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1.
Forest structural diversity metrics describing diversity in tree size and crown shape within forest stands can be used as indicators of biodiversity. These diversity metrics can be generated using airborne laser scanning (LiDAR) data to provide a rapid and cost effective alternative to ground-based inspection. Measures of tree height derived from LiDAR can be significantly affected by the canopy conditions at the time of data collection, in particular whether the canopy is under leaf-on or leaf-off conditions, but there have been no studies of the effects on structural diversity metrics. The aim of this research is to assess whether leaf-on/leaf-off changes in canopy conditions during LiDAR data collection affect the accuracy of calculated forest structural diversity metrics. We undertook a quantitative analysis of LiDAR ground detection and return height, and return height diversity from two airborne laser scanning surveys collected under leaf-on and leaf-off conditions to assess initial dataset differences. LiDAR data were then regressed against field-derived tree size diversity measurements using diversity metrics from each LiDAR dataset in isolation and, where appropriate, a mixture of the two. Models utilising leaf-off LiDAR diversity variables described DBH diversity, crown length diversity and crown width diversity more successfully than leaf-on (leaf-on models resulted in R² values of 0.66, 0.38 and 0.16, respectively, and leaf-off models 0.67, 0.37 and 0.23, respectively). When LiDAR datasets were combined into one model to describe tree height diversity and DBH diversity the models described 75% and 69% of the variance (R² of 0.75 for tree height diversity and 0.69 for DBH diversity). The results suggest that tree height diversity models derived from airborne LiDAR, collected (and where appropriate combined) under any seasonal conditions, can be used to differentiate between simple single and diverse multiple storey forest structure with confidence.  相似文献   
2.
空间地理信息作为国家信息资源的重要组成部分之一,承担着越来越重要的作用,地貌数据作为空间数据的组成部分,其数据采集及更新十分重要。机载 Lidar 问世以来受到测绘行业广泛重视,其应用不断扩展。该文以地貌数据的快速更新为研究目的,深入分析了地貌更新流程以及机载 Lidar 数据成果,并在此之上提出基于机载 Lidar 数据的地貌快速更新方案,研究其具体步骤以及核心技术,同时采用 CAD 二次开发实现地貌更新数据预处理,大幅提高地貌更新效率。  相似文献   
3.
The paper presents a cycle graph analysis approach to the automatic reconstruction of 3D roof models from airborne laser scanner data. The nature of convergences of topological relations of plane adjacencies, allowing for the reconstruction of roof corner geometries with preserved topology, can be derived from cycles in roof topology graphs. The topology between roof adjacencies is defined in terms of ridge-lines and step-edges. In the proposed method, the input point cloud is first segmented and roof topology is derived while extracting roof planes from identified non-terrain segments. Orientation and placement regularities are applied on weakly defined edges using a piecewise regularization approach prior to the reconstruction, which assists in preserving symmetries in building geometry. Roof corners are geometrically modelled using the shortest closed cycles and the outermost cycle derived from roof topology graph in which external target graphs are no longer required. Based on test results, we show that the proposed approach can handle complexities with nearly 90% of the detected roof faces reconstructed correctly. The approach allows complex height jumps and various types of building roofs to be firmly reconstructed without prior knowledge of primitive building types.  相似文献   
4.
The intraplate Paraná Basin encompasses an area of 1,127,400 km2 in the Brazilian territory and is characterized by the presence of thick basalt and intrusive units of the Serra Geral Formation. Around 70% of its surface is covered by flood basalts. The regional interpretation of the dataset, located in the northern portion of the basin, led to new insights regarding the structure of the basin and its relationship with the Proterozoic surroundings. A 3D model of the basalts, which at the center of the basin has a thickness around 2 km, was built in order to analyze its signal content and the effects in anomaly caused by the structure of the depocenter. The gravity effect of the basalt model on the Terrain Corrected Anomaly map was removed, using forward modeling, generating a new residual anomaly map giving a view of the depocenter anomaly without the interference of the basalts. The result suggests a SW-NE depocenter whose plan shape appears to be more irregular than previously thought and a basement structure divided into three clearly defined compartments separated by structural features, some defined in this work and others already known from previous studies. Following the workflow for regional gravity studies, the Moho gravity effect was also removed using three different crustal thickness models. The results of this step completely changed the low frequency framework of the dataset, addressing extensive highs spread from the central to the eastern portion of the survey area, not enhancing any anomalies related to known geological features mapped in prior geophysical studies.  相似文献   
5.
Optically pumped vapour magnetometers have an orientation dependency in measuring the scalar component of the ambient magnetic field which leads to challenges for integration with mobile platforms. Quantifying the three-dimensional attitude variations (yaw, pitch and roll) of an optically pumped vapour magnetometer, while in-flight and suspended underneath a rotary unmanned aerial vehicle, aids in the successful development of reliable, high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle magnetometry surveys. This study investigates the in-flight three-dimensional attitude characteristics of a GEM Systems Inc. GSMP-35U potassium vapour magnetometer suspended 3 m underneath a Dà-Jiāng Innovations S900 multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle. A series of unmanned aerial vehicle-borne attitude surveys quantified the three-dimensional attitude variations that a simulated magnetometer payload experienced while freely (or semi-rigidly) suspended underneath the unmanned aerial vehicle in fair weather. Analysis of the compiled yaw, pitch and roll data resulted in the design of a specialized semi-rigid magnetometer mount, implemented to limit magnetometer rotation about the yaw axis. A subsequent unmanned aerial vehicle-borne magnetic survey applying this specialized mount resulted in more than 99% of gathered GSMP-35U magnetic data being within industry standards. Overall, this study validates that maintaining magnetometer attitude variations within quantified limits (±5° yaw, ±10° pitch and roll) during flight can yield reliable, continuous and high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle-borne magnetic measurements.  相似文献   
6.
Time‐domain electromagnetic data are conveniently inverted by using smoothly varying 1D models with fixed vertical discretization. The vertical smoothness of the obtained models stems from the application of Occam‐type regularization constraints, which are meant to address the ill‐posedness of the problem. An important side effect of such regularization, however, is that horizontal layer boundaries can no longer be accurately reproduced as the model is required to be smooth. This issue can be overcome by inverting for fewer layers with variable thicknesses; nevertheless, to decide on a particular and constant number of layers for the parameterization of a large survey inversion can be equally problematic. Here, we present a focusing regularization technique to obtain the best of both methodologies. The new focusing approach allows for accurate reconstruction of resistivity distributions using a fixed vertical discretization while preserving the capability to reproduce horizontal boundaries. The formulation is flexible and can be coupled with traditional lateral/spatial smoothness constraints in order to resolve interfaces in stratified soils with no additional hypothesis about the number of layers. The method relies on minimizing the number of layers of non‐vanishing resistivity gradient, instead of minimizing the norm of the model variation itself. This approach ensures that the results are consistent with the measured data while favouring, at the same time, the retrieval of horizontal abrupt changes. In addition, the focusing regularization can also be applied in the horizontal direction in order to promote the reconstruction of lateral boundaries such as faults. We present the theoretical framework of our regularization methodology and illustrate its capabilities by means of both synthetic and field data sets. We further demonstrate how the concept has been integrated in our existing spatially constrained inversion formalism and show its application to large‐scale time‐domain electromagnetic data inversions.  相似文献   
7.
机载LIDAR技术在快速生产高精度DEM中的应用   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
王雪娇  洪友堂 《北京测绘》2011,(4):46-48,33
论述了机载LIDAR系统的组成与工作原理,简述了生产中利用机载LIDAR数据生成DEM的流程及原理分析,并结合数据生产DEM,分析其精度.  相似文献   
8.
直升机间域航空电磁法(Helicopter-borne time-domain electromagnetic method,HTEM)的多次空中仪器校准可消除飞行过程中仪器系统受外界环境的时变影响.吊舱校准装置可解决地面环线方式无法实现的空中飞行过程中仪器校准问题.本文从研究同心补偿吊舱装置模型出发,提出了吊舱装置空...  相似文献   
9.
基于异常线圈的时间域AEM系统测试和标定方法研究   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
为了检验和测试时间域航空电磁系统的测量精度和有效性,采用地面铺设闭合的异常线圈模拟地下有限导体的方法,将异常线圈的电磁响应理论值与系统实测数据进行拟合分析,来确定系统误差和飞行几何参数误差.在计算异常线圈电磁响应的基础上,研究了衰减曲线、剖面曲线与线圈的电性、几何参数关系,设计了野外测试实验方案.在长春市大鹅岛附近,采用吊车进行了系统测试,测试结果表明:单点实测数据的平均绝对误差为0.48 mV,系统相对误差小于1%,飞行高度误差为0.4 m、水平偏移误差为0.2 m.基于异常线圈进行时间域航空电磁系统的测试和标定,是一种准确、快速、经济可行的方法,具有野外施工便捷、参数调整灵活等特点,适用于任何时间域电磁测量系统的检测.  相似文献   
10.
航空瞬变电磁法对地下典型目标体的探测能力研究   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
航空电磁法的探测能力受飞行高度、发射波形、发射磁矩和发射基频等因素的影响,致使不同分量间的勘探能力存在差异.航空电磁如对所有磁场和磁感应分量、on-和off-time数据进行观测和解释,不仅数据量大、耗时长,而且出现大量冗余数据.目前国内针对此问题尚无系统解决方法.本文针对吊舱式直升机航空电磁系统,采用积分方程法求解频率域响应,经汉克尔变换转换到时间域,计算了地下三维目标体的B和dB/dt时间域响应.利用异常体响应与背景场响应作比值,并通过设定响应阀值定义最大勘探深度,进而分析不同发射波形、不同分量以及on-和off-time期间的航空电磁系统的探测能力.基于本文分析手段,可根据实际勘探目标,确定一套探测能力较强的航空电磁最佳参数组合,为野外测量和数据处理提供技术指导,高效完成勘探任务.  相似文献   
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