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Summary The spatial variability of turbulence above a forest has been examined. Two measurement towers were erected 800 m apart within
a heterogeneous mixed forest located in the north east of the Netherlands. The measurements of u
*
/u were analysed and subsequently used to test a surface layer model. The model simulated the magnitude of the measurements
reasonably well, but measured trends were not always reproduced by the model. The variable (du/dz)/u did not adapt as quickly to the new surface as u
*
/u. This is in agreement with Schmid (1994), and can be explained by a local decrease in mixing length. It is recommended to
adapt the mixing length near a surface transition to improve the accuracy of surface layer models of heterogeneous landscapes.
Received September 8, 1997 Revised April 15, 1998 相似文献
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Theoretical studies dealing with aggregation of surface parameters at small scale are reviewed. Finding effective parameters for surface resistance is possible for most cases by taking simple geometric or arithmetic averages of the component resistances. The use of more sophisticated techniques such as the blending height improves the calculations. Resistances for heat and water vapour behave differently in heterogeneous terrain. A simple surface energy balance model is adapted to show the behaviour of the roughness length of heat and water vapour in heterogeneous terrain. It is suggested that this simple parameterization can adequately take into account the effect of variation in surface cover on the fluxes of heat and water vapour. 相似文献
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