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1.
The consistency of global atmospheric mass and water budget performance in 20 state-of-the-art ocean–atmosphere Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) coupled models has been assessed in a historical experiment. All the models realistically reproduce a climatological annual mean of global air mass (AM) close to the ERA-Interim AM during 1989–2005. Surprisingly, the global AM in half of the models shows nearly no seasonal variation, which does not agree with the seasonal processes of global precipitable water or water vapor, given the mass conservation constraint. To better understand the inconsistencies, we evaluated the seasonal cycles of global AM tendency and water vapor source (evaporation minus precipitation). The results suggest that the inconsistencies result from the poor balance between global AM tendency and water vapor source based on the global AM budget equation. Moreover, the cross-equatorial dry air mass ?ux, or hemispheric dry mass divergence, is not well represented in any of the 20 CMIP5 models, which show a poorly matched seasonal cycle and notably larger amplitude, compared with the hemispheric tendencies of dry AM in both the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere. Pronounced erroneous estimations of tropical precipitation also occur in these models. We speculate that the large inaccuracy of precipitation and possibly evaporation in the tropics is one of the key factors for the inconsistent cross-equatorial mass ?ux. A reasonable cross-equatorial mass ?ux in well-balanced hemispheric air mass and moisture budgets remains a challenge for both reanalysis assimilation systems and climate modeling. 相似文献
2.
利用1980—2010年共31个冬季的GODAS海洋同化资料,以5~366 m次表层海温构造西太平洋暖池区域的热含量,分析了冬季西太平洋暖池次表层热含量的时空特征、持续性以及对其邻近区域的气候异常影响,结果表明:(1)整体一致性分布是冬季西太暖池区次表层热含量年际变化的主导模态,其时间系数的年际振荡较好地代表了暖池区次表层热状况的年际异常。暖池区热含量的变化与ENSO事件联系密切,它能保持超前两季以上的显著自相关,持续性较赤道中东太平洋海温异常更为稳定。(2)冬季暖池区热含量异常对后期春、夏季暖池热状况产生持续影响,相应的暖水体积变化导致暖水的经向输送及垂直交换,对后期春夏两季暖池及邻近区域尤其是菲律宾海的表层海温、海表热通量变化有较大影响。(3)冬季暖池区热含量上升对应春季菲律宾海以东洋面OLR数值下降以及降水偏多,所引起的对流活动加热异常导致热带及副热带西北太平洋位势等压面抬升,进而对西太副高产生影响。之后,此区域相应的海表热通量交换加强,对流层低层形成强大的异常气旋,海气相互作用加强,加上对流加热异常,使得冬季暖池热含量异常与夏季副热带高压变化联系更加紧密。因此冬季暖池区热含量可作为春、夏季西太副高变化和西北太平洋夏季风强度的有效预测因子。 相似文献
3.
夏季东亚季风区Hadley环流上升支结构异常及其对长江流域降水的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
利用ECMWF最新发布的Interim再分析资料,计算了东亚季风区Hadley环流质量流函数,并使用EOF分解、相关分析及合成分析等统计方法,分析了夏季东亚季风区Hadley环流上升支结构的异常特征及其对我国长江流域降水的影响。发现夏季东亚季风区Hadley环流上升支具有独特的双上升中心结构,两上升中心的位置分别对应东亚夏季风系统中的两条辐合带——热带季风槽及梅雨锋。上升支的主要异常模态表现为两个上升中心“跷跷板”型的反相异常。与梅雨锋对应的副热带上升中心强度与长江流域降水呈正相关关系,即当其偏强时,长江流域降水偏多,反之亦然。副热带支偏强时,低层西太平洋副热带高压偏南导致气流在长江流域异常辐合,其异常西南风水汽输送使得长江流域有异常水汽辐合,高层气流在长江流域异常辐散。同时鄂霍次克海附近阻塞活动偏强,东亚沿海地区500 hPa高度场出现“+-+”的经向异常型。这些异常型均有利于长江流域的降水。 相似文献
4.
该文利用1983--2012年ERA—INTERIM风场的月平均资料以及中国160站月降水资料（1983-2012年）,研究Hadley环流的季节和年际变化特征,我国东部地区夏季降水分布及北半球春季Hadley环流强度与我国东部地区夏季降水的关系。结果表明：Hadley环流存在明显的季节变化特征,北半球环流强度在冬季最强,夏季时最弱,并且环流强度越强时,范围就越大;Hadley环流强度各季节年际变化较明显,而年代际变化秋季较明显。春季HMley环流强度与我国华南地区、长江流域地区和华北地区夏季降水呈“负正负”的相关关系。利用合成分析的得到的结果与其相一致。 相似文献
5.
Using the 1980-2010 winter GODAS oceanic assimilations, study is conducted of the winter heat content (HC) established in the subsurface layer (5 to 366 m in depth) over the western Pacific warm pool (WP), followed by investigating the HC spatiotemporal characteristics, persistence and the impacts on the climate anomalies of neighboring regions. Results are as follows: 1) the pattern of integral consistency is uncovered by the leading EOF1 (PC1) mode of HC interannual variability, the year-to-year fluctuation of the time coefficients being well indicative of the interannual anomaly of the WP winter subsurface-layer thermal regime. The HC variation is bound up with ENSO, keeping pronounced autocorrelation during the following two seasons and more, with the persistence being more stable in comparison to SSTA in the equatorial middle eastern Pacific; 2) the winter HC anomalies produce lasting effect on the WP thermal state in the following spring and summer and corresponding changes in the warm water volume lead to the meridional transport and vertical exchange of warm water, which exerts greater impacts upon the sea surface temperature/heat flux over the warm pool per se and neighboring regions, especially in the Philippine Sea during the posterior spring and summer; 3) the increase in the winter HC corresponds to the spring OLR decrease and richer precipitation over the waters east to the Philippine Sea and the resultant convective heating anomalies are responsible for the rise of geopotential isobaric surfaces over tropical and subtropical western North Pacific, thereby producing effect on the western Pacific subtropical high (anomaly). Subsequently, the sea-surface heat flux exchange is intensified in the warm pool, a robust anomalous cyclone shows up at lower levels, air-sea interactions are enhanced and abnormal convective heating occurs, together making the winter HC anomalies even more closely associated with the variation in the summer subtropical high. As a result, the WP winter HC can be used as an effective predictor of the variation in spring/summer western Pacific subtropical high and the strength of summer monsoon over the northwestern Pacific. 相似文献
6.
LOCALIZED HADLEY CIRCULATION AND ITS LINKAGE TO PACIFIC SSTA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The 1979-2001 ERA-40 monthly mean meridional winds are used to calculate the mass streamfunctions in the monsoon region (60-140° E) and Nio zone (160° E-120° W),with which the climate characteristics and intensity variation of the localized Hadley circulation (LHC) are analyzed over the two regions and the linkage of this LHC to Pacific SST is explored.Evidence suggests as follows.1) The climatological LHC is stronger in the monsoon than in the Nio zone,with its position in the former northward of the lat... 相似文献
7.
4—5月南亚高压重建过程与中南半岛对流活动的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、NOAA的OLR资料及CMAP降水资料,研究了1979—2008年历年4—5月南亚高压在中南半岛上空建立过程的特征,发现有21年存在西部中心生成加强与东部中心减弱消亡共同进行的过程,称为南亚高压的重建过程。南亚高压重建过程存在明显的年际差异,根据重建开始时间可分为重建正常年、偏早年及偏晚年。重建正常年,重建之前,对流活动中心在中南半岛南面的海洋大陆一带,到重建阶段,对流伸向中南半岛。南亚高压重建偏早年,对流推进至中南半岛上空的时间偏早;而重建偏晚年则刚好相反。说明南亚高压重建过程与中南半岛上空的对流活动有密切关系。南亚高压重建时,中南半岛的对流活动带来充沛的降水,释放出大量的凝结潜热。已有研究表明在由冬向夏的演变过程中,南亚高压表现出"趋热性",因此,对流降水释放的凝结潜热可能是南亚高压在中南半岛上空重建的原因。 相似文献
8.
Due to the topography and local nonuniform distribution of heating, extratropical cyclones in the lower troposphere usually have complex shapes and structures, and there remain some uncertainties in identifying them. Using a modified cyclone area automatic objective recognition algorithm for cyclones, we investigated the patterns of spring cyclone activities affecting Changjiang River-Huaihe River valleys (CHV) of China during the previous 37 years. The results indicated that the algorithm performs well in reproducing the cyclogenesis, movement, and cyclolysis of cyclones in CHV. Three new perspectives were noted. (1) Most influential cyclones have relatively short travel distances and lifetimes, they are typically excluded when conducting synoptic-scale cyclone tracking. (2) The cyclogenesis location of influential cyclones in spring displays multi-source characteristics. In particular, the influential cyclones originated in northern China account for 43% with more marked mobility compared to the locally generated cyclones, although most of their centers do not enter CHV. (3) Multi-center cyclones appear mainly in Da Hinggan Mountains which is on the east side of the Mongolian Plateau and over the East China Sea. These cyclones are relatively large in horizontal scale and have relatively long lifetimes. 相似文献
9.
春季欧亚大陆积雪对春夏季南北半球大气质量交换的可能影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文基于春季欧亚雪盖资料与大气再分析资料的奇异值分解(SVD)分析结果,结合数值试验,研究了春季欧亚大陆积雪变化与春、夏季南北半球大气质量交换的联系。研究表明,当春季欧亚积雪异常偏多时,同期欧亚大陆中高纬大范围地区的地面气温异常偏低,这种冷却效应可能持续至夏季,同时,冷空气的堆积造成了欧亚大陆地表气压(气柱大气质量)的增加,并且对应了夏季北半球大气总质量的异常上升,而南半球大气质量却明显下降。分析发现,春季欧亚积雪异常与夏季南北半球际大气质量涛动存在显著的滞后相关,而且前者还与同期及后期包括索马里急流和对流层上部80°E~120°E区域高空急流在内的多处越赤道气流变化联系密切。从数值模拟结果分析发现,以改变春季初始积雪状况作为驱动,欧亚大陆中高纬地区的低层大气环流出现了显著响应,即当积雪增加时,同期及其后夏季地面气温显著降低,并且冷异常区域对应着气柱质量的异常升高。 相似文献
10.
利用NCEP／NCAR再分析资料及NOAA的OLR资料，研究了春季南亚高压在中南半岛上空建立与500hPa副高在孟加拉湾上空断裂的关系。结果表明，南亚高压建立之前，对流从“海洋大陆”向北推进，首先在中南半岛建立；而孟加拉湾地区由于青藏高原感热作用在对流层中低层形成一个反Hadley环流型的局地经圈环流，15°N附近500—700hPa有下沉运动中心，它抑制了孟加拉湾对流的建立，也不利于500hPa副高带断裂。南亚高压在中南半岛建立之后，位于高压中心西南侧的孟加拉湾上空出现一个强的辐散中心，孟加拉湾地区15°N附近的下沉运动消失，对流发展起来，降水量增加并释放大量潜热，非绝热加热中心位于500hPa，此时副高脊线断裂。因此，高层南亚高压建立所产生的辐散运动很可能对孟加拉湾上空500hPa副高带断裂及对流建立起到了触发作用。 相似文献