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近地层O3和CO2浓度变化对冬小麦影响的数值模拟：Ⅱ模拟结果和分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
针对CO2和O3浓度变化对冬小麦影响,改进了农田生态系统碳氮生物化学模型(DNDC),并利用模型模拟了O3和CO2浓度变化对冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响,检验了模型的模拟效果.通过对原DNDC模型适用性的调整,使之适用于固城站,为进一步改进作物模型打下了可靠的基础.通过试验资料验证表明,模型较好地反映了O3和CO2浓度变化对冬小麦生长发育和产量形成的影响.通过敏感性分析得出,模型对温度变化反映灵敏;在CO2浓度倍增情况下,O3浓度变化对冬小麦的复合影响分析看出,一定浓度范围内,CO2可缓解O3对作物影响的负效应,O3对CO2带来的正效应有削弱作用. 相似文献
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农业气象灾害影响评估和防御技术研究进展 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
为解决我国16亿人口的食物安全问题,最根本的措施是进行一次新的农业科技革命,依靠科技创新使农业生产力水平实现质的飞跃,开展农业气象灾害的影响评估和防御技术研究,提高其技术水平,便是一项必不可少的措施之一。为此,通过对农业气象灾害影响评估的分析,找出其相应防御技术和措施。 相似文献
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农业气象灾害影响评估和防御技术研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为解决我国16亿人口的食物安全问题，最根本的措施是进行一次新的农业科技革命，依靠科技创新使农业生产力水平实现质的飞跃，开展农业气象灾害的影响评估和防御技术研究，提高其技术水平，便是一项必不可少的措施之一。为此，通过对农业气象灾害影响评估的分析，找出其相应防御技术和措施。 相似文献
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WOFOST模型是利用计算机技术对不同生产水平下一年生作物的生长发育和产量形成进行定量分析的模拟模型,学者在WOFOST模型以及模型应用方面做了大量研究,总结WOFOST模型在我国的应用研究成果,可为保障粮食安全和农业的可持续发展提供技术支撑。本文采用分类归纳法,简要阐述了WOFOST模型在我国的应用研究历程及进展,应用研究主要涉及对WOFOST模型参数的敏感性分析、模型的适用性分析、模型的改进以及对模型的应用等4个方面。针对模型应用中存在的薄弱环节及发展所需,加强对模型参数的敏感性分析、加强对模型的本地化应用或改进、加强对模型参数的升尺度研究、加强模型与多学科多技术融合4个方面将是今后WOFOST模型的研究重点。 相似文献
5.
臭氧对作物影响的模型研究概述 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
近年来，在大量试验研究的基础上，有关臭氧(O3)对作物影响的研究重点为如何建立有效的模型，以评估和预测O3对作物产量和农业造成的损失。文中介绍了有关臭氧对作物影响模型的研究概况，将模型分为3类：统计模型、光化学模型和机理模型；在分析各类模型局限性的基础上，指出O3对作物影响的模型研究将向模块化、普遍化方向发展，形成综合、全面的模型，并讨论了我国相关研究的发展方向。 相似文献
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Numerical Simulation Study on the Impacts of Tropospheric and CO_2 Concentration Changes on Winter Wheat. Part I: Model Description 
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下载免费PDF全文 Ozone is well documented as the air pollutant most damaging to agricultural crops and other plants. It is reported that tropospheric O3 concentration increases rapidly in recent 20 years. Evaluating and predicting impacts of ozone concentration changes on crops are drawing great attention in the scientific community. In China, main study method about this filed is controlled experiments, for example, Open Top Chambers. But numerical simulation study about impacts of ozone on crops with crop model was developed slowly, what is more, the study about combined impacts of ozone and carbon dioxide has not been reported. The improved agroecosystem model is presented to evaluate simultaneously impacts of tropospheric O3 and CO2 concentration changes on crops in the paper by integrating algorithms about impacts of ozone on photosynthesis with an existing agroecosystem biogeochemical model (named as DNDC). The main physiological processes of crop growth (phenology, leaf area index, photosynthesis, respiration, assimilated allocation and so on) in the former DNDC are kept. The algorithms about impacts of ozone on photosynthesis and winter wheat leaf are added in the modified DNDC model in order to reveal impacts of ozone and carbon dioxide on growth, development, and yield formation of winter wheat by coupling the simulation about impacts of carbon dioxide on photosynthesis of winter wheat which exists in the former DNDC. In the paper, firstly assimilate allocation algorithms and some genetic parameters (such as daily thermal time of every development stage) were modified in order that DNDC can be applicable in North China. Secondly impacts of ozone on crops were simulated with two different methods- one was impacts of ozone on light use efficiency, and the other was direct effects of ozone on leaves photosynthesis. The latter simulated results are closer to experiment measurements through comparing their simulating results. At last the method of direct impacts of ozone on leaf growth is adopted and the coefficients about impacts of ozone on leaf growth and death are ascertained. Effects of climate changes, increasing ozone, and carbon dioxide concentration on agroecosystem are tried to be simulated numerically in the study which is considered to be advanced and credible. 相似文献
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The 2015/2016 El Ni?o event reached the threshold of super El Ni?o event, and was comparable to the super events in 1982/1983 and 1997/1998. Interestingly, the tropical cyclones(TCs) were found to have very late onsets in the decaying years of the super El Ni?o events. This study discusses the causes of late TC onsets related with atmospheric circulation, disturbance sources and trigger mechanisms. The analysis shows that the western North Pacific subtropical high(WNPSH) from January–June during the decaying years of the super El Ni?o events were stronger than the climatic mean, which resulted in a relatively stable atmospheric state by inhibiting deep convection. As a disturbance source, the April–June intertropical convergence zone(ITCZ) during the decaying years of the super El Ni?o events were significantly weaker than its climatic mean. The cross-equatorial flow and monsoon trough, as important TC generation triggers, were weaker from April–June during the decaying years of the super El Ni?o events, which further reduced the probability of TC generation. As for the late TC onsets, the role of atmospheric circulation anomalies(i.e., subtropical-high, the ITCZ, cross-equatorial flow, and monsoon trough) were more important. The cross-equatorial flow may take as predictor of TC onsets in the decaying years of the super El Ni?o events. 相似文献
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在考虑土壤水分和降水对冬小麦各生长发育阶段影响不同的基础上,构建了冬小麦水分适宜度计算方法,结合冬小麦温度适宜度和日照适宜度计算模型,建立了冬小麦气候适宜度计算模型.利用不同时段的气候适宜度与冬小麦气象产量的关系,采用加权平均构建了冬小麦播种至某一发育阶段的气候适宜指数.利用历史气候适宜指数最大值、平均值、最小值和冬小麦观测试验资料,建立了冬小麦播种至某一发育阶段的气候适宜程度诊断阈值;并利用该阈值,建立了冀、鲁、豫地区冬小麦播种至某一发育阶段的气候适宜、基本适宜和不太适宜诊断指标,对提升农业气象定量评价服务具有十分重要的意义. 相似文献
9.
Numerical Simulation Study on the Impacts of Tropospheric O_3 and CO_2 Concentration Changes on Winter Wheat. Part Ⅱ: Simulation Results and Analyses 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, the enrichment of tropospheric ozone and carbon dioxide concentration at striking rates has caused effects on biosphere, especially on crops. It is generally accepted that the increase of CO2 concentration will have obverse effects on plant productivity while ozone is reported as the air pollutant most damaging to agricultural crops and other plants. The Model of Carbon and Nitrogen Biogeochemistry in Agroecosystems (DNDC) was adapted to evaluate simultaneously impacts of climate change on winter wheat. Growth development and yield formation of winter wheat under different O3 and CO2 concentration conditions are simulated with the improved DNDC model whose structure has been described in another paper. Through adjusting the DNDC model applicability, winter wheat growth and development in Gucheng Station were simulated well in 1993 and 1999, which is in favor of modifying the model further. The model was validated against experiment observation, including development stage data, leaf area index, each organ biomass, and total aboveground biomass. Sensitivity tests demonstrated that the simulated results in development stage and biomass were sensitive to temperature change. The main conclusions of the paper are the following: 1) The growth and yield of winter wheat under CO2 concentration of 500 ppmv, 700 ppmv and the current ozone concentration are simulated respectively by the model. The results are well fitted with the observed data of OTCs experiments. The results show that increase of CO2 concentration may improve the growth of winter wheat and elevate the yield. 2) The growth and yield of winter wheat under O3 concentration of 50 ppbv, 100 ppbv, 200 ppbv and the based concentration CO2 are simulated respectively by the model. The simulated curves of stem, leaf, and spike organs growth as well as leaf area index are well accounted with the observed data. The results reveal that ozone has negative effects on the growth and yield of winter wheat. Ozone accelerates the process of leaf senescence and causes yield loss. Under very high ozone concentration, crops are damaged dramatically and even dead. 3) At last, by the model possible effects of air temperature change and combined effects of O3 and CO2 are estimated respectively. The results show that doubled CO2 concentration may alleviate negative effect of O3 on biomass and yield of winter wheat when ozone concentration is about 70-80 ppbv. The obverse effects of CO2 are less than the adverse effects of O3 when the concentration of ozone is up to 100 ppbv. Future work should determine whether it can be applied to other species by adjusting the values of related parameters, and whether the model can be adapted to predict ozone effects on crops in farmland environment. 相似文献
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