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孙圣杰  李栋梁 《气象学报》2019,77(1):100-110
采用美国NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,利用相关、合成分析、大气热源的计算等方法,研究了气候变暖背景下西太平洋副热带高压(副高)空间形态的变异及热力原因。结果表明,气候变暖前、后各层副高形态特征有很大的差异,副高体的空间形态从850—700 hPa开始显著西伸南扩,到500 hPa最为明显。各层副高在冷、暖期的形态差异与其周围大气热源和涡度的变化相对应。随着气候变暖,副高西侧和南侧的大气热源在850—700 hPa上开始有明显的加强,500 hPa热源加强最明显,且副高体南侧热源中心有所南移;同时,其西侧和南侧从对流层低层至中高层有反气旋涡度的增大,西侧的反气旋涡度在850—700 hPa增大最明显,南侧的反气旋涡度在500 hPa增大最明显,且反气旋中心整体南移。表明气候变暖后,副高体西侧和南侧大气热源的加强,导致相应区域反气旋涡度增大,副高体向反气旋涡度增大的方向发展,从而使副高西脊点西伸,南边界南扩,整体南移。   相似文献   
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By adopting characteristic index data for the Western Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH) from the National Climate Center of China, U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) sea surface temperature (SST) data, we studied the WPSH variability considering the background of climate warming by using a Gaussian filter, moving averages, correlation analysis, and synthetic analysis. Our results show that with climate warming over the past 60 years, significant changes in the WPSH include its enlarged area, strengthened intensity, westward extended ridge point and southward expanded southern boundary, as well as enhanced interannual fluctuations in all these indices. The western ridge point of the WPSH consistently varies with temperature changes in the Northern Hemisphere, but the location of the ridgeline varies independently. The intensity and area of the WPSH were both significantly increased in the late 1980s. Specifically, the western ridge point started to significantly extend westward in the early 1990s, and the associated interannual variability had a significant increase in the late 1990s; in addition, the ridgeline was swaying along the north-south-north direction, and the corresponding variability was also greatly enhanced in the late 1990s. With climate warming, the SST increase becomes more weakly correlated with the WPSH intensity enhancement but more strongly correlated with the westward extension of the ridge point in the equatorial central and eastern Pacific Ocean in winter, corresponding to an expanding WPSH in space. In the northern Pacific in winter, the SST decrease has a weaker correlation with the southerly location of the ridgeline but also a stronger correlation with the westward extension of the ridge point. In the tropical western Pacific in winter, the correlations of the SST decrease with the WPSH intensity enhancement, and the westward extension of the ridge point is strengthened. These observations can be explained by strengthened Hadley circulations, the dominant effects of the southward shift, and additional effects of the weakened ascending branch of the Walker circulation during warm climatological periods, which consequently lead to strengthened intensities, increased areas, and southward expansions of the WPSH in summer.  相似文献   
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采用国家气候中心的副高特征指数资料,美国NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和NOAA的海温资料,利用高斯滤波、滑动平均及相关、合成分析等方法,研究了气候冷暖波动背景下西太平洋副热带高压特征的变异及可能原因。结果表明,随着近60 a气候冷暖波动,副高最显著的变化特征为面积扩大、强度加强、脊点西伸、南界南扩,各指数的年际波动均有所加大。副高强度和西脊点与北半球温度变化具有较好的一致性,但脊线位置变化则相对独立,副高强度及其年际变率在1980年代末显著加强,西脊点在1990年代初显著西伸,其年际变率在1990年代末显著增强,脊线位置呈现北-南-北的摆动,其年际变率在1990年代末显著增强。随着气候变暖,赤道中东太平洋冬季海温升高与副高强度增强的关系有所减弱,与脊点西伸的关系则有所加强,范围扩大;北太平洋冬季海温降低与脊线位置南移的关系有所减弱,但与脊点西伸的关系则有所加强;热带西太平洋冬季海温降低与强度增强、脊点西伸的关系有所加强。气候偏暖期Hadley环流加强、南移的主导作用,以及Walker环流上升支减弱辅助作用,使夏季副高呈现强度加强、面积增大、南扩的特征。  相似文献   
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基于工程实践中研究斜坡桥基抗震加固的需要,设计并完成前后排抗滑桩加固滑坡桥基的振动台模型试验。通过加载不同频率、加速度峰值的正弦波,分析振动时桥墩基桩、抗滑桩的受力变形规律,探讨滑坡破坏发展过程和动力响应特性。试验结果显示,前后排抗滑桩均应与桥基保持合理距离,有利于桥墩基础的受力变形;受桥梁上部结构的动力影响,桥墩基桩应变沿桩深衰减,衰减速度与土体抗力相关;当后排抗滑桩开裂后,桩身应变骤降,桩后土压力出现卸荷效应,但抗滑桩仍有潜在的承载能力,同时滑坡从稳定性最差的区域开始破坏,逐渐产生频段耦合效应,在后排抗滑桩达到承载极限前,频段耦合效应显著,达到承载极限后,卸荷效应显著。  相似文献   
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低碳是海洋循环经济实现的重要途径,实现海洋渔业的碳平衡是海洋传统经济转变的重要发展方式。本文通过对2013—2022年全国及沿海9省(区)的海洋捕捞碳排放量与碳汇量测算,在此基础上分析了全国及沿海9省(区)的碳平衡状态,并利用灰色关联度分析碳平衡状态影响因素的关联度。结果表明除2020年-2022年山东省的碳平衡状态为盈余外,其他均为碳赤字状态。对于碳平衡状态的影响因素,总体来看全国与沿海9省(区)关联度较大的是海洋捕捞产量、捕捞人员数量和海水养殖面积。最后从加快渔船的升级改造与更新淘汰、调整捕捞的作业方式、提高海水养殖贝藻类的养殖规模以及加快渔业专业合作组织的建立和加速推广渔业碳汇交易提出相关对策建议,以期尽快地实现海洋渔业的碳平衡。  相似文献   
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