高分六号遥感卫星新增波段下的树种分类精度分析     

张沁雨  李哲  夏朝宗  陈健  彭道黎 《地球信息科学学报》2019,21(10):1619-1628

高分六号卫星具有覆盖广、多种分辨率、波段多的优势,能为遥感解译提供更丰富的信息。为探究高分六号卫星新增波段在森林树种识别上的应用,本文以覆盖根河市阿龙山林业局的一期高分六号宽幅影像为数据源,基于特征优化空间算法（Feature Space Optimization,FSO）和最大似然分类法,分别利用高分六号的前4个波段和所有波段（8波段）的光谱、纹理等特征进行了森林树种分类,并逐一添加新增波段特征确定了各波段的贡献率排名。结果表明：在加入了优选出的均匀性纹理、均值纹理和角二阶矩纹理3种纹理特征后,前4波段和8波段的分类精度比只基于光谱特征时的精度分别高出13.23%和24.63%;利用8波段信息比只利用前4波段在基于光谱特征上的精度高11.88%,在基于光谱+纹理特征上则高23.24%;基于8波段光谱+纹理特征的树种分类精度最高,达到68.74%,新增4波段的贡献率排名为B6>B5>B8>B7,说明新增红边波段对于本次树种分类试验的贡献率最高,能为北方树种识别提供有效帮助。  相似文献   

波段选择协同表达高光谱异常探测算法     

朱德辉  杜博  张良培 《遥感学报》2020,24(4):427-438

高光谱遥感影像具有光谱分辨率极高的特点,承载了大量可区分不同类型地物的诊断性光谱信息以及区分亚类相似地物之间细微差别的光谱信息,在目标探测领域具有独特的优势。与此同时,高光谱遥感影像也带来了数据维数高、邻近波段之间存在大量冗余信息的问题,高维度的数据结构往往使得高光谱影像异常目标类和背景类之间的可分性降低。为了缓解上述问题,本文提出了一种基于波段选择的协同表达高光谱异常探测算法。首先,使用最优聚类框架对高光谱波段进行选择,获得一组波段子集来表示原有的全部波段,使得高光谱影像异常目标类与背景类之间的可分性增强。然后使用协同表达对影像上的像元进行重建,由于异常目标类和背景类之间的可分性增强,对异常目标像元进行协同表达时将会得到更大的残差,异常目标像元的输出值增大,可以更好地实现异常目标和背景类的分离。本文使用了3组高光谱影像数据进行异常目标探测实验,实验结果表明,该方法与其他现有高光谱异常目标探测算法对比,曲线下面积AUC(Area Under Curve)值更高,可以更好地实现异常目标与背景分离,能够更有效地对高光谱影像进行异常目标探测。  相似文献   

BDS-3多频点伪距单点定位性能研究     

张乾坤  刘小生  何琦敏 《测绘通报》2020,(1):71-75

针对目前有关北斗三号系统伪距单点定位研究较少，未对三号系统多个频点的定位性能进行对比分析的现状，本文利用实测数据对三号系统多个频点的定位性能进行了研究，并联合BDS-2、Galileo进行了同频伪距单点定位试验，统计分析了组合定位多个频点的同频定位结果。试验结果表明：目前三号系统单独定位能力有限，不适合单独定位；BDS-3/Galileo同频组合定位可以弥补BDS-3新频点单频定位时卫星个数不足、数据不完整导致的定位精度过差的情况，同时能够提高Galileo的定位精度；BDS-2/3的B3I频点与BDS/Galileo组合的B2b频点的定位精度均与GPS的L1频点的定位精度相当。  相似文献   

A novel coupled FDM-DEM modelling method for flexible membrane boundary in laboratory tests     

Hua-Xiang Zhu  Zhen-Yu Yin  Qiang Zhang 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(3):389-404

Difficulties are involved in discrete element method (DEM) modelling of the flexible boundary, that is, the membranes covering the soil sample, which can be commonly found in contemporary laboratory soil tests. In this paper, a novel method is proposed wherein the finite difference method (FDM) and DEM are coupled to simulate the rubber membrane and soil body, respectively. Numerical plane strain and triaxial tests, served by the flexible membrane, are implemented and analysed later. The effect of the membrane modulus on the measurement accuracy is considered, with analytical formulae derived to judge the significance of this effect. Based on an analysis of stress-strain responses and the grain rotation field, the mechanical performances produced by the flexible and rigid lateral boundaries are compared for the plane strain test. The results show that (1) the effect of the membrane on the test result becomes more significant at larger strain level because the membrane applies additional lateral confining pressure to the soil body; (2) the tested models reproduce typical stress and volumetric paths for specimens with shear bands; (3) for the plane strain test, the rigid lateral boundary derives a much higher peak strength and larger bulk dilatation, but a similar residual strength, compared with the flexible boundary. The latter produces a more uniform (or ‘diffuse') rotation field and more mobilised local kinematics than does the former. All simulations show that the proposed FDM-DEM coupling method is able to simulate laboratory tests with a flexible boundary membrane.  相似文献   

高光谱图像波段选择的改进二进制布谷鸟算法     

宋广钦  杜正舜  贺智 《测绘通报》2019,(4):43-48

波段选择是高光谱遥感图像分类的重要前提，本文提出了一种用于高光谱遥感图像波段选择的改进二进制布谷鸟算法，通过使用混合二进制编码算法更新子代鸟巢和使用遗传算法交叉方式更新被发现鸟巢两个方面对二进制布谷鸟算法进行改进，找出在图像中起主要作用且相关性低的波段，实现对高光谱遥感图像降维。将本文算法运用于PaviaU数据集和AVIRIS数据集，并与二进制布谷鸟算法、二进制粒子群算法、最小冗余最大相关算法、Relief算法等进行对比分析。结果表明，改进二进制布谷鸟算法波段特征选择效率更高，且选取的波段更具代表性，能够较好地提高后续分类精度。  相似文献   

Simulation of drilling‐induced compaction bands using discrete element method     

H. Rahmati  A. Nouri  D. Chan  H. Vaziri 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2014,38(1):37-50

Rock failure is observed around boreholes often with certain types of failure zones, which are called breakouts. Laboratory‐scale drilling tests in some high‐porosity quartz‐rich sandstone have shown breakouts in the form of narrow localized compacted zones in the minimum horizontal stress direction. They are called fracture‐like breakouts. Such compaction bands may affect hydrocarbon extraction by forming barriers that inhibit fluid flow and may also be a source of sand production. This paper presents the results of numerical simulations of borehole breakouts using 3D discrete element method to investigate the mechanism of the fracture‐like breakouts and to identify the role of far‐field stresses on the breakout dimensions. The numerical tool was first verified against analytical solutions. It was then utilized to investigate the failure mechanism and breakout geometry for drilled cubic rock samples of Castlegate sandstone subjected to different pre‐existing far‐field stresses. Results show that failure occurs in the zones of the highest concentration of tangential stress around the borehole. It is concluded that fracture‐like breakout develops as a result of a nondilatant failure mechanism consisting of localized grain debonding and repacking and grain crushing that lead to the formation of a compaction band in the minimum horizontal stress direction. In addition, it is found that the length of fracture‐like breakouts depends on both the mean stress and stress anisotropy. However, the width of the breakout is not significantly changed by the far‐field stresses. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

孔隙性砂岩中单条变形带与簇状变形带的特征与区别——以远安地堑上白垩统红花套组中变形带为例     

渠芳  连承波  柴震瀚  任冠雄 《地质论评》2021,67(4):67050011-67050011

孔隙性砂岩中的变形带研究近年来取得长足进展,但有关单条变形带与簇状变形带如何区分和界定仍是一个较模糊的问题。本文以远安地堑上白垩统红花套组高孔砂岩中发育的剪切增强压实带和压实剪切带为例,对单条及簇状变形带的特征和区别做出系统分析。研究表明,虽然单条变形带的长度、宽度、错断位移、凸起高度等均明显小于簇状变形带,但是不同运动学成因的变形带宏观特征、微观结构不同,因此不能单纯以规模大小区分二者,需要结合带密度将簇状变形带与变形带列、网格构造等相区分,还需要结合其微观结构特征进行准确鉴定。单条及簇状剪切增强压实带特征类似,均不具核心碎裂带,颗粒主要为中等破碎,多表现为多个不连续分布的碎裂核。簇状剪切增强压实带内部的非均质性更强。单条压实剪切带具有核心碎裂带,依剪切力大小不同,其核心碎裂带内颗粒粉碎程度及边缘过渡带宽度不同,常伴随微小剪切缝痕迹。簇状压实剪切带在镜下可清晰识别出不同的核心碎裂带、带间区域及微小剪切缝,可见S—C组构和断续分布的滑动面。单条及簇状变形带的发育会不同程度地改变储层的物性并可能会对油气运移和开采产生影响。  相似文献   

CINRAD-SA双偏振雷达资料在降水估测中的应用初探   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

陈超  胡志群  胡胜  张扬  李珊珊 《气象》2019,45(1):113-125

对基于水平反射率ZH和差分传播相移率K_(DP)的降水估测综合法R(C)进行了改进,并对广州S波段双偏振雷达2016年2次飑线和2次台风降水过程的Φ_(DP)使用小波分析进行滤波处理,在此基础上使用变距最小二乘法拟合得到K_(DP)的值。分别使用R(C)和R(Z_H)法对2次飑线和2次台风降水过程进行降水估算,将估算结果和雨量计小时雨量进行了对比,并将两种方法的评估结果进行了对比。结果表明:(1)对于飑线类型降水,R(C)法对5 mm·h~(-1)以上的降水估测精度要好于R(Z_H)法,且降水率越大,R(C)法优势越明显,当降水率≥20 mm·h~(-1)时,两次过程R(C)法比R(Z_H)法的平均相对误差(RE)降低了17. 2%,平均绝对误差(AE)减少了1.89 mm,平均均方根误差(RMSE)减少了1.66 mm;(2)对于台风类型降水,R(C)法对5 mm·h~(-1)以上的降水估测精度也好于R(Z_H)法,当降水率≥20 mm·h~(-1)时,两次过程R(C)法比R(Z_H)法的平均RE降低了33. 19%,平均AE减少了3. 95 mm,平均RMSE减少了4.05 mm;(3)对于飑线和台风两种类型降水R(C)法都明显改善了降水率较大时的R(Z_H)法低估问题,但R(C)法在降水率10 mm·h~(-1)时也存在低估,可能是由雨滴谱资料观测误差导致拟合的系数偏小或雷达硬件造成的观测偏差等造成的。  相似文献   

2017年6月一次华南沿海强降水的对流性特征及热动力机制研究          下载免费PDF全文

曾智琳  谌芸  朱克云 《大气科学》2019,43(6):1295-1312

在华南北部或长江流域有锋面雨带活动时,华南沿海常常会出现对流性强降水,突发性很强,给预报造成很大的困惑。文章采用多种观测资料、ERA-Interim 0.125°×0.125°逐6 h再分析资料,对2017年6月15～16日华南北部的锋面雨带及沿海强降雨过程开展分析,对比了二者降水特征与环境条件,重点探讨了该次过程华南沿海强降雨的对流触发与维持,揭示了一种由边界层风切变强迫造成涡度持续发展的动力效应。结果表明:（1）锋面雨带与华南沿海强降雨在降水特征上有显著差异,并各有特点。锋面雨带以大尺度层状云降水和弱对流性降水为主,降水强度东段弱西段强。沿海强降雨以对流性降水为主,局地性强、落区集中、强降雨持续时间长、夜发性明显。（2）水汽方程诊断发现沿海强降雨在边界层水平水汽平流项、垂直水汽输送项比锋面雨带东段具有更大量级,大气层结反映出更深厚的暖层、湿层与对流不稳定,是二者降水强度及性质差异的主要原因。（3）莲花山、峨眉嶂造成气流侧向摩擦与正面阻挡促使漯河河谷内垂直涡度发展,暖湿空气堆积上升并达到自由对流高度,触发了华南沿海最初的降水。夜间建立的西南风急流使边界层垂直风速切变增强,水平涡度倾斜部分转化为垂直涡度发展,与风速水平切变造成的垂直涡度叠加,是强降雨持续时间长的动力机制。海陆边界摩擦差异造成水平、垂直两个方向的风切变增强,共同强迫垂直涡度发展是此次强降雨过程对流维持的动力效应。（4）方程诊断表明华南沿海强降雨由对流潜热释放造成的垂直上升速度占总垂直上升速度的39%～75%,持续、稳定的对流潜热释放是强降雨持续时间长的热力驱动因素。  相似文献   

Linking pesticides and human health: A geographic information system (GIS) and Landsat remote sensing method to estimate agricultural pesticide exposure     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

Accurate pesticide exposure estimation is integral to epidemiologic studies elucidating the role of pesticides in human health. Humans can be exposed to pesticides via residential proximity to agricultural pesticide applications (drift). We present an improved geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing method, the Landsat method, to estimate agricultural pesticide exposure through matching pesticide applications to crops classified from temporally concurrent Landsat satellite remote sensing images in California. The image classification method utilizes Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values in a combined maximum likelihood classification and per-field (using segments) approach. Pesticide exposure is estimated according to pesticide-treated crop fields intersecting 500 m buffers around geocoded locations (e.g., residences) in a GIS. Study results demonstrate that the Landsat method can improve GIS-based pesticide exposure estimation by matching more pesticide applications to crops (especially temporary crops) classified using temporally concurrent Landsat images compared to the standard method that relies on infrequently updated land use survey (LUS) crop data. The Landsat method can be used in epidemiologic studies to reconstruct past individual-level exposure to specific pesticides according to where individuals are located.  相似文献