基于傅里叶级数的中国沿海地区Tm模型精化研究     

刘立龙  万庆同  周威  黄良珂  黎峻宇 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(11):1137-1141

本文采用中国沿海地区13个探空站2010~2014年实测地表温度T_s与平均温度T_m数据，利用傅里叶级数分析法精化中国沿海地区T_m模型，并将2015年探空站实测T_m数据与精化模型进行对比检验。结果表明，精化模型在T_m探测方面具有更高的计算精度，其计算大气可降水量的误差概率分布趋近于正态分布，具有较强的稳定性。  相似文献   

多源空间数据融合的城市精细化管理     

左海龙  罗红霞 《测绘通报》2019,(12):108-111,151

城市管理体量不断增大且管理对象关联繁多，已经成为影响城市可持续发展的重要问题。在全国智慧城市建设的大背景下，引用新技术提升城市精细化管理水平可以使城市的各管理单元协同、精确、及时地交换信息，形成智慧城市管理的配套方案，让有限的管理资源发挥出最大的使用效能，实现城市管理的最优化目标，促进经济的可持续发展。本文提出了地理信息系统、GPS、遥感、RFID等空间数据融合的技术方案，强调在空间信息和移动信息管理的基础上通过工作流和过程化管理，提高城市精细化管理的综合水平，为实现民众参与监督城市管理和智慧城市建设提供参考。  相似文献   

地理国情水系要素的自动提取     

张瑞  王圣尧  刘善磊  石善球  周佳 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(6):59-61

在地表覆盖水系图斑采集的基础上,利用Rosenfeld细化算法实现地理国情水系要素中心线的自动提取。首先兼顾提取质量确定图像由矢量转换为栅格的最佳像素值,然后根据内存访问效率和图像块大小的关系选择图像分块处理技术。此外,采用图像形态学的膨胀与腐蚀算法、线段长度条件约束和曲线节点抽稀等技术确保中心线提取质量。试验结果表明,本文提出的方法准确、高效,在生产实践中具有一定的应用价值。  相似文献   

基于波形相似特征的微地震事件初至拾取及全局校正          下载免费PDF全文

喻志超  谭玉阳  翟尚  冯方方  何川  侯贵廷 《地球物理学报》2019,62(12):4782-4793

微地震事件初至拾取是井下微地震监测数据处理的关键步骤之一.初至误差的存在会使微地震震源定位结果产生较大偏差,进而影响后续的压裂裂缝解释.通常初至拾取过程对所有的微地震事件选择相同的特征函数并采用一致的拾取参数进行统一处理,然而当事件的能量、震源机制、传播路径以及背景噪声等存在明显差异时,所得初至拾取结果差别显著.为了提高微地震事件初至拾取标准一致性,本文提出基于波形相似特征的初至拾取及全局校正方法.该方法首先利用互相关函数对每个事件内的各道记录进行时差校正,得到初始初至信息并形成叠加道,再对所有事件的叠加道进行全局互相关得到事件间初至相对校正量,最终初至结果可以通过各个事件的初始初至信息与其相对校正量相加得到.方法将所有微地震事件初至结果作为一个整体处理,从而能够克服常规方法初至拾取标准一致性差的缺陷.实际资料处理结果表明,相比于常规方法,该方法可以有效提高事件初至拾取和定位结果的一致性.  相似文献   

似大地水准面拟合中已知点的选择     

周志富  杨莉 《测绘工程》2010,19(6):17-19,34

似大地水准面的拟合是测绘中的一个热点问题,其中已知点的选择对似大地水准面拟合结果有显著影响。文中探讨似大地水准面拟合中已知点的选择问题,分析比较传统手工方法、全组合法与逐点剔除法选择已知点,并用实际算例验证逐点剔除法的优点,所得结论对实际工程应用具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

Grid-size dependence of Cauchy boundary conditions used to simulate stream–aquifer interactions     

Steffen Mehl  Mary C. Hill 《Advances in water resources》2010

This work examines the simulation of stream–aquifer interactions as grids are refined vertically and horizontally and suggests that traditional methods for calculating conductance can produce inappropriate values when the grid size is changed. Instead, different grid resolutions require different estimated values. Grid refinement strategies considered include global refinement of the entire model and local refinement of part of the stream. Three methods of calculating the conductance of the Cauchy boundary conditions are investigated. Single- and multi-layer models with narrow and wide streams produced stream leakages that differ by as much as 122% as the grid is refined. Similar results occur for globally and locally refined grids, but the latter required as little as one-quarter the computer execution time and memory and thus are useful for addressing some scale issues of stream–aquifer interactions. Results suggest that existing grid-size criteria for simulating stream–aquifer interactions are useful for one-layer models, but inadequate for three-dimensional models. The grid dependence of the conductance terms suggests that values for refined models using, for example, finite difference or finite-element methods, cannot be determined from previous coarse-grid models or field measurements. Our examples demonstrate the need for a method of obtaining conductances that can be translated to different grid resolutions and provide definitive test cases for investigating alternative conductance formulations.  相似文献   

基于移动式监测的道路PM_2.5浓度精细化时空模拟     

林荣平  周素红 《地理学报》2023,78(1):149-162

作为主要的大气污染指标,PM_2.5浓度常来源于固定环境监测站点的监测与遥感影像数据,但时空精度普遍不足,难以揭示微尺度下城市内部PM_2.5时空分布情况。本文利用移动式监测方法,选择典型工作日(2017年11月27日),对广州市主城区道路以1 s和1 m为时空粒度进行PM_2.5浓度数据采集,并以早、晚出行高峰时段为对象,通过机器学习方法模拟道路PM_2.5精细化时空分布格局。结果表明,主城区早高峰道路PM_2.5浓度值相近的平均范围为24 m,晚高峰为15 m,PM_2.5浓度存在微尺度的时空异质性。利用多层感知器(MLP)构建的早、晚高峰PM_2.5浓度模型,拟合度分别达到0.70和0.68,明显优于传统的普通最小二乘法(OLS)线性回归模型。模型揭示出早高峰主城区全路网PM_2.5平均浓度为30.19μg/m3,晚高峰达到44.55μg/m3,部分高达94.82μg/m3,且“西高东低”的分布特征显著。本文提出的PM  相似文献   

新版建筑工程建筑面积计算规范应用探讨     

王建文 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(5):197-199

GB/T 50353-2013建筑工程建筑面积计算规范于2014年7月1日开始实施,该规范是在总结原有规范基础上进行修订的,目前,新规范实施已经一年多了,依据新规范审批的建设工程陆续进入验收阶段,因此,在建筑面积测量中如何正确用好新规范显得尤为重要。本文就新规范的技术要点进行分析,以便于技术人员和管理人员正确使用新规范。  相似文献   

Dehydration experiments on natural omphacites: qualitative and quantitative characterization by various spectroscopic methods   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. Koch-Müller  I. Abs-Wurmbach  D. Rhede  V. Kahlenberg  S. Matsyuk 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2007,34(9):663-678

A series of natural omphacites from a wide range of P, T occurrences were investigated by electron microprobe (EMP), infrared (IR)-, Mössbauer (MS)- and optical spectroscopy in the UV/VIS spectral range (UV/VIS), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and single crystal structure refinement by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to study the influence of hydrogen loss on valence state and site occupancies of iron. In accordance with literature data we found Fe²⁺ at M1 as well as at M2, and in a first approach assigned Fe³⁺ to M1, as indicated by MS and XRD results. Hydrogen content of three of our omphacite samples were measured by SIMS. In combination with IR spectroscopy we determined an absorption coefficient: ε _i,tot = 65,000 ± 3,000 lmol_H2O ^?1 cm^?2. Using this new ε _i,tot value, we obtained water concentrations ranging from 60 to 700 ppm H₂O (by weight). Hydrogen loss was simulated by stepwise heating the most water rich samples in air up to 800°C. After heat treatment the samples were analyzed again by IR, MS, UV/VIS, and XRD. Depending on the type of the OH defect, the grade of dehydration with increasing temperature is significantly different. In samples relatively poor in Fe³⁺ (<0.1 Fe³⁺ pfu), hydrogen associated with vacancies at M2 (OH bands around 3,450 cm^?1) starts to leave the structure at about 550°C and is completely gone at 780°C. Hydrogen associated with Al³⁺ at the tetrahedral site (OH bands around 3,525 cm^?1, Koch-Müller et al., Am Mineral, 89:921–931, 2004) remains completely unaffected by heat treatment up to 700°C. But all hydrogen vanished at about 775°C. However, this is different for a more Fe³⁺-rich sample (0.2 Fe³⁺ pfu). Its IR spectrum is characterized by a very intense OH band at 3,515 cm^?1 plus shoulder at 3,450 cm^?1. We assign this intense high-energy band to vibrations of an OH dipole associated with Fe³⁺ at M1 and a vacancy either at M1 or M2. OH release during heating is positively correlated with decrease in Fe²⁺ and combined with increase in Fe³⁺. That dehydration is correlated with oxidation of Fe²⁺ is indirectly confirmed by annealing of one sample in a gas mixing furnace at 700°C under reducing conditions keeping almost constant OH^? content and giving no indication of Fe²⁺-oxidation. Obtained data indicate that in samples with a relatively high concentration of Fe²⁺ at M2 and low-water concentrations, i.e., at a ratio of Fe^{2+ M2}/H > 10 dehydration occurs by iron oxidation of Fe²⁺ exclusively at the M2 site following the reaction: \( {\left[ {{\text{Fe}}^{{{\text{2 + [ M2]}}}}{\text{OH}}^{ - } } \right]} = {\left[ {{\text{Fe}}^{{{\text{3 + [ M2]}}}} {\text{O}}^{{{\text{2}} - }} } \right]} + {\text{1/2}}\;{\text{H}}_{{\text{2}}} \uparrow . \) In samples having relatively low concentration of Fe²⁺ at M2 but high-water concentrations, i.e., ratio of Fe^{2+ M2}/H < 5.0 dehydration occurs through oxidation of Fe²⁺ at M1.  相似文献   

Improving the efficiency of ant algorithms using adaptive refinement: Application to storm water network design     

M.H. Afshar 《Advances in water resources》2006

The ant algorithm is a new evolutionary optimization method proposed for the solution of discrete combinatorial optimization problems. Many engineering optimization problems involve decision variables of continuous nature. Application of the ant algorithm to the optimization of these continuous problems requires discretization of the continuous search space, thereby reducing the underlying continuous problem to a discrete optimization problem. The level of discretization of the continuous search space, however, could present some problems. Generally, coarse discretization of the continuous design variables could adversely affect the quality of the final solution while finer discretization would enlarge the scale of the problem leading to higher computation cost and, occasionally, to low quality solutions. An adaptive refinement procedure is introduced in this paper as a remedy for the problem just outlined. The method is based on the idea of limiting the originally wide search space to a smaller one once a locally converged solution is obtained. The smaller search space is designed to contain the locally optimum solution at its center. The resulting search space is discretized and a completely new search is conducted to find a better solution. The procedure is continued until no improvement can be made by further refinement. The method is applied to a benchmark problem in storm water network design discipline and the results are compared with those of existing methods. The method is shown to be very effective and efficient regarding the optimality of the solution, and the convergence characteristics of the resulting ant algorithm. Furthermore, the method proves itself capable of finding an optimal, or near-optimal solution, independent of the discretization level and the size of the colony used.  相似文献