Fault geometrical model of Dujiangyan section in Longmenshan fault zone          下载免费PDF全文

Hu-Rong Duan  Sheng-Lei Chen  Run Li  Quan-Chao Yan 《地震科学（英文版）》2018,31(3):126-136

The focal mechanism solution on the seismic fault plane can reflect the geometric and kinematic characteristics of faults, and it is an important way to further study the fine structure of fault plane. From the focal mechanism solution of the earthquakes around the Dujiangyan fault in Longmenshan fault zone, we derived the average dip angle of Dujiangyan fault is 45.1° based on the seismic moment tensor theory. In order to refine the fault geometry structure, this paper decomposed it into multiple sub-fault planes along the length and width of the fault plane and forms a number of models A13, B13, A23 a, A23 b, A23 c, B23 a,B23 b and B23 c, then calculated the sub-fault's dip of each model. In order to clarify exactly which one of the fault models is closest to the real fault model, the fault slip was carried out for each model in turn, then compared the surface displacement of each model with GPS observations. The results show that B23 c model with high dip in shallow and small dip in deep is the best model, the lengths of each subfault of Dujiangyan fault from south to north are 33 km, 21 km and 46 km, respectively. When the depth of the fault bottom is about 11 km, the dip angles are 70.56°, 67.41° and 45.55°.When the depth of the fault bottom is about 30 km, The fault dip angles are 44.55°, 29.18° and 44.25°.  相似文献   

Provenance discrimination of fine sediments by mid-infrared spectroscopy: Calibration and application to fluvial palaeo-environmental reconstruction     

Stoil Chapkanski  Damien Ertlen  Claire Rambeau  Laurent Schmitt 《Sedimentology》2020,67(2):1114-1134

Determining sediment provenance allows a better understanding of fluvial palaeo-dynamics, and identifying involved watersheds, at broad spatio-temporal scales. Conventional approaches for source identification are usually based on the physical, mineralogical, geochemical, magnetic or isotopic properties of sediments. Rapid, non-destructive and, in well-established contexts, highly accurate, mid-infrared spectroscopy is an alternative method for investigating sediment sources. The present research objectives are: (i) to use the mid-infrared spectroscopy method to discriminate the provenance of fine sediments, by applying discriminant analysis on a large set of reference samples from three different watersheds in the Upper Rhine area (associated with the Rhine, Ill and Vosges tributaries); (ii) to clarify whether the provenance spectra signatures are influenced by riverine depositional contexts (bars versus banks) and, to some extent, by grain size and/or high organic matter content; and (iii) to apply the mid-infrared spectroscopy – discriminant analysis method to a study of fluvial palaeo-dynamics and determine the provenance of palaeo-channel infillings. Three main sedimentary sources, divided into eight sub-categories, have been characterized by 196 modern reference samples from 78 collecting sites. Discriminant analysis displayed a strong separating power by classifying correctly the origin of samples without any inter-group overlap, independently from the geomorphological context (bar or bank) and associated slight changes in organic matter contents or grain size. Mid-infrared spectroscopy – discriminant analysis investigations of the palaeo-channel infill, complemented by radiocarbon dates and mineralogical data, allowed reconstructing general trends for the local morpho-sedimentary dynamics over the last ca 12 millennia.  相似文献   

断裂带首波研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

杨微 《地震工程学报》2019,41(6):1407-1418

断裂带首波是沿着存在物性差异界面传播的一种地震折射波,在传播过程中携带了断裂带的重要信息,对分析和研究断裂带以及附近区域的精细结构提供了一种新的分析方法。本文主要阐述断裂带首波的产生原理、波形特征、识别及分析方法等,介绍目前国际上识别及利用断裂带首波开展断裂带特征方面的研究现状,并针对地震危险区域存在物性差异的断裂带,提出可结合密集台阵观测技术,利用断裂带首波进行断裂带精细结构探测及其变化监测研究,提高潜在孕震环境及发生机理的认识水平。  相似文献   

京西北地区地震重定位及构造特征     

刘燕翔  卫俊  李金  王妍  李峰  王曰风  蔡玲玲 《地震地磁观测与研究》2019,41(1):19-24

采用双差定位法对京西北地区（39.5°—41.5° N，113°—117° E）2013年1月1日至2017年12月31日6 223次有效地震进行精确定位，得到该区震源分布的精细图像和震源深度剖面图。结果显示，重新定位后地震的水平分布更集中，沿断裂带分布特征更加明显，震中在断裂带呈更明显的条带状、簇状分布，地震与线状的深浅断裂构造的关系密切；大部分地震发生在中上地壳，震源分布为典型震源密集区的空间形态，呈纵深约15 km、直径20—40 km的近圆形“厚饼状”。  相似文献   

Transport of moderately sorted gravel at low bed shear stresses: The role of fine sediment infiltration          下载免费PDF全文

Emeline Perret  Céline Berni  Benoît Camenen  Albert Herrero  Kamal El Kadi Abderrezzak 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(7):1416-1430

A reliable estimation of sediment transport in gravel‐bed streams is important for various practical engineering and biological studies (e.g., channel stability design, bed degradation/aggradation, restoration of spawning habitat). In the present work, we report original laboratory experiments investigating the transport of gravel particles at low bed shear stresses. The laboratory tests were conducted under unsteady flow conditions inducing low bed shear stresses, with detailed monitoring of the bed topography using a laser scanner. Effects of bed surface arrangements were documented by testing loose and packed bed configurations. Effects of fine sediments were examined by testing beds with sand, artificial fine sand or cohesive silt infiltrated in the gravel matrix. Analysis of the experimental data revealed that the transport of gravel particles depends upon the bed arrangement, the bed material properties (e.g., size and shape, consolidation index, permeability) and the concentration of fine sediments within the surface layer of moving grains. This concentration is directly related to the distribution of fine particles within the gravel matrix (i.e., bottom‐up infiltration or bridging) and their transport mode (i.e., bedload or suspended load). Compared to loose beds, the mobility of gravel is reduced for packed beds and for beds clogged from the bottom up with cohesive fine sediments; in both cases, the bed shear stress for gravel entrainment increases by about 12%. On the other hand, the mobility of gravel increases significantly (bed shear stress for particle motion decreasing up to 40%) for beds clogged at the surface by non‐cohesive sand particles. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

安徽省大气颗粒物污染特征分析     

易明建  邓淑梅  汪水兵  卫尤文  戴海夏 《地球化学》2021,50(1):36-45

对2016年全年颗粒物监测浓度数据进行统计分析,得到了安徽省颗粒物污染的空间分布、浓度和粒径,以及污染传输特征。结果表明,淮河以北、沿江和江淮之间、长江以南和皖南山区城市颗粒物污染随地理位置不同表现出明显的区域化特征,污染程度由北向南减轻,污染过程明显表现出由北向南逐步扩散传输的规律,污染程度越重,污染深入南方的范围越广,持续时间也越长。冬季污染较重的城市,上午出现明显的高浓度时段,全天变化为“双峰双谷”型。夏、秋季节夜间细颗粒物(PM2.5)浓度贡献比增加。PM2.5与PM10(可吸入颗粒物)质量浓度比值冬季最高,春季较低。污染重的城市冬季PM2.5占比高。  相似文献   

下扬子地区幕府山组陆缘海-台地黑色细粒沉积岩系沉积学和孔隙结构特征          下载免费PDF全文

张玉玺  周江羽  陈建文  张银国  张悦  刘甜怡  万雪芳 《地球科学》2021,46(1):186-199

黑色细粒沉积岩系沉积学和孔隙结构研究对于沉积环境恢复、页岩气储层评价和有利储层预测具有重要意义.利用下扬子地区最新完钻的XYZ-1钻井资料,综合钻井岩心、岩石薄片、XRD分析、氩离子-场扫描电镜等手段,开展幕府山组细粒沉积岩系的沉积学和孔隙结构研究.结果表明,幕府山组岩性组成以块状、纹层状深色（碳质）泥岩、浅灰色纹层状泥质灰岩、泥晶灰岩为主,夹泥灰岩、云灰岩、陆屑灰岩和白云岩、安山岩、角砾岩等,以含硅质粘土质混合页岩相和含硅质粘土质页岩相为主,属于下扬子海盆的陆架浅海碳酸盐岩台地-深水海湾-潮坪环境.幕府山组黑色细粒沉积岩孔隙类型多样,有机孔为2~200 nm,面孔率为2.86%~15.90%,孔隙分布较均匀,但总体连通性较差,部分与脆性矿物或粘土矿物共生的有机孔分布不均匀.无机孔以粒内孔、粒间孔、溶蚀孔为主,部分为晶间孔和矿物层间孔.除黄铁矿晶间孔外,大部分无机孔均大于2 μm,最大可达50 μm.细粒沉积岩中的微裂缝广泛发育,构造微裂缝形态复杂,缝宽一般20~500 μm,常常被方解石和石英充填.成岩微裂缝长度一般大10μm,缝宽50~200 nm.幕府山组顶部深水海湾相和底部泥坪-蒸发台地相黑色细粒沉积岩TOC含量为2.66%~21.27%,平均值为6.30%,有机孔、无机孔和微裂缝发育,粘土矿物和脆性矿物含量较高,具备优质页岩气储层发育的有利条件.   相似文献   

穿透性地球化学在干旱戈壁荒漠覆盖区的应用 ——甘肃花牛山铅锌矿试验实例     

刘汉粮  张必敏  王学求  孙彬彬  张振海  刘东盛 《地球学报》2021,42(4):545-554

干旱戈壁荒漠区地处我国西北部地区,天山、北山、祁连山三大多金属成矿带横贯其中,成矿条件优越,找矿尤其是找隐伏矿的潜力巨大,但受风成砂土的影响,很难获知覆盖层下方的矿化信息.穿透性地球化学已被证实是有效寻找隐伏矿的方法,其被定义为能探测深部隐伏矿体发出的直接信息的勘查地球化学理论与方法技术.笔者在花牛山铅锌矿开展土壤微细粒全量测量、金属活动态测量(水溶态测量、黏土吸附态测量、铁锰氧化物态测量)和地电化学测量多种穿透性地球化学勘查方法实测工作,结果表明,5种测量方法分析数据主成矿元素(铅、锌)异常衬度高,变异系数大,富集成矿可能性大,地球化学异常与深部隐伏矿体位置吻合,相比较而言,土壤微细粒全量测量效果最好,黏土吸附态测量、铁锰氧化物态测量和地电化学测量效果较好,水溶态测量效果稍差;所选方法技术针对干旱戈壁荒漠区寻找隐伏铅锌矿是有效的.气固介质中内生条件下的纳米金属微粒的发现为利用土壤作为采样介质的穿透性地球化学方法技术(土壤微细粒测量、金属活动态测量)提供了理论基础.电提取泡塑载体中大量的微米级的黏土矿物颗粒发现,以及微量元素异常与铁、铝等常量元素异常高度一致,初步推断地电化学测量提取过程是对黏土矿物颗粒选择性吸附过程.  相似文献   

迭代法建立的低频模型在储层反演中的应用     

王伟  李炳颖  黄鑫  陈易周 《中国地质调查》2021,8(1):125-133

储层预测的精度直接制约着油气开发的经济性与有效性,而低频信息的补偿是改善储层反演效果的有利途径之一。常规的测井曲线内插低通滤波建模方法难以精细表征复杂地质背景下的低频模型。为降低研究区特殊地质体对储层反演带来的影响,采用迭代法建立低频模型,建模中分步考虑压实作用、特殊岩性等因素影响,并通过反演效果不断迭代更新低频模型,最终准确建立反映不同岩性(包含火山岩)的反演低频模型。研究表明: 该方法能够保证储层反演结果的可靠性,为储层精细描述提供了资料; 同时基于反演结果,对东海西湖凹陷W气田主力层(P1)有利储层进行重新刻画,优化了开发井水平段的位置,该井实施结果证实钻遇了优质储层。用迭代法建立的低频模型为复杂地质背景地区储层预测提供了一种更有效的建模方法。  相似文献   

绘图方式对直流电测深等值线断面图的影响     

郭崇光 《物探与化探》2011,35(5):707-709

以一条测线的直流电测深资料为例,分别用人工和Surfer软件绘制出视电阻率等值线断面图进行比较,从而说明:正确地应用Surfer软件绘制等值线图非常重要,关键是网格化前对x、y值的表达方式以及选择那种插值方法,如何插值才能取得理想的效果,否则会直接影响资料解释,甚至会得出错误的结论。  相似文献