The potential of Pléiades images with high angle of incidence for reconstructing the coastal cliff face in Normandy (France)     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

To monitor chalk cliff face along the Normandy coast (NW France) which is prone to erosion, we tested the potential of cliff face 3D reconstruction using pairs of images with high angle of incidence at different dates from the agile Pléiades satellites. The verticality aspect of the cliff face brings difficulties in the 3D reconstruction process. Furthermore, the studied area is challenging mainly because the cliff face is north-oriented (shadow). Pléiades images were acquired over several days (multi-date stereoscopic method) with requested incidence angles until 40°. 3D reconstructions of the cliff face were compared using two software: ASP® and ERDAS IMAGINE®. Our results are twofold. Firstly, despite ASP® provides denser point clouds than ERDAS IMAGINE® (an average of 1.60 points/m² from 40° incidence angle stereoscopic pairs on the whole cliff face of Varengeville-sur-Mer against 0.77 points/m² respectively), ERDAS IMAGINE® provides more reliable point clouds than ASP® (precision assessment on the Varengeville-sur-Mer cliff face of 0.31 m ± 2.53 and 0.39 m ± 4.24 respectively), with a better spatial distribution over the cliff face and a better representation of the cliff face shape. Secondly, the quality of 3D reconstructions depends mostly on the amount of noise from raw images and on the shadow intensity on the cliff face (radiometric quality of images).  相似文献   

平原地区高潜水位采煤塌陷综合治理研究——以兖州煤田为例     

姬宗皓  高彦生  甄洪帅  赵永海  宋炳忠 《山东国土资源》2019,35(12)

煤炭资源的开采引发了采煤塌陷、农田损毁、生态破坏、农民失地等后果,给矿区带来了一系列经济、社会、环境问题。该文以兖州煤田为例,对平原地区高潜水位条件下煤炭开采引起的地表塌陷现状进行调查,充分掌握了塌陷区土地利用现状、塌陷区稳沉状况及破坏现状。分析了兖州煤田采煤塌陷区的土地损毁特点,研究了塌陷区综合治理的手段和方法,针对性地提出了高潜水位地区采煤塌陷综合治理的途径,为采煤塌陷区的规划治理提供了参考。  相似文献   

基于局部倾斜叠加的快速射线束叠前时间偏移          下载免费PDF全文

陈祥忠  岳玉波  王瑞兴  刘俊成  惠梦琳 《地球物理学报》2020,63(4):1585-1590

宽方位高密度地震勘探可以有效的提高地震资料的空间分辨率和裂缝预测的精度,但地震道数的增加也大幅度提升了地震数据的处理成本.为提高海量地震数据偏移处理的计算效率,本文发展了一种快速射线束叠前时间偏移方法.该方法首先根据给定的射线束中心间隔将炮记录划分为一系列数据子集,然后利用倾斜叠加将数据子集分解为不同方向的平面波,最后根据射线束中心到地下成像点的双程走时和射线参数拾取相应的平面波振幅累加到成像点上.同Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移相比,本文方法不但保持了一致的成像精度,且由于仅需在稀疏的射线束中心位置进行成像累加运算,计算效率得到了大幅度的提升.文中所给出的模型和实际资料的测试结果验证了本文方法的正确性和有效性.  相似文献   

Paleoproterozoic juvenile magmatism within the northeastern sector of the São Francisco paleocontinent: Insights from the shoshonitic high Ba–Sr Montezuma granitoids     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(5):1821-1840

New,integrated petrographic,mineral chemistry,whole rock geochemical,zircon and titanite UPb geochronology,and zircon Hf isotopic data from the Montezuma granitoids,as well as new geochemical results for its host rocks represented by the Corrego Tingui Complex,provides new insights into the late-to post-collisional evolution of the northeastern Sao Francisco paleocontinent.U-Pb zircon dates from the Montezuma granitoids spread along the Concordia between ca.2.2 Ga to 1.8 Ga and comprise distinct groups.Group I have crystallization ages between ca.2.15 Ga and 2.05 Ga and are interpreted as inherited grains.Group II zircon dates vary from 2.04 Ga to1.9 Ga and corresponds to the crystallization of the Montezuma granitoids,which were constrained at ca.2.03 Ga by the titanite U-Pb age.Inverse age zoning is common within the ca.1.8 Ga Group III zircon ages,being related to fluid isotopic re-setting during the Espinhaco rifiting event.Zircon ε_(Hf)(t) analysis show dominantly positive values for both Group I(-4 to+9) and Ⅱ(-3 to+8) zircons and T_(DM2) model ages of 2.7-2.1 Ga and 2.5-1.95 Ga,respectively.Geochemically,the Montezuma granitoids are weakly peraluminous to metaluminous magnesian granitoids,enriched in LILES and LREE,with high to moderate Mg#and depleted in some of the HFSE.Their lithochemical signature,added to the juvenile signature of both inherited and crystallized zircons,allowed its classification as a shoshonitic high Ba-Sr granitoid related to a late-to post-collisional lithosphere delamination followed by asthenospheric upwelling.In this scenario,the partial melting of the lithospheric mantle interacted with the roots of an accreted juvenile intra-oceanic arc,being these hybrid magma interpreted as the source of the Montezuma granitoids.The Corrego Tingui Complex host rocks are akin to a syn-to late-collisional volcanic arc granitoids originated from the partial melting of ancient crustal rocks.The results presented in this study have revealed the occurrence of juvenile rocks,probably related to an island arc environment,that are exotic in relation to the Paleo-to Neoarchean crust from the Sao Francisco paleocontinent's core.  相似文献   

冕洞与太阳风高速流关系的统计研究:到达时间、持续时间和峰值强度          下载免费PDF全文

卜萱  罗冰显  刘四清  龚建村  曹勇  王宏 《地球物理学报》2019,62(2):462-472

冕洞是太阳风高速流的源区.当冕洞出现在中低纬区域时,太阳风高速流会扫过地球并引发地球空间环境扰动,如地磁暴和高能电子暴等.在太阳活动周下降年和低年,这种类型的扰动占据主导地位.因此,冕洞高速流的到达时间、峰值时间、峰值强度和持续时间等,是空间天气预报的重要内容.本文基于2010年5月到2016年12月的SDO/AIA太阳极紫外图像以及1AU处ACE和WIND卫星的太阳风观测数据,确定了160个冕洞-太阳风高速流事件,定量计算了他们的特征参数,包括冕洞与太阳风高速流的开始时间、峰值时间、峰值强度和结束时间,分析了各个特征参数的分布规律,对冕洞-高速流之间的关系进行了统计研究,并提出了一种新的预报方法,为基于冕洞成像观测的太阳风高速流的精准预报提供了依据.  相似文献   

Gentrification as space domestication. The High Line Art case     

Pier Luigi Sacco  Maria Tartari  Guido Ferilli  Giorgio Tavano Blessi 《Urban geography》2019,40(4):529-554

In this paper, we critically examine the role of artistic locational choices and practices in the context of gentrification processes in urban renewal contexts. We characterize gentrification as a form of domestication of space, and explore the extent to which artistic choices and practices relate to such process with reference to the deontological dilemma of legitimization within the art system vs. responsible empowerment of vulnerable local constituencies. We illustrate our argument with an analysis of the High Line Art project, and show how this can be considered as a textbook example of art-driven space domestication leading to brutal forms of gentrification. We comment on the threat that this provides to the social credibility of artistic practices as an agency of responsible social change.  相似文献   

新疆东准噶尔花岗岩类岩石高温高压弹性波速度及其对地壳结构的约束     

臧春娟  王明梁  刘永刚  唐红峰 《地球物理学报》2014,57(7):2099-2112

应用超声波反射-透射法，在最高压力为1.0 GPa（室温），最高温度为700℃（1.0 GPa）的条件下对新疆东准噶尔地区的卡拉麦里花岗岩带和野马泉岩体的典型花岗岩类岩石（碱长花岗岩、碱性花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和石英闪长岩）的纵波速度（V_P）和横波速度（V_S）进行了测量.结果显示，在常温、压力0.4~1.0 GPa条件下，东准噶尔地区花岗岩类岩石的V_P和V_S均随压力呈线性增加，说明在这个压力段岩石中的微裂隙已基本闭合.室温、1.0 GPa时花岗岩类岩石的V_P是5.79~6.84 km·s^-1，V_S是3.26~3.85 km·s^-1.依据压力与V_P及压力与V_S的线性关系，拟合得到常温常压下花岗岩类岩石的纵波和横波压力系数分别是0.1568~0.4078 km/（s·GPa）和0.0722~0.3271 km/（s·GPa），V_P0和V_S0分别是5.62~6.47 km·s^-1和3.15~3.75 km·s^-1.恒压1.0 GPa、室温到700℃条件下，花岗岩类岩石的V_P和V_S均随温度的升高呈线性降低，温度系数分别为（-3.41~-4.96）×10^-4 km/（s·℃）和（-0.88~-3.22）×10^-4 km/（s·℃）.利用实验获得的花岗岩类岩石的V_P0、V_S0及温度系数和压力系数，结合东准噶尔地区的地热资料，建立了V_P和V_S随深度变化的剖面.将获得的V_P和V_S-深度剖面与该区地球物理探测结果对比，发现东准噶尔地区的碱长花岗岩、碱性花岗岩、二长花岗岩和部分花岗闪长岩的V_P和V_S与该区上地壳速度吻合很好，同时这几种岩石的平均泊松比也与上地壳泊松比一致，因此我们认为这几种类型的岩石是该区上地壳的重要组成部分.另外，石英闪长岩的V_P和V_S均符合中地壳的速度，可能为中地壳中的一种岩石.  相似文献   

Nine thousand years of upper montane soil/vegetation dynamics from the summit of Caratuva Peak,Southern Brazil     

《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2014

Biodiversity loss, climate change, and increased freshwater consumption are some of the main environmental problems on Earth. Mountain ecosystems can reduce these threats by providing several positive influences, such as the maintenance of biodiversity, water regulation, and carbon storage, amongst others. The knowledge of the history of these environments and their response to climate change is very important for management, conservation, and environmental monitoring programs. The genesis of the soil organic matter of the current upper montane vegetation remains unclear and seems to be quite variable depending on location. Some upper montane sites in the very extensive coastal Sea Mountain Range present considerable organic matter from the late Pleistocene and other from only the Holocene. Our study was carried out on three soil profiles (two cores in grassland and one in forest) on the Caratuva Peak of the Serra do Ibitiraquire (a sub-range of Sea Mountain Range – Serra do Mar) in Southern Brazil. The δ¹³C isotopic analyses of organic matter in soil horizons were conducted to detect whether C₃ or C₄ plants dominated the past communities. Complementarily, we performed a pollen analysis and ¹⁴C dating of the humin fraction to obtain the age of the studied horizons. Except for a short and probably drier period (between 6000 and 4500 cal yr BP), C₃ plants, including ombrophilous grasses and trees, have dominated the highlands of the Caratuva Peak (Pico Caratuva), as well as the other uppermost summits of the Serra do Ibitiraquire, since around 9000 cal yr BP. The Caratuva region represents a landscape of high altitude grasslands (campos de altitude altomontanos or campos altomontanos) and upper montane rain/cloud forests with soils that most likely contain some organic matter from the late Pleistocene, as has been reported in Southern and Southeastern Brazil for other sites. However, our results indicate that the studied deposits (near the summit) are from the early to late Holocene, when somewhat wetter and warmer conditions (since around 9000 cal yr BP) enabled a stronger colonization of the ridge of Pico Caratuva by mainly C₃ plants, especially grassland species. However, at the same time, even near the summit, the soil core from the forest site already presented the current physiognomy (or a shrubby/elfin or successional forest), indicating that the colonization of the neighboring uppermost saddles and valleys were probably populated mainly by upper montane forest species.  相似文献   

基于MODIS积雪产品的高亚洲融雪末期雪线高度遥感监测   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王晓茹  唐志光  王建  王欣  魏俊锋 《地理学报》2020,75(3):470-484

以2001—2016年逐日MODIS积雪产品为主要数据源,在高亚洲区域发展了大尺度融雪末期雪线高度的遥感提取方法,并对其2001—2016年的时空变化特征进行了分析。提取方法首先对逐日的MODIS积雪覆盖率产品进行去云处理,获得积雪覆盖日数（SCD）数据集;并用冰川年物质平衡观测数据、融雪末期Landsat数据对提取终年积雪的MODIS SCD阈值进行率定;最后以MODIS SCD提取的终年积雪面积结合地形“面积—高程”曲线实现大尺度融雪末期雪线高度信息的提取。结果表明：① 高亚洲融雪末期雪线高度的空间异质性较强,总体上呈南高北低的纬度地带性分布规律;并因受山体效应的影响,雪线高度由高海拔地区向四周呈环形逐渐降低的特点。② 高亚洲2001—2016年融雪末期雪线高度总体上表现为明显的增加趋势。在744个30 km的监测格网中,24.2%的格网雪线高度呈显著增加,而仅0.9%的格网呈显著下降。除兴都库什、西喜马拉雅外,其他地区雪线高度均表现为升高趋势,显著上升的地区主要分布在天山、喜马拉雅中东部和念青唐古拉山等,其中以东喜马拉雅升高最为显著（8.52 m yr ^-1）。③ 夏季气温是影响高亚洲融雪末期雪线高度变化的主要因素,两者具有显著的正相关关系（R = 0.64,P < 0.01）。  相似文献   

The spatial local accuracy of land cover datasets over the Qiangtang Plateau,High Asia     

Liu  Qionghuan  Zhang  Yili  Liu  Linshan  Li  Lanhui  Qi  Wei 《地理学报(英文版)》2019,29(11):1841-1858

We analyzed the spatial local accuracy of land cover (LC) datasets for the Qiangtang Plateau, High Asia, incorporating 923 field sampling points and seven LC compilations including the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme Data and Information System (IGBPDIS), Global Land cover mapping at 30 m resolution (GlobeLand30), MODIS Land Cover Type product (MCD12Q1), Climate Change Initiative Land Cover (CCI-LC), Global Land Cover 2000 (GLC2000), University of Maryland (UMD), and GlobCover 2009 (Glob-Cover). We initially compared resultant similarities and differences in both area and spatial patterns and analyzed inherent relationships with data sources. We then applied a geographically weighted regression (GWR) approach to predict local accuracy variation. The results of this study reveal that distinct differences, even inverse time series trends, in LC data between CCI-LC and MCD12Q1 were present between 2001 and 2015, with the exception of category areal discordance between the seven datasets. We also show a series of evident discrepancies amongst the LC datasets sampled here in terms of spatial patterns, that is, high spatial congruence is mainly seen in the homogeneous southeastern region of the study area while a low degree of spatial congruence is widely distributed across heterogeneous northwestern and northeastern regions. The overall combined spatial accuracy of the seven LC datasets considered here is less than 70%, and the GlobeLand30 and CCI-LC datasets exhibit higher local accuracy than their counterparts, yielding maximum overall accuracy (OA) values of 77.39% and 61.43%, respectively. Finally, 5.63% of this area is characterized by both high assessment and accuracy (HH) values, mainly located in central and eastern regions of the Qiangtang Plateau, while most low accuracy regions are found in northern, northeastern, and western regions.

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