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利用淮河流域1979—2011年260个站点观测、ERA-Interim和NCEP/DOE再分析资料的日降水量数据,选用8个极端降水指数,从空间分布、发展趋势、时间变化等方面对比分析了我国江淮流域极端降水的变化规律,研究了再分析数据的适用性,结果表明:1)持续湿润指数(CWD)、强降水日数(R10mm,R20mm)以及百分位指数(R95p,R99p)具有一致的北少南多的分布特征,而持续干燥指数(CDD)为北多南少,且强度指数(Rx1day,Rx5day)和百分位指数在浙江沿海均有极大值存在。2)大部分地区的强降水日数呈减少趋势,仅在江淮周边地区有弱上升趋势。3)区域平均的降水强度指数具有上升的趋势变化,逐月变化具有先增长后减少的结构特征,5—6月的增长量最大,峰值出现在7月,在夏末、冬季有较明显的随年代增加的趋势,在秋季则随年代减少。4)再分析资料ERA-Interim和NCEP/DOE对不同指数的再现能力有所不同,ERA-Interim对强降水日数(R10mm)、CDD、百分位指数的空间分布以及CDD的变化趋势再现能力较好,与强度指数和百分位指数年际变化的相关性较高,但对CWD变化趋势分布特点的再现能力较弱;NCEP/DOE更善于再现较强降水日数(R20mm)的空间分布以及强度指数和百分位指数的线性变化趋势。5)两种再分析资料能合理地再现强降水日数(R10mm,R20mm)和CDD年际变化特征和强度指数的季节变化特征。 相似文献
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利用1979—2011年江淮流域的区域站点、NCEP/DOE和ERA-Interim再分析资料中的逐日最高、最低气温资料集,对比分析了近33 a江淮流域极端气温指数的时空变化特征,对再分析资料的再现能力进行检验和评估。结果表明:(1)近33 a来大部分极端气温指数及其趋势系数的空间分布都表现出南北向梯度分布特征,而极端最高、最低气温的极值区分布在长江三角洲地区;(2)夏日指数、作物生产指数、极端最高、极端最低、暖期长度指数和高百分位指数在年际变化中均有上升趋势,而且多次出现异常低值和异常高值;近10多年来,极端气温频率指数和百分位指数的年际变化趋势有所减缓;(3)月最高气温在近30 a中不断被突破,最低气温不断上升,而且高温天气日数也在不断增加,但低温日数逐渐减少;(4)再分析资料能较合理地再现大部分极端指数的时空变化和线性趋势特征,ERA-Interim比NCEP/DOE具有更好的再现能力。 相似文献
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Comparison of the multi-scale features in two persistent heavy rainfall events in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River 
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下载免费PDF全文 Two persistent heavy rainfall(PHR) events in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River(MLYR)occurring in June 1982 and 1998 are studied in this paper.Though both events happened in the Meiyu season,their large-scale background and developing processes were quite different.During the PHR event in 1982,the Lake Baikal area was occupied by a strong westerly trough and the western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH) was stronger and more westward-extending than the normal years.Under such a condition,the cold dry air and warm moist air were continuously transported to the MLYR and favored the PHR there.For the event in 1998,the WPSH was similar to that in 1982,while the westerly trough in the Lake Baikal area was comparatively weak and a shortwave trough situating in East China contributed to advect cold dry air to the MLYR.It is found that the high-latitude trough was closely related to the 1030-day low-frequency oscillation while the anomaly of WPSH was linked with the combined effect of both30 60- and 10 30-day low-frequency oscillations in the PHR event in 1982.By contrast,the 60-day low-pass perturbation demonstrated positive impact on the westward extension of WPSH and development of the Baikal trough while the 30 60-day oscillation played a role in strengthening the shortwave trough in East China and the WPSH in the case of 1998.Though the low-latitude 30 60-day oscillations contributed to the intensification and westward extension of the WPSH in both PHR events,their evolution exhibited evident differences.In the 1982 case,the 30 60-day anomalies originated from the western Indian Ocean were much more like the Madden Julian Oscillation,while its counterpart in the 1998 case was much more similar to the first mode of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation. 相似文献
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To investigate the multi-scale features in two persistent heavy rainfall (PHR) events in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLRYR) in June of 1982 and 1998, this study examines the impact of multi-scale oscillations in the north and south of 30°N on the PHR events by performing sensitivity experiments with the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model. It is found that the 60-day lowpass perturbation made a trivial contribution to the MLRYR precipitation during the PHR event in 1982. This PHR event resulted mainly from the combined effects of 30–60-day oscillation at low latitudes and 10–30-day oscillation at both high and low latitudes. The southwesterly anomalies associated with the 30–60-day anticyclonic anomaly over the northwestern Pacific facilitated moisture transport from the ocean to the MLRYR and enhanced the low-level convergence and ascending motion in the MLRYR. This similarly occurred in the 10–30-day oscillation as well. Moreover, the 10–30-day anomalies at high latitudes played a role in strengthening the large-scale low-level convergence over the MLRYR. The PHR event in 1998 was mainly related to the 60-day oscillation at both high and low latitudes and 30–60-day oscillation at low latitudes. The 60-day low-pass filtered anomalous cyclone at high latitudes in the north of 30°N contributed to the development of low-level convergence and ascending motion in northern MLRYR while the anomalous anticyclone at low latitudes in the south of 30°N not only increased the moisture in the MLRYR but also preconditioned the dynamical factors favorable for PHR over the whole area. The 30–60-day perturbations located north and south of 30°N worked together producing positive moisture anomaly in the MLRYR. In addition, the anomalous circulation in the south of 30°N tended to favor the development of ascending motion and low-level convergence in the MLRYR. 相似文献
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城市地区强降水发生频次和强度的增加容易诱发内涝现象,年径流总量控制率作为海绵城市的重要设计参数,更是直接受到降水变化的影响。以江苏省为例,利用全省70个国家级气象观测站1961—2019年最新的日降水量资料评估了气候变化对城市年径流总量控制率分区的影响。研究发现,有效降水的年代际变化十分明显,1991—2019年降水日数、降水量、降水强度均比其他时间段上更多、更强;太湖流域的设计雨量较小,连云港地区的设计雨量较大,南北差异随着控制率的提高而扩大,当控制率为85%时,全省设计雨量平均值为38.1 mm,最大值是最小值的1.7倍;气候变化对年径流总量控制率分区影响明显,江苏的苏南、江淮南部大部分地区的分区变大,导致全省IV区所占面积明显增加。不同等级降水的变化趋势是影响年径流控制率分区的关键因素,大雨以上的雨日、雨量在有效降水中占比增加,则分区变大。 相似文献
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利用苏州地区2011年12月20日—2012年8月13日的湍流观测资料对不同季节、高温、台风强天气过程下的湍流特征进行分析。结果表明:城市地区不同季节动量通量、感热通量、潜热通量日变化明显,各通量的夏季平均值、最大值均高于冬春季,夏季感热通量日最大值为160.2 W·m-2,感热在城市地表能量平衡中的作用大于潜热,各季节潜热通量平均值仅为感热通量的40%~45%。降水量和植被覆盖度影响地表能量平衡,尤其影响地表热量在感热和潜热之间的分配。在高温天气过程中,感热通量增加明显,其峰值约是夏季平均的1.93倍。由于水汽较少,潜热通量明显减少,约为夏季日平均值的60%。速度三分量谱中u谱与w谱在低频区存在两个峰值,说明在城市复杂下垫面里,湍流激发机制中存在低频过程的影响。在台风天气过程中,动量通量大且变化快,感热输送弱,潜热输送波动大。速度谱w基本不符合"-5/3"次律,惯性子区最小且向高频移动,这和台风内部的复杂上升下沉气流有关。 相似文献
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本文利用WRF模式,以25 km分辨率数值模拟结果作为驱动场,对江苏省现代和未来15 a的气候进行5 km高分辨率降尺度模拟及预估。结果显示,高分辨率降尺度模拟对其驱动场具有显著的提高,降水的负偏差和气温冷偏差均有所降低,其模拟的降水与气温概率分布与观测更为接近;对于极端指数,WRF模式能够模拟出其基本分布,除连续湿润日数CWD和极端高温TXx之外,高分辨率模拟对其他指数的模拟均有显著的提升。在RCP8.5排放情景下对未来气候变化的预估表明,江苏降水在夏季以减少为主,在春季则以增加为主,全年平均降水存在减少趋势;未来0~1 mm·d^(-1)的微弱降水发生概率将增加,小雨、中到大雨以及暴雨发生的概率均降低,而暴雨强度的增强导致极端强降水R95显著增加;气温25℃以上高温发生的概率在未来有所增加,而0℃以下的低温发生概率减小,从而导致暖持续日数显著增加,而冷持续日数减小,另外,极端高温和极端低温都有显著的升高。 相似文献
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