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H. Wiggering 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(2):99-105
Because of the high degree of automation in the coal mining industry in the Ruhr area, Germany, about 1 metric ton of crushed rock/colliery spoil is brought to the surface for every metric ton of coal. Most of the colliery spoil disposed of must be dumped. These colliery spoil dumps are anthropogenic geological sediment bodies, which have a characteristic facies resulting from geological, technical, and economical factors connected with the formation of the dumps. The relation between the facies of the dumps and these factors, for example, is examplified with the pyrite content within the colliery spoil. Pyrite content within the dumps is dependent both on the conditions during sedimentation and (early) diagenesis and the techniques used for mining and processing. Thus, this geologic-technical facies of the dumps controls the weathering processes on and in dumps. These humaninduced processes are mainly responsible for the environmental impact on soil and groundwater. Oxidation of pyrite as well as alteration of pyrite under anoxic conditions yields dissolution of carbonates, accompanied by gypsum formation, by acid attack and strong acidification takes place. 相似文献
2.
Mine waste dumps and heavy metal pollution in abandoned mining district of Boccheggiano (Southern Tuscany, Italy) 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
M. Benvenuti I. Mascaro F. Corsini P. Lattanzi P. Parrini G. Tanelli 《Environmental Geology》1997,30(3-4):238-243
Mining activity in the Boccheggiano-Fontalcinaldo area (Southern Tuscany) dates back at least to the 16th century AD and
lasted up to very recent times. Copper-rich hydrothermal veins, massive pyrite deposits, and their gossans were exploited.
Two mine waste dumps (Fontalcinaldo, Fontebona), one flotation tailings impoundment (Gabellino), and one roasting/smelting
waste dump (Merse-Ribudelli) in the study area were selected to ascertain the environmental effects of such protracted mining
activity. Primary waste mineralogy is mainly characterized by pyrite, gypsum, quartz, carbonates, chlorites, and micas. Secondary
oxidation mineralogy includes Fe and Cu sulfates and hydroxy sulfates, Cu carbonates, Fe and Al oxyhydroxides, and other phases
[neogenic cassiterite at Fontalcinaldo; probable calkinsite, (Ce,La)2(CO3)3· 4H2O, at Fontebona]. Mine waste samples show extremely variable contents of toxic elements (Cu, Pb, Zn, Bi, Cd, As), with average
values in the order of hundreds to thousands of parts per million (except for Bi and Cd). In some samples, the abundance of
proper minerals of these metals cannot account for the entire metal load. Conceivably, either solid solution substitutions
or adsorption processes contribute to the intake of released metals into newly formed minerals. Release and transport of pollutants
was affected to variable degrees by acid-neutralization processes. The highest metal and acid concentrations occur close to
the investigated wastes and rapidly decrease moving downstream some hundreds of meters or less, with the partial exception
for Mn and Fe. Other than dilution effects, this phenomenon may be ascribed to metal adsorption and precipitation of solid
phases.
Received: 16 April 1995 · Accepted: 14 December 1995 相似文献
3.
P. Marescotti C. Carbone L. De Capitani G. Grieco G. Lucchetti D. Servida 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(8):1613-1626
Active acid mine drainage (AMD) processes at the Libiola Fe-Cu sulphides mine are mainly triggered by water–rock interaction
occurring within open-air tailing and waste-rock dumps. These processes are mainly controlled by exposure to weathering agents,
the grain size of the dumped materials, and by the quantity of sulphides, the sulphide types, and their mode of occurrence.
Due to these factors, several paragenetic stages of evolution have been recognised at different depths at different sites
and within the same site. The dump samples were investigated with mineralogical (reflected- and transmitted-light optical
microscopy, XRPD, and SEM-EDS) and geochemical (ICP-AES, Leco) techniques. The AMD evaluation of the tailing and waste-rock
samples was performed by calculating the Maximum Potential Acidity, the Acid Neutralising Capacity, (and the Net Acid Producing
Potential. The results allowed us to demonstrate that the open-air tailings had already superseded their AMD apex and are
now practically inert material composed mainly of stable goethite ± lepidocrocite ± hematite assemblages. On the contrary,
the sulphide-rich waste rocks still have a strong potential to produce long term AMD, causing the acidification of circulating
waters and the release of several hazardous elements. 相似文献
4.
Soil water deficit and vegetation restoration in the refuse dumps of the Heidaigou open-pit coal mine, Inner Mongolia, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The sustainability of ecosystem restoration of refuse dumps in open-pit coal mines depends on plant species selection, their configuration, and the optimal usage of water resources. This study is based on field experiments in the northern refuse dump of the Heidaigou open-pit coal mine in Inner Mongolia of China established in 1995. Eight plant configurations, including trees, shrubs, grasses, and their combinations, as well as the adjacent community of natural vegetation, were selected. The succession of the revegetated plants, soil water storage, the spatiotemporal distribution of plant water deficits degree and its compensation degree were also studied. Results indicated that the vegetation cover (shrubs and herbaceous cover), richness, abundance, soil nutrients (soil organic matter, N and P), and biological soil crust coverage on the soil surface are significantly influenced by the vegetation configurations. The average soil water storage values in the shrub+grass and grass communities throughout the growing season are 208.69 mm and 206.55 mm, which are the closest to that of in the natural vegetation community (215.87 mm). Plant water deficits degree in the grass and shrub+grass communities were the lowest, but the degrees of water deficit compensation in these configuration were larger than those of the other vegetation configurations. Differences in plant water deficit degree and water compensation among the different configurations were significant (P<0.05). Plant water deficit degrees were predominantly minimal on the surface, increased with increasing soil depth, and remained stable at 80 cm soil depth. The soil moisture compensation in the natural vegetation, shrub+grass, and grass communities changed at 10%, while that in other vegetation communities changed between 20% and 40%. Overall, we conclude that the shrub+grass and grass configuration modes are the optimal vegetation restoration models in terms of ecohydrology for future ecological engineering projects. 相似文献
5.
The environmental risk posed by small dumps of complex arsenic,antimony, nickel and cobalt sulphides
Mine waste dumps sited in the vicinity of mine workings typically consist of fragmented rock masses which in chemical terms may be defined as "complex systems", due to uncertainties in accurately simulating their behaviour, when water or aqueous solutions percolate through them. Remediation of the contamination problems created by abandoned mine dumps concerns many former mining areas from Europe to Africa. These dumps usually range in size from a few hundred thousand up to million cubic meters of rock defined as “waste” but which still contain significant amounts of potentially toxic elements. Although relatively small, they are often densely distributed in the territory impacting on surface and ground-water. This scenario is particularly applicable to the region of Sardinia, Italy, where several small dumps of uncommon sulphide minerals still exist on derelict mine sites. This paper reports on the results of a research project aimed at defining appropriate remedial measures of acid rock drainage. A dump of a Co–Ni–As–Sb complex sulphides mine was investigated and simulated in a laboratory leaching column. The column was irrigated with distilled water and a repetitive behaviour of the polluting elements concentrations in the effluents was observed for each run. Regardless of the campaign duration and the extent of the intervals between tests metal ions concentration peaks (250–50 ppm for Ni, 35–20 ppm for Co, 1.6–0.4 ppm for As, 20–15 ppm for Zn and 0.03–0.002 ppm for Sb) and acidic conditions (pH 2.5–3.5), on resumption of each irrigation, was noticed. As percolation continued, the ion concentrations decreased within the discharge limits after the replacement of only two pore volumes of the column material. This produces the conception that a sufficiently long rainfall period could remediate the polluting effects. Conception contradicted by field experiences: sporadic rainfall events, typical of the region, are not sufficient to completely leach out the metal ions. The repetitive nature of the leaching processes, both quantitatively and qualitatively, can be explained only by the activity of a microflora thriving in the rock mass even during long dry periods. Microbial tests and neutralisation campaigns confirmed this hypothesis and suggested that any effective remediation strategy must take into consideration the interaction between environmental factors with microbiological activities. 相似文献
6.
GueorguiA.Yurgenson 《东北亚地学研究》2004,7(1):92-96
Geotechgjgensis is mineralogical geochemical transformation of minerals, rocks, and ores as consequence of impact on them in the process of performing geological-exploration and irrigation works, extracting and processing mineral resources, constructing transport, civil and military objects. These effects lead to discontinuity and moving different scale fragments ofuppor part of lithospere and conjugate hydro-and biosphere zones. Discontinuity predttermines the disturbance of matural systems dynamic equilibriu and acceleration of mftter transformation and migration processes. The final aim of studying geotechnogenesis minseralogy and geochemistry is the establishment of scientific foundations for developing ecological safety measures including also utilization fo geotechnogene deposits. 相似文献
7.
Direct measurement of slope retreat on three unvegetated slope profiles on unmodified, pre-1939, strip-mine dumps revealed average ground losses ranging from 29 to 33 mm/year. Measured ground losses are twice those estimated from the Universal Soil Loss Equation. Slope length seems less significant than frost action in influencing erosion on these slopes. 相似文献
8.
Gueorgui A.Yurgenson 《世界地质(英文版)》2004,7(1)
Geotechgjgensis is mineralogical geochemical transformation of minerals, rocks, and ores as consequence of impact on them in the process of performing geological-exploration and irrigation works, extracting and processing mineral resources, constructing transport, civil and military objects. These effects lead to discontinuity and moving different scale fragments of upper part of lithospere and conjugate hydro-and biosphere zones. Discontinuity predttermines the disturbance of matural systems dynamic equilibriu and acceleration ofmftter transformation and migration processes. The final aim of studying geotechnogenesis minseralogy and geochemistry is the establishment of scientific foundations for developing ecological safety measures including also utilization fo geotechnogene deposits. 相似文献
9.
以北京市平原区为研究区域,利用北京1号卫星(Beijing-1)融合数据,研究了非正规垃圾场的影像特征,建立了非正规垃圾场在小卫星影像上的判读标志,通过人机交互和计算机自动检测方法对北京地区的非正规垃圾场进行了判读分析和变化检测试验研究.验证发现:利用Beijing-1小卫星的全色和多波段融合影像对非正规垃圾场的识别精度可达90.3%;由于非正规垃圾场影像特征的不确定性,计算机自动变化检测方法不能替代人机交互判读,但可提高人机交互识别变化的效率. 相似文献
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