华南季风降水对应的环流指数   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

姚才  钱维宏  林振敏  刘合香 《应用气象学报》2011,22(3):302-311

利用NCEP再分析资料及台站和格点降水量资料分析了华南季风降水与周边大气环流的关系,并由此建立了反映6月华南降水强度的季风指数,这一季风指数利用菲律宾及其以东与华南850 hPa涡度差定义。华南季风指数具有很好的区域代表性,华南季风指数与亚洲格点日降水量的主要正相关区集中在华南。华南季风指数可以很好地描述华南降水的年际变化和极端年份,季风指数强 (弱) 的年份也是华南降水偏多 (少) 的年份,极端的华南季风指数年份对应极端的华南降水年份。华南季风指数高与低年份对应的华南降水量差值通过了0.01的显著性检验。在年代际尺度上,季风指数强 (弱) 的年代与华南降水偏多 (少) 的年代有很好的对应关系。华南季风指数包含了西南季风、副热带高压以及中高纬度西风槽等各影响系统的信息,可在业务上使用。  相似文献   

大气变量物理分解原理及其在区域暴雨分析中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

钱维宏  江漫  单晓龙 《气象》2013,39(5):537-542

观测的全球大气变量可以物理分解为4个部分:纬圈平均的对称气候、非对称气候、纬圈平均的瞬变对称扰动和非对称扰动。文章用欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)ERA Interim全球再分析资料(0.75°×0.75°)介绍大气瞬变扰动量中的扰动风提取方法及其在区域暴雨分析中的应用。结果表明:用欧洲高分辨率再分析资料物理分解得到的扰动气流能够较好地反映暴雨的落区和风与雨之间的关系,如暴雨带位于低层大气扰动气流的辐合线上和稳定的暴雨带两侧扰动气流多呈对峙的辐合状态。  相似文献   

地形摩擦对台风移动的影响     

钱维宏 《海洋预报》1993,10(2):1-7

本文从动力学的角度研究了台风流场与台风运动的关系,在实际预报中考虑地形摩擦改变的流场对台风移动的影响取得了明显的效果。  相似文献   

中国东部7类暴雨异常环流型   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

钱维宏  蒋宁  杜钧 《气象》2016,42(6):674-685

近年来的研究发现,瞬变扰动天气图上的扰动场天气系统对区域暴雨的落区指示能力强于传统天气图上的总场天气系统。为供预报员在业务预报中参考,本文划分1998年发生在中国东部地区的41日次区域暴雨为7类扰动场天气系统。与区域暴雨相联系的7类异常环流型分别是:华南切变线、华南涡旋、华南倒槽、长江切变线与槽、沿江涡旋、华北涡旋和东北涡旋。无论是在对流层的垂直剖面上,还是在850 hPa水平分布上,扰动天气图上位势高度低值和风扰动辐合处并配合大的水汽扰动对应有区域暴雨,而传统天气图上的低值系统和高水汽区与暴雨之间存在位置上的偏移。由此建议,用实况大气变量和中期数值模式产品绘制扰动天气图有助于预报员确定区域暴雨落区。  相似文献   

长期天气变化与地球自转速度的若干关系   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

钱维宏 《地理学报》1988,(1)

本文应用1820—1983年的地球自转变化率资料,分析出地球自转变化存在准44个月、准11年、准24年和准49年的周期。南方涛动指数的变化,大气活动中心位置的移动,赤道东太平洋海温的异常等,都能从地球自转速度变化思期中找到关系。已经发现,在地转长期(准24年和准49年周期)加(减)速时,南方涛动指数减弱(增强),大气活动中心向西北(东南)移动,非洲干旱区降水偏多(偏少);同时发现:在地转短期(准44个月周期)加(减)速时,赤道东太平洋海温降低(升高)。本文讨论微机在地理学上的应用,介绍可以从英美市场获得的地理软件,并检讨微机在英美地理教学和研究上的一些限制,以促进其在国内地理学上的应用。现存的软件和硬件基本上可以满足地理教学和研究上的大部分需要。随着微机价格的降低,体积的缩小,计算速度、内外存储器容量以及可携带性的增加,其实际应用将会更广。微机已逐渐成为地理教学和研究中不可缺少的工具。  相似文献   

高低层纬向风切变的年际变率及气候学意义     

胡豪然  钱维宏  李跃清 《大气科学》2008,32(3):543-551

用1959～1998共40年全球格点风场资料计算了200 hPa与850 hPa的纬向风速差, 即对流层纬向风切变(简称TZWS),并在此基础上得到其距平值。为了全面考察对流层中环流异常的年际变率特征, 根据TZWS的标准差分布, 文中选出了7个TZWS标准差数值大于5 m/s的代表性区域。这7个区域分别位于赤道中太平洋、赤道东太平洋、北太平洋亚热带地区、南太平洋亚热带地区、赤道大西洋、亚洲西南部以及东北部。前5个分别位于赤道、亚热带太平洋和大西洋的区域TZWS指数, 其年际变率与ENSO循环有密切联系, 反映了热带海洋温度异常对低纬度地区对流层环流的影响; 后2个区域的TZWS指数反映的是亚洲西南部和东北部的气候统变率, 在年际时间尺度上与ENSO循环有着明显的区别。通过对全球陆地降水和温度场的分析, 比较了热带、副热带的TZWS指数以及北极涛动指数的异同, 发现后2个区域TZWS指数能很好且能独立反映出北半球中高纬度地区陆地降水及陆地温度的异常模态。  相似文献   

An overview of dry-wet climate variability among monsoon-westerly regions and the monsoon northernmost marginal active zone in China   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

钱维宏  丁婷  胡豪然  林祥  秦爱民 《大气科学进展》2009,26(4):630-641

Climate in mainland China can be divided into the monsoon region in the southeast and the westerly region in the northwest as well as the intercross zone, i.e., the monsoon northernmost marginal active zone that is oriented from Southwest China to the upper Yellow River, North China, and Northeast China. In the three regions, dry-wet climate changes are directly linked to the interaction of the southerly monsoon flow on the east side of the Tibetan Plateau and the westerly flow on the north side of the Plateau from the inter-annual to inter-decadal timescales. Some basic features of climate variability in the three regions for the last half century and the historical hundreds of years are reviewed in this paper. In the last half century, an increasing trend of summer precipitation associated with the enhancing westerly flow is found in the westerly region from Xinjiang to northern parts of North China and Northeast China. On the other hand, an increasing trend of summer precipitation along the Yangtze River and a decreasing trend of summer precipitation along the monsoon northernmost marginal active zone are associated with the weakening monsoon flow in East Asia. Historical documents are widely distributed in the monsoon region for hundreds of years and natural climate proxies are constructed in the non-monsoon region, while two types of climate proxies can be commonly found over the monsoon northernmost marginal active zone. In the monsoon region, dry-wet variation centers are altered among North China, the lower Yangtze River, and South China from one century to another. Dry or wet anomalies are firstly observed along the monsoon northernmost marginal active zone and shifted southward or southeastward to the Yangtze River valley and South China in about a 70-year timescale. Severe drought events are experienced along the monsoon northernmost marginal active zone during the last 5 centuries. Inter-decadal dry-wet variations are depicted by natural proxies for the last 4--5 centuries in several areas over the non-monsoon region. Some questions, such as the impact of global warming on dry-wet regime changes in China, complex interactions between the monsoon and westerly flows in Northeast China, and the integrated multi-proxy analysis throughout all of China, are proposed.  相似文献   

An Integrated Analysis of Dry-Wet Variability in Western China for the Last 4-5 Centuries     

钱维宏  林祥 《大气科学进展》2009,26(5):951-961

Trends in graded precipitation in China from 1961 to 2000   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

符娇兰  钱维宏  林祥 《大气科学进展》2008,25(2):267-278

Daily precipitation rates observed at 576 stations in China from 1961 to 2000 were classified into six grades of intensity, including trace （no amount）, slight （≤ 1 mm d^-1）, small, large, heavy, and very heavy. The last four grades together constitute the so called effective precipitation （〉 1 mm d^-1）. The spatial distribution and temporal trend of the graded precipitation days are examined. A decreasing trend in trace precipitation days is observed for the whole of China, except at several sites in the south of the middle section of the Yangtze River, while a decreasing trend in slight precipitation days only appears in eastern China. The decreasing trend and interannual variability of trace precipitation days is consistent with the warming trend and corresponding temperature variability in China for the same period, indicating a possible role played by increased surface air temperature in cloud formation processes. For the effective precipitation days, a decreasing trend is observed along the Yellow River valley and for the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and Southwest China, while an increasing trend is found for Xinjiang, the eastern Tibetan Plateau, Northeast China and Southeast China. The decreasing trend of effective precipitation days for the middle- lower Yellow River valley and the increasing trend for the lower Yangtze River valley are most likely linked to anomalous monsoon circulation in East China. The most important contributor to the trend in effective precipitation depends upon the region concerned.  相似文献   

非平衡热力学在短期灾害性天气预报中的应用     

钱维宏 《地球科学进展》1993,8(1):39-42

综述了非平衡热力学应用于天气预报的若干进程以及在短期灾害性天气预报应用中的明显效果。  相似文献