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1.
南京市PM2.5物理化学特性及来源解析   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
在夏、冬两季,分别在南京市4个站点进行为期7天的气溶胶PM2.5采样,同步采集并分离主要排放源的PM2.5样品,用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)分析得到气样及源样中PM2.5的化学成分,对南京市PM2.5的物理化学特性、富集因子进行了分析,并应用化学质量平衡法(CMB)计算各类源对气溶胶PM2.5的贡献。结果表明,南京市PM2.5的夏、冬平均值分别为69.1、139.5μg.m-3,PM2.5/PM10的全年平均值为63.9%;富集成分中,S、As、Zn、Pb等主要来源于人为污染源,Na则主要来源于海洋。来源解析的结果表明,各类污染源对南京市气溶胶PM2.5的贡献率分别为:扬尘37.28%、煤烟尘30.34%、硫酸盐9.87%、建筑尘7.95%、汽车尘2.98%、冶炼尘2.57%、其他源9.01%。作者还对扬尘中的PM2.5进行了来源解析。  相似文献   
2.
To investigate the values of 10-m drag coefficient (CD) in different coastal areas under the influence of tropical cyclones, the present study used the observational data from four towers in different coastal areas of the South China Sea (SCS) during six tropical cyclone (TC) passages, and employed the eddy covariance method and the flux profile method. The analysis of footprint showed that the fluxes at Zhizai Island (ZZI), Sanjiao Island (SJI) and Donghai Island (DHI) were influenced basically by the ocean, and the flux at Shangyang Town (SYT) was influenced mainly by the land. The results showed that the dependence relationships of CD on 10-m wind speed (U10) in four different coastal areas under the influence of TCs were different. CD at ZZI and SJI initially increased and then decreased as U10 increased, similar to the pattern over the ocean. CD at ZZI and SJI represented the values over shallow water with seawater depths of ~7 m and ~2 m, respectively. Moreover, the critical wind speed at which CD peaked gradually decreased as the seawater depth became shallower in the coastal areas. CD at DHI and SYT decreased monotonously as U10 increased, similar to the pattern over the land. CD at DHI represented the value over the transition zone from shallow water to coastal land, and CD at SYT represented the value over the coastal land. Meanwhile, the eddy covariance method and the flux profile method were compared at ZZI and SYT during TC passages. It was found that their CD values obtained by the two methods were close. Finally, the parameterizations of observed u* and CD as a function of U10 over four different coastal areas were given under the influence of high winds. These parameterizations of observed C may be used in high-resolution numerical models for landfalling TC forecast.  相似文献   
3.
This paper investigates processing of fast-response data and corrections of turbulent fluxes obtained by using eddy covariance method based on data collected at an offshore observation tower during three Cold-intrusion(CI)events in the South China Sea in 2010. This study presents the data processing procedure in detail and compares frictional velocities(u*), sensible heat fluxes(H) and latent heat fluxes(LE) yielded by using different averaging periods and different coordinate rotation methods; evaluates the sonic temperature correction for sensible heat flux and the Webb correction for latent heat flux as a function of 10 m wind speed(u10) during the CIs. The results show(1) that the different averaging periods of 30 min and 10 min cause biases of u*(H, LE) within 5%(15%, 62%). The values of u*(H,LE) averaged from 30 mins are mostly larger than those averaged from 10 mins. We suggest that the averaging period of 10 min is not sufficiently long to capture all scale eddies and recommend 30 min averaging period in calculating turbulent fluxes using eddy covariance method during CIs;(2) that the values of u*(H, LE) obtained from double rotation(DR2) and those obtained from planar fit rotation(PF) have good agreements and correlation coefficients between them are larger than 0.99. Because PF method requires unchanged environment and it is easier to apply DR2 method, we suggest DR2 coordinate rotation method in processing fast-response data; and(3) that the median values of frictional velocity(sensible heat flux and latent heat flux) binned according to 2 m s~(-1) intervals of u_(10) increase(decrease,increase) by less than 9%(4%, 10%) by Coriolis corrections(sonic temperature corrections, Webb corrections), which decreases(decreases, increases) with increasing u10 when u10 are 5-17 m s~(-1).  相似文献   
4.
广东沿岸海雾决策树预报模型   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
利用汕头、珠海和湛江地面观测站2000-2008年1-5月的海雾历史观测资料和NCEP/NCAR FNL再分析资料,采用分类与回归树(CART)方法对海雾及其生成前24 h的海洋气象条件进行分类分析,建立了海雾决策树预报模型;并根据现有的海雾理论认识,对海雾预报规则包含的物理意义进行讨论.10次交叉检验的结果表明:采用...  相似文献   
5.
本文以连平县气象局发生的一次701-C型测风雷达电子干扰为例,全面分析了排除干扰的整个过程,并在此基础上进一步讨论了基层台站如何正确处理雷达的电子干扰问题。  相似文献   
6.
黄辉军 《广东气象》2000,(Z2):30-32
现代防雷工程是一个系统工程。由于闪电的电磁脉冲无孔不入地从空间各方面袭击各种现代化电子设备,所以现代的防雷技术措施必须采取全方位的防护办法,设置多道防线,多个界面,层层设防,综合防护。而在现代防雷技术措施中,等电位连接是最为关键的环节之一。1 等电位与等电位连接 等电位是指需要防雷的空间内,雷击时系统中各部件不存在电位差。要达到这点很难,只能做到各部件之间的电位差相对缩小到低于介质击穿的程度。 等电位连接包含两方面的内容。一是把建筑物内,以及附近所有的大金属物,如混凝土钢筋、自来水管、煤气管及其它…  相似文献   
7.
Based on observed rainfall data, this study makes a composite analysis of rainfall asymmetry in tropical cyclones(TCs) after making landfall in Guangdong province(GD) during 1998—2015. There are 3.0 TCs per year on average making landfall in GD and west of GD(WGD) has the most landfall TCs. Most of TCs make landfall in June,July, August, and September at the intensities of TY, STS, and TS. On average, there is more rainfall in the southwest quadrant of TC in CGD(center of GD), WGD, and GD as a whole, and the maximum rainfall is located in the southwest near the TC center. The mean TC rainfall in the east of GD(EGD) leans to the eastern side of TC. The TC rainfall distributions in June, July, August, and September all lean to the southwest quadrant and the maximum rainfall is located in the southwest near the TC center. The same features are found in the mean rainfall of TD, TS, STS, TY,and STY. The maximum rainfall is mainly in the downshear of vertical wind shear. Vertical wind shear is probably the dominate factor that determines asymmetric rainfall distribution of TCs in GD. Storm motion has little connection with TC rainfall asymmetry in GD.  相似文献   
8.
目前数值模式对台风降水预报的准确率仍有待提高。为了评估深圳对流尺度集合预报系统对台风降水预报能力,选取了2015—2018年共14个影响广东台风个例,利用广东省2 300多个自动气象观测站的24小时累计降水观测资料,检验该系统的集合预报方法(含集合平均方法和概率匹配平均方法)和控制预报方法的24小时降水预报结果。(1)系统对台风24小时降水预报具有较好参考价值,三种方法的暴雨等级预报TS评分均达到0.39以上。(2)集合预报方法总体上优于控制预报方法,可改善珠江口两侧暴雨中心降水预报。其中集合平均方法总体预报效果最好,其降水预报均方根误差为38.1 mm,比控制预报方法减少18.8%,对暴雨等级预报TS评分为0.469比控制,预报方法提升20.1%,但是对特大暴雨等级预报能力不足;而概率匹配平均方法改善了小雨和特大暴雨的预报能力。(3)系统对较强台风的降水预报能力优于弱台风。在较强台风情形下,系统对粤东暴雨中心降水预报明显偏小且控制预报方法偏差最大,其他地方降水预报偏大为主;在弱台风情形下,系统对降水预报存在明显系统性偏大,但对粤西暴雨中心降水预报明显偏小且控制预报偏差最大。   相似文献   
9.
Using the 2006 Global Emissions Data and 2011 NCEP Final Analysis data as the initial and boundary condition, we simulated the three-dimensional distribution of atmospheric chemical pollutants (such as sea salt, PM10, COx, SO2, NOx, O3, etc) during the onset stage of South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon from 25 April to 25 May in 2011 over the monsoon area of 70°–160°E, 0°–40°N. Simulation results shows that, many changes have taken place in the distribution of atmospheric chemical pollutants near 950 hPa and 400 hPa due to the enhancement of the westerlies and southerlies over the SCS as a result of the monsoon outbreak. Especially, the concentration of pollutants over the SCS is much higher than that over other places because of the strong wind convergence near the surface in situ. Moreover, the vertical distribution of pollutants is also greatly affected by the westerlies and southerlies in the onset process of SCS summer monsoon. Meanwhile, the concentration over land is much greater than that at sea in pre-monsoon period, while the difference between land and sea in the concentration of most pollutants decreases greatly with the onset of SCS summer monsoon.  相似文献   
10.
根据1985—2004年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,采用HYSPLIT扩散模式和虚拟源方法,模拟分析了珠江三角洲大气污染物的空间和时间分布状况,初步讨论了珠江三角洲大气输送和扩散的季节特征,及其长期变化趋势。结果表明:珠江三角洲大气的输送和扩散有明显的季节变化特征,春、夏季大气污染物汇聚区位于珠江三角洲的西北侧,秋、冬季位于偏西侧;春、夏季的汇聚区明显强于秋、冬季。春、夏季大气分别向珠江三角洲西北和偏北方向的山区输送和扩散,而秋、冬季则沿着较为平坦的粤西海岸,向西南偏西方向输送和扩散。秋、冬季大气污染物的滞留时间明显比春、夏季短。1985—2004年大气输送和扩散能力存在年际差异,其中以2004年的输送和扩散能力最弱、1996年最强。  相似文献   
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