Characterizing spatial and temporal variation in 18O and 2H content of New Zealand river water for better understanding of hydrologic processes     

Jing Yang  Bruce D. Dudley  Kelsey Montgomery  Will Hodgetts 《水文研究》2020,34(26):5474-5488

Time series of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope ratios (δ²H and δ¹⁸O) in rivers can be used to quantify groundwater contributions to streamflow, and timescales of catchment storage. However, these isotope hydrology techniques rely on distinct spatial or temporal patterns of δ²H and δ¹⁸O within the hydrologic cycle. In New Zealand, lack of understanding of spatial and temporal patterns of δ²H and δ¹⁸O of river water hinders development of regional and national-scale hydrological models. We measured δ²H and δ¹⁸O monthly, together with river flow rates at 58 locations across New Zealand over a two-year period. Results show: (a) general patterns of decreasing δ²H and δ¹⁸O with increasing latitude were altered by New Zealand's major mountain ranges; δ²H and δ¹⁸O were distinctly lower in rivers fed from higher elevation catchments, and in eastern rain-shadow areas of both islands; (b) river water δ²H and δ¹⁸O values were partly controlled by local catchment characteristics (catchment slope, PET, catchment elevation, and upstream lake area) that influence evaporation processes; (c) regional differences in evaporation caused the slope of the river water line (i.e., the relationship between δ²H and δ¹⁸O in river water) for the (warmer) North Island to be lower than that of the (cooler, mountain-dominated) South Island; (d) δ²H seasonal offsets (i.e., the difference between seasonal peak and mean values) for individual sites ranged from 0.50‰ to 5.07‰. Peak values of δ¹⁸O and δ²H were in late summer, but values peaked 1 month later at the South Island sites, likely due to greater snow-melt contributions to streamflow. Strong spatial differences in river water δ²H and δ¹⁸O caused by orographic rainfall effects and evaporation may inform studies of water mixing across landscapes. Generally distinct seasonal isotope cycles, despite the large catchment sizes of rivers studied, are encouraging for transit time analysis applications.  相似文献   

无人机技术在海岛测绘中的应用     

李雪瑞  魏征  田松  李明杰 《测绘通报》2020,(1):150-153

为提高海岛测绘的技术手段，将无人机引入海岛地形调查中，以Swallow-P小型固定翼无人机开展惠州市大亚湾虎洲海岛大比例尺测图为例，系统归纳了无人机外业数据采集与内业数据处理的具体流程，并制作了DEM和DOM成果；经过实测地面点精度分析得出虎洲无人机大比例尺测图成果平面位置中误差和高程中误差符合1∶1000测图精度要求。  相似文献   

面向数字孪生城市的智能化全息测绘   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

顾建祥  杨必胜  董震  杨常红 《测绘通报》2020,(6):134-140

以大数据、物联网、人工智能、虚拟现实、云计算、智能驾驶等新技术为代表的信息化浪潮席卷全球，数字世界与物理世界正形成两大平行发展、相互作用的体系，数字孪生技术应运而生。随着物联网技术（IOT）的发展，数字孪生的理念被引入到智慧城市建设中来，深刻影响着城市规划、建设与治理。笔者所在单位面向数字孪生城市和自然资源统一监管对测绘地理信息的新需求，在全国开创性地开展了面向数字孪生城市的智能化全息测绘试点工作。本文结合上海市智能化全息测绘试点工作，从数字孪生城市、数字孪生城市对地理信息的新需求、智能化全息测绘关键技术及测绘成果等方面展开了论述，重点介绍了智能化全息测绘的技术体系和产品体系，以及在社会各领域的应用成果。  相似文献   

基于已知特征平面的移动测量系统安置参数检校     

张顺  张帆  李珂 《北京测绘》2020,(3):437-442

安置误差是影响移动测量系统激光点云精度的主要因素之一。当激光点云中存在特征平面时,安置误差会导致该平面与真实平面之间产生较大的偏差,如果存在多个空间上位置关系较好的特征平面,就能够全面反映出系统的安置误差。本文以此为依据,给出了一种基于已知特征平面的移动测量系统安置参数检校方法,并详细阐述了检校场的布设、数据获取及处理等内容。实验证明,该方法是一种简单、可靠的检校方法,具有较高的实用性。  相似文献   

居住迁移对居民健康的影响研究进展述评     

程晗蓓  邹游  林赛南  李志刚 《地理科学进展》2020,39(7):1210-1223

进入城市时代以来,居住环境与居民健康的联系愈发密切,尤其在“流动性"增强的大背景下,居住迁移对居民健康的影响问题受到广泛关注。论文结合知识图谱分析和文献研究法,系统评述居住迁移影响居民健康问题的最新进展。研究发现：① 近15 a来,该领域的文献数量逐年增多,关注度持续上升;文献空间分布主要集中在发达国家,但不同地区的研究内容存在显著差异。② 主要研究对象由“同质性群体”向“异质性群体”转变,从“一般性群体”向“特殊群体”转变;研究方法由数理统计向混合研究、综合应用转变。③ 研究视角经历“人口迁移—个体健康”“居住迁移—环境—个体健康”与“迁居轨迹—环境演变—个体健康发展”等3个演变阶段。④ 近期研究重点有：迁居行为与儿童健康,迁居时空特征与身心健康,住房生涯与身心健康,邻里环境、累积剥夺与健康发展等。结合以上分析,提出如下建议：注重“整合性”分析;关注城市内部迁居行为和多次迁居轨迹对居民健康的影响;扩大迁居引发的“环境”因素(如居住隔离、社会分异、职住空间错位等)研究;更多关注迁居对二代流动人口儿童健康的影响,侧重对非正规居住空间如“城中村”等的研究。  相似文献   

Australian ‘gayborhoods’ and ‘lesborhoods’: a new method for estimating the number and prevalence of adult gay men and lesbian women living in each Australian postcode     

Denton Callander  Julie Mooney-Somers  Phillip Keen  Rebecca Guy  Tim Duck  Benjamin R. Bavinton 《International journal of geographical information science》2020,34(11):2160-2176

ABSTRACT

Gay men and lesbian women often demonstrate unique settlement patterns, forming what have been referred to as ‘gayborhoods’. This study sought to provide the first postcode-level estimates of population size and prevalence of gay and lesbian people in Australia. Data on same-gender-partnered households from the Australian Census were combined with information from six different surveys conducted from 2011 to 2017. We estimated that in 2016 there were 132,203 gay men (1.5% of adult males; 95% CI: 1.4–1.6) and 79,931 lesbian women (0.9% of adult females; 95% CI: 0.8–1.0) in Australia. While many postcodes were sparsely populated by gay and lesbian people (40.1% had prevalences of <0.1%), 24.6% were moderately populated (prevalences in the 50-95th percentile) and 2.7% were highly populated (95th percentile). By jurisdiction, the Australian Capital Territory had the highest prevalences of gay men (2.1%; 95% CI: 2.0–2.2) and lesbian women (1.5%; 95% CI: 1.4–1.6). Although the majority of highly populated postcodes were found in major cities (83.7%), some were also found in regional and remote area (16.3%). This method can be applied in other countries to enhance populate estimates. The accompanying dataset can be used to guide service delivery, conduct geographically contextualised research and develop policies relevant to gay men and lesbian women in Australia.  相似文献   

旅游城市餐饮业空间布局特征--以拉萨市为例     

李云云  刘海洋  王灵恩 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(2):191-205

受城市功能定位、旅游消费驱动等因素影响,旅游城市餐饮产业空间布局具有其自身特征。通过对互联网电子地图POI数据的挖掘,并结合ArcGIS最近邻分析、标准差椭圆、核密度分析和缓冲区分析工具,本文分析了高原旅游城市拉萨市主城区餐饮业空间分布格局特征及其影响因素(基于道路交通、旅游资源和人口视角)。研究发现拉萨市主城区餐饮业空间分布总体呈现集聚特征,主要集中在交通发达和旅游资源密集区周边地区;常住人口集聚区域餐饮点同样集中布局,餐饮点密集区与实时人口密集区高度重叠。针对拉萨市城市空间结构、功能定位和旅游发展,文章进一步提出拉萨市餐饮业空间布局优化措施。  相似文献   

Bathymetry,substrate and fishing areas of Southeast Atlantic high-seas seamounts   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

OA Bergstad  ÅS Høines  R Sarralde  G Campanis  M Gil  F Ramil 《African Journal of Marine Science》2019,41(1):11-28

Most of the Southeast Atlantic Ocean is abyssal, and global bathymetries suggest that only ～3.2% of the areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ; also known as the high seas, as defined in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea [UNCLOS]) are shallower than 2 500 m. This study mapped bathymetry and characterised substrates in selected seamount summit areas, including several that have been or may become fishing areas. The southernmost location, the Schmitt-Ott Seamount, has exposed volcanic bedrock with surrounding flats covered by thin biogenic sediments and/or coral rubble that appears ancient. At Wüst, Vema, Valdivia and Ewing seamounts the basaltic base appears to be overlain by coral caps and other coral substrates (sheets, rubble). Adjacent summit plains have biogenic sediments of varying thickness. Vema has a flat, roughly circular summit, <100 m deep, with the shallowest point being a 22-m-deep summit knoll; the upper slopes have ancient coral framework, but the summit has a mixture of coralline and volcanic rock and coarse sediments, including extensive areas with coralline algae and kelp forests. Valdivia Bank is a 230-m-deep, flat, rocky area (～11 × 5 km), protruding steeply from the extensive multi-summit Valdivia subarea of the Walvis Ridge. The distribution of past fisheries in the Convention Area of the South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO) was considered in relation to the new information on bathymetry and substrate.  相似文献   

云南广南县老寨湾金矿地质特征及找矿标志     

高李阳  顾雄  吴小梅 《云南地质》2020,(1):71-75

广南县老寨湾金矿位于滇、黔、桂“金三角”重要成矿区带上,金矿体矿体呈似层状赋存于断层构造破碎带或层间构造破碎带中,构造控矿明显。矿体围岩均为下泥盆统坡松冲组第一段(D1ps1)硅化石英砂岩;矿床成因属中-低温热液叠加改造型金矿床,断层构造、硅化等矿化蚀变及地球化学异常是重要的找矿标志。  相似文献   

金伯利岩型金刚石矿床研究及其成矿模式探讨——以辽宁瓦房店地区金刚石原生矿矿床为例     

刘礼广  吴大天  韩双  万方来  林少全  杨献忠 《地质学报》2020,94(9):2650-2665

辽宁南部瓦房店金刚石矿是国内最大的金刚石矿产区，现已发现4处金刚石成矿带、120个岩体。其中金伯利岩岩管24个、岩脉89个、可疑岩体7个，累计提交1221万克拉储量，占全国金刚石储量52%。本文主要对该矿床的金刚石母岩—金伯利岩的岩石地球化学特征进行了全面系统分析，发现金伯利岩中MgO、NiO、Cr 2O 3的含量与TiO 2、Al 2O 3、Na 2O、K 2O、CaO、P 2O 5等偏碱性组分呈正相关关系；Ni、Cr、Co含量与金刚石含量呈正相关，而Ti、Zr、Ba元素含量与金刚石含量呈负相关。通过对瓦房店矿区金刚石中石榴石及单斜辉石包裹体、橄榄石- 石榴石矿物对、石榴石微量元素、尖晶石- 橄榄石等多种地质温、压计归纳得出金刚石矿的来源深度为150~210 km,压力5~7 GPa，温度1083~1261℃，在上述温、压条件下，结合岩浆化学组成，估算金伯利岩具有低氧逸度(fO 2=2. 913×1. 01325×10-6Pa)的特点。结合野外勘查工作，总结了该矿床的地质特征、控矿构造、矿体空间分布规律等要素，认为NEE向和NE向断裂控制着金伯利岩体的展布方向和矿体形态。脉状金伯利岩体一般呈NEE 70°~80°方向展布，严格受NEE至近EW向的密集节理或裂隙控制。提出了金刚石母岩—金伯利岩是由源于上地幔岩浆，在一定的封闭条件下，受构造与岩性双重控制，多期性的爆发与侵入交替作用所形成，并建立了具有较高氧逸度和较高密度的流变性软流圈，通过渗滤熔体浸蚀岩石圈形成金刚石的理想成因模式，希望为下一步找矿工作提供参考。  相似文献