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We set four sets of simulation experiments to explore the impacts of horizontal resolution (HR) and vertical resolution (VR) on the microphysical structure and boundary layer fluxes of tropical cyclone (TC) Hato (2017). The study shows that higher HR tends to strengthen TC. Increasing VR in the upper layers tends to weaken TC, while increasing VR in the lower layers tends to strengthen TC. Simulated amounts of all hydrometeors were larger with higher HR. Increasing VR at the upper level enhanced the mixing ratios of cloud ice and cloud snow, while increasing VR at the lower level elevated the mixing ratios of graupel and rainwater. HR has greater impact on the distributions of hydrometeors. Higher HR has a more complete ring structure of the eyewall and more concentrated hydrometeors along the cloud wall. Increasing VR at the lower level has little impact on the distribution of TC hydrometeors, while increasing VR at the upper level enhances the cloud thickness of the eyewall area. Surface latent heat flux (SLHF) is influenced greatly by resolution. Higher HR leads to larger water vapor fluxes and larger latent heat, which would result in a stronger TC. A large amount of false latent heat was generated when HR was too high, leading to an extremely strong TC, VR has a smaller impact on SLHF than HR. But increasing VR at the upper-level reduces the SLHF and weakens TC, and elevating VR at the lower-level increases the SLHF and strengthens TC. The changes in surface water vapor flux and SLHF were practically identical and the simulation results were improved when HR and VR were more coordinated. The friction velocity was greater with higher VR. Enhancing VR at the lower level increased the friction velocity, while increasing VR at the upper level reduced it.  相似文献   
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利用1998—2013年热带测雨卫星(TRMM)3A12资料,对南海及其周边地区降水、云和潜热的三维特征及其变化进行了对比研究,把南海及其周边地区分为四个区域:华南地区、中南半岛、马来群岛、南海。结果表明:(1)地面降水率EOF分析的第一、二模态方差贡献率分别为57.16%和8.72%,第一模态向量场均为正值,降水呈现南多北少的分布特征;第二模态向量场体现了降水变化南北反相的特征,马来群岛降水变化与其他三个区域反相。从两个模态时间系数序列看出,1998—2005年整个区域降水总体减少,区域降水北部增多南部减少;2005—2013年整个区域降水总体增多,区域降水南部增多北部减少。(2)南海及其周边地区降水夏秋季多,春冬季少,降水中心春夏季北移,秋冬季南撤,其中马来群岛夏季降水最少,冬季最多;其它三个区域都是夏季降水最多,华南和中南半岛冬季最少,南海春季最少。(3)赤道附近对流降水为主,23 °N以北区域层云降水为主,5~23 °N之间区域两种类型降水比例随季节变化,其中陆地降水比例随季节变化明显,特别是华南地区陆地夏季对流降水比例大于50%,冬季层云降水比例大于80%;海洋对流降水所占比例普遍大于50%,随季节变化小。(4)云冰、云水含量水平分布大值区与降水大值区相对应;二者随高度先增加后减少,云冰在13 km高度达到最大值,云水在2.5 km高度达到最大。春冬季,马来群岛云冰含量最大;夏秋季,南海云冰含量最大。云水含量在四个季节都以南海最大。(5)潜热加热率水平分布大值区与降水大值区相对应;随高度呈双峰分布,峰值分别出现在1~2 km高度和4 km高度处,春冬季马来群岛潜热加热率最大。   相似文献   
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利用WRF模式,研究了模式水平和垂直网格分辨率对台风“天鸽”(2017)模拟的影响。结果表明:水平分辨率的改变会对台风路径造成一定的影响,这种影响与改变水平分辨率以后所引起的台风强度和结构的变化有关。使用更高的水平分辨率时模拟的台风强度往往更强。此外,改变垂直分辨率对台风的路径模拟也有一定的影响。采用双曲正切的垂直分层方法,提高垂直层数,模式大气的垂直分辨率都有增加,但是在低层和高层垂直分辨率的增加更大。低层和高层垂直分辨率增加,模拟的台风强度增强。模式的水平分辨率和垂直分辨率之间匹配才能比较好地模拟台风,双向嵌套模式在提高嵌套层数的同时也要增加模式的垂直分辨率。台风强度和结构变化密切相关,台风强度增强的重要原因是台风云墙随着分辨率的增加更加陡峭,垂直风速随着水平分辨率的提高逐渐增强。   相似文献   
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