

《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):11-11

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Temporal and dimensional distribution of sulfate-reducing bacteria （SRB） groups and quantity in the sediments of Lake Erhai     

Mingyi WANG Xiaobing LIANG Yaping ZHENG Youzhi ZHAO Zhongqing WEI 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):65-66

The purpose of the thesis is to analyze the temporal and dimensional distribution of sulfate-reducing bacteria （SRB） groups and quantity in Lake Erhai. In April and September 2005, two sediment cores were collected from Lake Erhai. SRB groups were analyzed by PCR with six-groups primers designed according to the specific 16SrDNA sequence. FISH （fluorescence in-situ hybridization） was established with the oligonucleotide probe （SRB385） and utilized to analyze SRB quantity in the sediments. The results showed that in the sediments of Lake Erhai four SRB groups were detected except Desulfobacterium and Desulfobacter, meanwhile Desulfovibrio-Desulfomicrobium were detected only in autumn; different SRB groups had different temporal and dimensional distribution, and each group in autumn is distributed more widely than in spring; FISH used to count SRB in the sediments of fresh lake was set up successfully; the analysis of correlation between the sediment＇s depth and SRB quantity had statistical meaning （P〈0.05） . The result showed that SRB quantity showed a decreasing trend with increasing depth. Through the analysis of randomized block designed analysis of variance, the difference in SRB quantity between spring and autumn also had statistical meaning （P〈0.001）, which revealed SRB quantity in autumn was larger than in spring; the result of FISH showed that there were some SRB in the deeper sediments in which no above-mentioned six SRB groups were detected by PCR. SRB groups in the sediments of Lake Erhai were rich, and the quantities of SRB groups in autumn were larger than in spring; possibly there were uncultivable SRB groups in the sediments of Lake Erhai.  相似文献   

Association between multi-level inorganic arsenic exposure from drinking water and skin lesions in Inner Mongolia, China     

Xiaojuan GUO Yoshihisa Fujino Xiaolei YE Jun LIU Takesumi Yoshimura 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):73-73

Arsenic is one of the most important single-substance toxicants in the environment. In Inner Mongolia of China, 300000 residents are believed to drink water containing 〉50 μg/L. Skin lesions have been known as the most common consequences resulting from chronic exposure to arsenic. To clarify the prevalence of arsenic-induced skin lesions, it is important to assess the impact of this problem on the target population, and to make future planning. We evaluated the association between multi-level inorganic arsenic exposure from drinking water and skin lesions in an arsenic-affected area in Inner Mongolia, China. 109 and 32 subjects fi＇om high-level arsenic-affected （〉5 μg/L） village and low-level （≤50 μg/L） village were recruited and had detailed physical examination with special emphasis on arsenic-related skin lesions. Arsenic exposure was measured for each participant with As concentration of primary well and the duration of using the well was recorded. Arsenic-induced skin lesions including keratosis, pigmentation, and/or leucomelanosis were diagnosed in 56 and 3 subjects in the two villages, respectively. Logistic regression was conducted to calculate prevalence-odd ratios of skin lesions by levels of arsenic exposure with adjustment of sex, age group, smoking and duration of exposure. A consistent dose-response relationship between arsenic exposure level and skin lesion risk was observed.  相似文献   

Associations and mobility of uranium in soils near a depleted uranium （DU） weapons testing site, SW Scotland     

Margaret C. Graham John G. Farmer Ian W. Oliver Angus B. MacKenzie Robert M. Ellam 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):112-112

Natural uranium has three isotopes, ^238U, ^235U and ^234U, with natural abundances of 99.27 atom %, 0.72% and 0.0055%, respectively. Only ^235U is fissile and the production of nuclear fuel and nuclear weapons involves enrichment of uranium in ^235U. This process also results in separation of ^234U from ^238U, leaving depleted uranium （DU）, with typical ^234U/^238U and ^235U/^238U activity ratios of about 0.19 and 0.013, respectively, as a waste product. The high density, high melting and boiling points and chemical stability of uranium and the availability of DU in relatively pure form mean that DU has many uses, including armour-piercing munitions. Such munitions have been developed in the UK since the 1960s and testing has been carried out by the Ministry of Defence （MoD） at firing ranges such as Dundrennan, SW Scotland and Eskmeals, NW England. The firing of DU munitions can result in the dispersion of DU and its combustion products （oxides） as aerosols or as larger fragments, with the potential for human exposure either directly at the site of detonation or via post-depositional migration in the environment. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential environmental mobility of DU by characterizing the associations of U in soil porewaters with increasing distance from a firing site. To this end, several soil cores located down-wind of the firing site at Dundrennan, near Kirkcudbright, SW Scotland, were collected in May 2006. These were sectioned on-site into 1- or 2-cm depth intervals and porewaters were isolated by centfifugation （10 minutes; 8873 g） on return to the laboratory. Following filtration through 0.2-micron cellulose nitrate filters, the porewaters were analyzed by ICP-QMS （U concentration） and ICP-OES （Fe, Al, Ca, Mg, Mn concentrations）. Sub-samples were also subjected to centrifugal ultrafiltration （100, 30, and 3 kD） and to gel electrophoretic fractionation （agarose; 0.045 M Tris-borate; 20 mA, 30 minutes）. Results showed that U was present at up to 4 μg/L in the soil porewater and that the associations of U varied with sample location and soil depth.  相似文献   

XANES analysis of the mechanisms of arsenic removal in biological iron and manganese treatment unit     

Yoko Fujikawa Daisuke Yoneda Atushi Minami Hiroshi Yashima Toshio Tonokai Sotoji Tani Masami Fukui Tatuhide Hamasaki Masataka Sugahara 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):113-113

Biological iron and manganese removal utilizing indigenous iron and manganese oxidizing bacteria （IRB hereafter） in groundwater can also be applied to arsenic removal according to our pilot-scale test. The arsenic removal probably occurred through sorption and complexation of arsenic to iron and manganese oxides formed by enzymic action of IRB. We investigated the chemical properties of iron and manganese oxides in IRB floc and the valence state of arsenic sorbed to the floc to clarify the mechanisms of the arsenic [especially As （Ⅲ）] removal. The floc samples were collected from two drinking water plants using IRB （Jyoyo and Yamatokoriyama, Japan）, and our pilot - scale test site where arsenic and iron removal using IRB is under way （Mukoh, Japan）. The Jyoyo and Yamatokoriyama IRB floc samples were subjected to As （Ⅲ） and As（Ⅴ） sorption experiments. The elemental composition of the floc samples was measured. XANES spectra were collected on As, Fe and Mn K-edges at synchrotron radiation facility Spring 8 （Hyogo, Japan）. FT-IR and the X-ray diffraction spectra of the samples were also obtained. The IRB floc contained ca. 35 % Fe, 0.3%-3.5% Mn and 2%-6% P. The samples were highly amorphous and contained ferrihidrites and hydrated iron phosphate. According to XANES analyses of IRB, As associated with IRB was in ＋5 valence state when As （Ⅲ） （or As （Ⅴ）） was added in laboratory sorption test, Fe in ＋3 valence state, and Mn a mixture of＋3 and ＋4 valence states. Small shift was observed in the XANES spectra of IRB on As K-edge as the equilibration time of the sorption experiment was increased. Gradual oxidation of a small amount of As （Ⅲ） associated with IRB or change in arsenic binding with sorption site were the probable mechanism.  相似文献   

Possibility of degradation of phenylarsonic acid in the presence of ferrihydrite     

Yoko Shimamoto Yoshio Takahashi 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):114-114

Although inorganic species are predominant in natural systems, but there are many kinds of organoarsenic species such as methylated and phenylated arsenic compounds. Phenylarsonic acid （PA） is a degradation product of organoarsenics used for chemical warfare agents, which has been detected in well water at the disposal site of the agents in Japan. There are few reports studying behavior of PA in soil. In this study, PA was adsorbed onto ferrihydrite and its chemical forms were determined using high performance liquid chromatography connected to inductivity-coupled plasma mass spectrometry （HPLC-ICP-MS）. 100 mg/kg of PA was mixed with 0.03 g of 2-line ferrihydrite. For each suspension, pH was adjusted by HNO3 or NaOH. Each sample was incubated for more than 19 hours and the final pH was measured. After filtration, the chemical form of arsenic in the filtrate was measured using HPLC-ICP-MS. In addition, ferrihydrite separated by filtration was dissolved by 3 ml of 0.5 M HCI and the arsenic species in the solution was detected by HPLC-ICP-MS （column： Tosoh TSKgel SuperlC-AP, eluent： 0.01 M HNO3）. It was verified that PA is not degraded by heating in 0.5 M HCl solution. At pH 3.1, any arsenic compounds were not detected from the solution, because almost all arsenic species were adsorbed onto ferrihydrite at lower pH. At pH= 12, however, 7%-10% of inorganic arsenic was detected in the solution. In solid phase, there are some problems to determine the precise ratio of inorganic and organic species. When the solution includes Fe ion at 0.01 M level, the retention time of arsenic species drifted compared to those in standard solution, which makes it difficult to determine precisely the arsenic species adsorbed on ferrihydrite. Therefore, more study is needed to determine the ratio of inorganic and organic species in the system.  相似文献   

Synergistic effect of combining sulfate reducing bacteria and zerovalent iron permeable reactive barriers on the treatment of groundwater rich in uranium, sulfate and heavy metals     

Zhengji YI Kaixuan TAN Zhenxun YU Aili TAN Shiqiang WANG 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):125-126

Uranium processing and mining activities that generate many contaminants, such as high concentrations of U （VI）, sulfate and heavy metals （Zn, Cu, Ni, etc）, may pose a serious threat to the groundwater resources. In recent years, considerable research has been conducted respectively on two kinds of permeable reactive barriers （PRB）, including zerovalent iron （ZVI） and sulfate reducing bacteria （SRB）, for in-situ removal of these pollutants from groundwater. However, little investigation has been carried out on the potential benefits of bioaugmenting ZVI barriers to enhance the elimination of the pollutants by combining ZVI with SRB systems. The main goal of this study was to conduct batch and column experiments to determine whether the combination of SRB and ZVI can function synergistically and accelerate the rate of pollutant removal. The results of anaerobic batch experiments demonstrated that although the integrated ZVI/PRB system itself has no ability to reduce and remove sulfate directly, SRB can utilize hydrogen gas produced during the slow process of ZVI corrosion as an electron donor to raise biomass yields significantly and accelerate reductive sulfate removal. In particular, ferrous cations produced as the byproduct of ZVI corrosion process reacted with hydrogen sulfide from sulfate reduction and formed iron-bearing sulfide precipitates, which can stimulate the growth of SRB and promote sulfate removal activity by eliminating the biotoxicity of hydrogen sulfide. It was also shown that secondary mineral products （pyrite/ferrous sulfide） formed as a consequence of microbial sulfate reduction and ZVI corrosion process can enhance the microbial precipitation of soluble U （VI） as insoluble uraninite（uranium dioxide）.  相似文献