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1.
陈能松  夏彬  游振东 《地球科学》2021,46(9):3049-3056
为建立一个较严密、系统的常见变质岩石的岩相学分类,采用既反映岩石结构构造特征又蕴含岩石基本组成的变质岩组构组分作为岩石分类的一级分类指标,以岩石结构、构造和组构组分的成分依次作为二、三和四级指标,划分了归属于造山区域变质岩、接触热变质岩、断层动力变质岩、蚀变交代变质岩和混合岩这5个大类变质成因的基本岩石.如岩石的地质产状已知,可用对应于地质产状的成因类型变质岩替换组构组分,升级为一级分类指标,然后用同样程序进行划分.本分类方案中,造山区域变质岩与接触热变质岩因具有相同组构组分,因此,大部分基本岩石名称相同,但可借助其地质产状和一些特征变质矿物的特殊显微构造的有无将它们区分开来.本分类方案的分类效果优于国内外现有的岩相学分类方案.   相似文献   
2.
Salinity is a vital factor that regulates leaf photosynthesis and growth of mangroves, and it frequently undergoes large seasonal and daily fluctuations creating a range of environments – oligohaline to hyperhaline. Here, we examined the hypotheses that mangroves benefit opportunistically from low salinity resulting from daily fluctuations and as such, mangroves under daily fluctuating salinity (FS) grow better than those under constant salinity (CS) conditions. We compared growth, salt accumulation, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence of leaves of mangrove Bruguiera gymnorhiza seedlings growing in freshwater (FW), CS (15 practical salinity units, PSU), and daily FS (0–30 PSU, average of 4.8 PSU) conditions. The traits of FS-treated leaves were measured in seedlings under 15 PSU. FS-treated seedlings had greater leaf biomass than those in other treatment groups. Moreover, leaf photosynthetic rate, capacity to regulate photoelectron uptake/transfer, and leaf succulence were significantly higher in FS than in CS treatment. However, leaf water-use efficiency showed the opposite trend. In addition to higher concentrations of Na+ and Cl, FS-treated leaves accumulated more Ca2+ and K+. We concluded that daily FS can enhance water absorption, photosynthesis, and growth of leaves, as well as alter plant biomass allocation patterns, thereby positively affecting B. gymnorhiza. Mangroves that experience daily FS may increase their adaptability by reducing salt build-up and water deficits when their roots are temporally subjected to low salinity or FW and by absorbing sufficient amounts of Na+ and Cl for osmotic adjustment when their roots are subsequently exposed to saline water.  相似文献   
3.
增强现实中的跟踪注册技术一直是研究的重点和难点,而地下矿道和巷道内亮度低,产生的图像较昏暗,车载相机快速运动和抖动,对传统的基于特征匹配的跟踪注册提出了挑战。本文从提高增强现实中跟踪注册稳健性和精度出发,采用基于Retinex改进的方法增强昏暗图像的亮度,同时利用基于对抗神经网络的方法恢复运动模糊图像。首先提取图像ORB特征,实现初始化;然后根据跟踪特征点的数量,开启图像增强和图像恢复线程,提高特征点提取质量和数量。在数据集和真实模拟场景下的试验结果显示,跟踪精度提高了12%左右,在低亮度和含有轻微模糊的情况下,跟踪注册稳健性也有显著提高。  相似文献   
4.
王喜  王琴  向阳  郑炜  李由 《山东气象》2020,40(1):134-143
应用常规天气图资料、FY-2E 云顶亮温(TBB)资料、多普勒雷达观测资料和NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料,对江苏2018年1月3—4日(简称“01·04”过程)、1月24—25日(简称“01·25”过程)和1月27—28日(简称“01·27”过程)3次暴雪过程进行了对比分析。结果表明:1)3次暴雪过程都是在500 hPa高空槽、中低层切变线、700 hPa西南急流和地面冷空气的共同影响下产生的;暴雪过程中水汽主要来源于中层,降雪期间逆温层结始终存在。2)不同之处是,“01·04”过程中层暖湿气流先形成,水汽条件更好,而后弱冷空气自低层楔入,促使暖湿气流抬升,上升运动发展更为旺盛;“01·25”过程和“01·27”过程低层先形成冷垫,而后中层暖湿气流增强沿冷垫爬升,冷垫更冷,“01·25”过程逆温更强。3)暴雪过程中TBB稳定低值期基本可以反映强降雪时段;“01·04”过程中有弱对流发展,造成降雪强度大。  相似文献   
5.
本文主要探讨河南省淅川县单岗遗址两周时期人类与家养动物之间的关系.该遗址两周时期发现13种动物,其中家养动物有猪、狗、马、黄牛、绵羊和山羊,家养动物的可鉴定标本数和最小个体数分别占全部可鉴定的哺乳动物数量的91.73%和70.67%.猪在家养动物中的数量最多,可鉴定标本数和最小个体数比例分别为69.04%和33.33%,其他家养动物的数量比例在1.78%~14.67%之间.家养动物提供了主要肉量,黄牛提供的肉量最多,占36.41%.马右P 2发现马衔磨蚀的痕迹,马第1节趾骨发现严重的骨赘,说明马被役用而且承担相当的工作量.马在普通聚落的出现、肉食消费和畜力开发等现象,反映马的功能从晚商时期贵族"御用"转向世俗化.  相似文献   
6.
A three-dimensional variational(3DVAR) data assimilation(DA) system is presented here based on a size-resolved sectional aerosol model, the Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry(MOSAIC) within the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled to Chemistry(WRF-Chem) model. The use of this approach means that both gaseous pollutants such as SO_2, NO_2, CO, and O_3 as well as particulate matter(PM_(2.5), PM_(10)) observational data can be assimilated simultaneously.Two one-month parallel simulation experiments were conducted, one with the assimilation of surface hourly concentration observations of the above six pollutants released by the China National Environmental Monitoring Centre(CNEMC) and one without assimilation in order to verify the impact of assimilation on initial chemical fields and subsequent forecasts. Results show that, in the first place, use of the DA system can provide a more accurate model initial field. The root-mean-square error of PM_(2.5), PM_(10), SO_2, NO_2, CO, and O_3 mass concentrations in analysis field fell by 29.27 μg m~(-3)(53.5%), 34.5 μg m~(-3)(50.9%),30.36 μg m~(-3)(64.2%), 8.91 μg m~(-3)(39.5%), 0.46 mg m~(-3)(47.4%), and 15.11 μg m~(-3)(51.0%), respectively, compared to a background field without assimilation. At the same time, mean fraction error was reduced by 42.6%, 53.1%, 45.2%, 43.1%,69.9%, and 48.8%, respectively, while the correlation coefficient increased by 0.51, 0.55, 0.48, 0.38, 0.47, 0.65, respectively.Secondly, the results of this analysis reveal variable benefits from assimilation on different pollutants. DA significantly improves PM_(2.5), PM_(10), and CO forecasts leading to positive effects that last more than 48 h. The positive effects of DA on SO_2 and O_3 forecasts last up to 8 h but that remains relatively poor for NO_2 forecasts. Thirdly, the influence of assimilation varies in different areas. It is possible that the positive effects of DA on PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) forecasts can last more than 48 h across most regions of China. Indeed, DA significantly improves SO_2 forecasts within 48 h over north China, and much longer CO assimilation benefits(48 h) are found in most regions apart from north and east China and across the Sichuan Basin. DA is able to improve O_3 forecasts within 48 h across China with the exception of southwest and northwest regions and the O_3 DA benefits in southern China are more evident, while from a spatial distribution perspective, NO_2 DA benefits remain relatively poor.  相似文献   
7.
Bohai Bay, a representative semi-enclosed bay of China, has been severely impacted in recent decades by rapid human development. Although the mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria plays an important role in the Bohai Bay ecosystem and fishery, its feeding ecology and the impact of habitat changes on its feeding habits are poorly known. In this study, we sought to identify its feeding strategy through the separation of stomach contents, and to describe its trophic ecology during maturation in the Tianjin coastal zone of Bohai Bay by the DNA barcoding method using a fragment (about 690 bp) of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (CO I) gene. A total of 594 specimens were collected from March to July 2018, and 347 (58.42%) stomachs were found to have food remains. More than half of the O. oratoria individuals had poor feeding activity, and the degree of feeding of females was higher than that of males, but there was no significant difference in the visual fullness index and the fullness weight index (FWI) between sexes for each month. In addition, the feeding activity of O. oratoria was consistent across the months, suggesting in artificial breeding programs it is not worried too much about the accessional diet supplied to the female bloodstocks except maintaining their normal food. A total of 167 retrieved prey items yielded 187 readable sequences; 86.63% of these sequences could be assigned to the species level. Consequently, 25 different prey taxa covering all readable sequences were identified, showing O. oratoria is a generalist predator. In terms of percent composition by frequency of occurrences (%N), crustaceans and fishes accounted for the same and highest percentage (35.83%) in the mantis shrimp diet, followed by mollusks (24.59%) and the remaining marine organisms (3.73%) including Polychaeta (2.67%), Sagittoidea (0.53%), and Chromadorea (0.53%). The result shows the benthic fish Oxudercidae (family) appears to be an especially important food supply for O. oratoria during maturation. The degree of cannibalism decreased with an increase in diet species and the frequencies of cannibalism in this study was noticeably higher than that in previous studies, suggesting that cannibalism may be a significant feeding strategy in the mantis shrimp O. oratoria in the Tianjin coastal zone of Bohai Bay, and because of the frequently cannibalistic behavior, the high stocking density of broodstocks should be avoided.  相似文献   
8.
9.
Dual factors of climate and human on the hydrological process are reflected not only in changes in the spatiotemporal distribution of water resource amounts but also in the various characteristics of river flow regimes. Isolating and quantifying their contributions to these hydrological alterations helps us to comprehensively understand the response mechanism and patterns of hydrological process to the two kinds of factors. Here we develop a general framework using hydrological model and 33 indicators to describe hydrological process and quantify the impact from climate and human. And we select the Upper Minjiang River(UMR) as a case to explore its feasibility. The results indicate that our approach successfully recognizes the characteristics of river flow regimes in different scenarios and quantitatively separates the climate and human contributions to multi-dimensional hydrological alterations. Among these indicators, 26 of 33 indicators decrease over the past half-century(1961–2012) in the UMR, with change rates ranging from 1.3% to 33.2%, and the human impacts are the dominant factor affecting hydrological processes, with an average relative contribution rate of 58.6%. Climate change causes an increase in most indicators, with an average relative contribution rate of 41.4%. Specifically, changes in precipitation and reservoir operation may play a considerable role in inducing these alterations. The findings in this study help us better understand the response mechanism of hydrological process under changing environment and is conducive to climate change adaptation, water resource planning and ecological construction.  相似文献   
10.
对潜艇装备作战能力评估问题进行了研究,发现运用定量评估方法的过程中存在指标评价所需数据无法完全获取的问题。结合美弗吉尼亚潜艇改进情况,分析了影响潜艇作战能力的一些关键因素,重点基于潜艇武器装载能力,对国外典型潜艇进行了作战能力比较分析,最后对分析结果进行了评价,并讨论了未来潜艇作战能力评估方法的发展方向。  相似文献   
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