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Analysis of the impact of conservation measures on stream flow regime in catchments of the Loess Plateau,China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Catchments in the Loess Plateau have been under the influence of human activities for centuries. In the last four decades, soil conservation measures have accelerated and intensified. These measures were designed to reduce soil erosion, improve agricultural productivity, and enhance environmental quality. It is important to evaluate the effects of these measures on hydrology in order to develop sustainable catchment management plans in the region. This study evaluated changes in stream flow data for four selected catchments in the Loess Plateau following large‐scale soil conservation measures. The non‐parametric Mann–Kendall test was used to identify trends in annual stream flow and the results showed significant downward trends in three of the four catchments. The Pettitt test indicated that a change point occurred in 1978 in these three catchments. Annual precipitation in all the catchments showed no significant trend during the period of record. Comparison of daily flow duration curves for two 20‐year periods (1957–1978) and (1979–2003) showed significant changes in stream flow regime. Reduction in most percentile flows varied between 20 and 45%, and the reduction in low flows was greatest. Overall, the reductions in daily flow were increasing with time, with significant changes occurring in the 1990s. However, it is not clear whether these catchments have seen the full effects of the soil conservation measures, so the results of this study might underestimate the final impact of soil conservation on stream flow regime. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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在系统评估青藏高原积雪观测典型气象站历史定位坐标精度基础上,利用站点雪深资料对NOAA IMS 4 km和1 km分辨率雪冰产品在青藏高原的精度和适用性进行了验证和评估,定量分析了IMS 4 km到1 km空间分辨率提高和气象站历史定位与GPS定位坐标之间的差异对青藏高原IMS积雪监测精度的影响。结果表明：青藏高原个别气象站历史坐标与当前GPS接收机定位之间存在较大的差异,如安多气象站经度偏小0.6°,纬度偏大0.08°。IMS 4 km雪冰产品在青藏高原的总精度介于76.4%~83.2%,平均为80.1%,积雪分类精度介于35.8%~60.7%,平均为47.2%,平均误判率为17.1%,平均漏判率为45.5%,总体上呈现地面观测的积雪日数越多、平均雪深越大,其总体监测精度越低,而积雪分类精度越高的特点。IMS分辨率从4 km到1 km总体精度平均提高了2.9%,积雪分类精度平均提高了0.9%,主要是由于个别站点的精度提升较大引起的,对高原多数台站积雪监测精度的改进和提升很小。除个别台站外,目前气象站历史坐标和GPS定位坐标之间的差异,对IMS 4 km积雪监测精度验证结果没有影响。然而,今后随着卫星遥感技术的发展,更高时空分辨率的遥感积雪产品将用于积雪监测和研究,精确的地面观测站坐标信息是对这些遥感数据开展精度验证与实际应用的前提。 相似文献
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2008年10月6日16时30分在西藏拉萨市当雄县（北纬29°48′,东经90°21′）发生了Ms6．6级地震,而在1992年7月30日16时24分在拉萨市尼木县（北纬29°35′,东经90°15′）曾发生过Ms6．5级地震。上述2次地震发生在同一活动构造带上,地震类型相同,震级、震源深度也相差不大,但2次地震造成的灾害损失却相差很大。作者在地震现场调查的基础上,对比分析了这2次地震的人员伤亡和震害情况,探讨了造成地震灾害损失轻重的主要因素。 相似文献
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青藏高原土壤水热状况对气候变化和植被退化方面的研究具有重要意义,土壤湿度的准确刻画还会影响到数值预报模式对当地及其下游地区降水的模拟能力。为此,采用中国科学院那曲高寒气候环境观测研究站安多观测点2014年1—12月的土壤温度、土壤湿度观测资料以及同期安多气象站观测数据,分析了青藏高原那曲中部不同深度土壤温湿度的分布特征及其与气温、降水量等气象要素的关系。结果表明：土壤温度在浅层为正弦曲线,随着土壤深度的增加,曲线逐渐接近直线。土壤升温迅速而降温过程缓慢。封冻和解冻日期随土壤深度的增加而推迟,封冻期逐渐缩短。不同层次土壤湿度日内变化较小。月变化呈单峰型结构,峰值和谷值基本出现在8月和12月。土壤湿度上升速率较下降速率缓慢。区域尺度上GLDAS-NOAH资料显示出类似的变化特征。土壤温湿度在一年中的变化不一致,但土壤温湿度呈显著正相关。浅层土壤的温度梯度明显大于深层;浅层土壤湿度最大,中间层较大,深层土壤湿度最小。随着干季向湿季的转换,由于太阳辐射的增加,非绝热加热呈增加的趋势。土壤湿度与气象要素在不同时段的相关性存在一些差异,但总体上土壤湿度与气温、降水量和相对湿度呈正相关,与风速、日照时数相关性不显著。 相似文献
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为了研究拉萨拉鲁湿地夏季和秋季浮游藻类群落结构特征,评价和预测水环境质量的变化趋势,2009年6月～2011年10月,在拉鲁湿地内的5个采样点,分4批采集水样40个,通过活体观察和固定染色方法鉴定浮游藻类的物种,用直接计数法统计浮游藻类的数量,分析该湿地夏季和秋季浮游藻类群落特征。结果显示,在拉鲁湿地共鉴定出浮游藻类230种(包括25个未定名物种),隶属于8门12纲21目43科94属;优势种类有22种,其中,夏季有绿藻门4种、硅藻门6种、蓝藻门2种和隐藻门1种,秋季有绿藻门6种、硅藻门4种和黄藻门1种;水体pH和盐度分别是夏季和秋季对拉鲁湿地浮游藻类群落结构影响最大的环境因子。 相似文献
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应用流量历时曲线分析黄土高原水利水保措施对河川径流的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
流量历时曲线（Flow Duration Curve,FDC）是用于分析流域径流特征及其变化的有效方法之一。以长序列日流量为基础,采用FDC方法并结合各流域的径流量时间变化趋势分析方法,研究了黄土高原佳芦河、秃尾河、延河和湫水河等4条流域流量变化的基本特征;通过临界年份前后两个时段序列及不同年代序列的流量历时曲线变化的比较,分析了流域径流过程对大面积水土保持措施的响应。结果表明：随水土保持措施累积面积的不断增大,佳芦河、湫水河、秃尾河的径流量逐年减少,且水土保持措施对高流量部分径流减少的程度较低流量部分大,尤以工程措施为主的湫水河流量减少最明显。在延河流域,与临界年份前的时段相比,后期的高流量部分的径流量减小,而常水和低流量部分的径流量相对增大。尽管流域水土流失综合治理并未使河川径流量增加,但由于高流量部分流量的减少程度较低流量部分径流量减少程度大,从而使流域年内日径流量变化过程趋于均匀化。 相似文献
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ZHANG Xiaoxu LIN Bin TANG Juxing HE Liang LIU Zhibo WANG Qin SHAO Rui DU Qiu SILANG Wangdui CIREN Ouzhu GUSANG Quzhen CIDAN Zhongga 《《地质学报》英文版》2022,96(4):1221-1236
The Mamupu skarn-type Cu-Au polymetallic deposit represents the first discovery of a medium deposit in the southern Yulong porphyry copper belt (YPCB), eastern Tibet. The Cu-Au mineralization mainly occurs as chalcopyrite in breccia, within the plate-like carbonate interlayer, being closely related to chloritization (e.g., chlorite, magnetite and epidote) and skarnization (e.g., diopside, tremolite and garnet). The ore-related quartz syenite porphyry (QSP) and granodiorite porphyry (GP) were emplaced at 40.1 ± 0.2 Ma and 39.9 ± 0.3 Ma, respectively. The QSP of Mamupu is an alkaline-rich intrusion, relatively enriched in LREE, LILE, depleted in HFSE, with no significant negative Eu and Ce anomalies, slightly high (87Sr/86Sr)i, low εNd(t), uniform (206Pb/204Pb)i and εHf(t) values, which indicates that the porphyry magma may be caused by both the mixing of metasomatized EM II enriched mantle and thickened juvenile lower crust. The QSP in the Mamupu deposit shares a similar genesis of petrology to other ore-related porphyries within the YPCB. High oxygen fugacity and water content of the magmas are essential for the formation of porphyry and skarn Cu deposits. The QSP has similar high magmatic oxidation states and water content to the Yulong deposit, which indicates that the Mamupu has a high prospecting potential. Differences in the geological characteristics and scale of mineralization between the Mamupu and other YPCB deposits may be due to the different emplacement depths of ore-related intrusions, as well as differences in the surrounding rocks. 相似文献
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利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和常规观测资料,对2013年1-2月西藏高原南部3次暴雪天气的环流形势、动力、水汽条件等进行诊断对比分析。结果表明:3次暴雪天气中高纬度均以经向型环流形势为主,从长波槽脊配置可分为长波槽型和横槽型两大类;西太平洋副热带高压偏西偏强、伊朗高压东北发展对南支槽加深和缓慢东移起到关键作用。南支槽区560 dagpm线在30°N以南,并东移至70°E附近或以东时西藏高原南部开始出现暴雪天气;暴雪区附近涡度场变化反映了南支槽强度特征,中高层强辐散对南支槽发展起到重要作用;水汽主要源于阿拉伯海,孟加拉湾水汽对东部降雪起到补充作用,南支槽前高空西南急流对水汽输送起关键作用,同时喜马拉雅山脉的大地形抬升,有利于上升运动和水汽凝结成云;水汽通量、水汽通量散度等变化及中心的移动方向,对降雪的强度、落区和时段具有较好的预报指示意义。 相似文献