降水对江浙沪PM_(2.5)的清除效率研究     

范凡  陆尔  葛宝珠  王自发 《气象科学》2019,39(2):178-186

为了解不同程度的降水对江浙沪地区大气PM_(2.5)的清除作用,搜集了2014—2016年该地区41个城市的降水和PM_(2.5)观测数据,通过对比2 a非降水和全时段PM_(2.5)平均浓度的差异,发现前者显著高于后者,说明降水对该地区PM_(2.5)具有清除作用。利用降水前与降水期间PM_(2.5)的浓度差异作为降水对PM_(2.5)的清除率,降水后与降水期间的浓度差异作为雨后浓度回升的增加率,分别研究了目标区域不同时期、不同降雨量以及不同降雨时长对PM_(2.5)的清除效果。结果显示:(1)与江浙沪南部地区不同的是,北部地区降水清除率与降水前浓度存在正相关,降水后浓度的增加与当地的排放量呈正相关。(2)当降水量为30 mm或者降水时长为36 h时,清除率增幅减缓,说明降水对PM_(2.5)的清除效率存在着阈值。  相似文献   

基于NCEP FNL资料的山西岢岚地区雨雪天气诊断可信度分析     

程胡华  王益柏  闻斌  武帅  智茂林  赵亮 《气象与环境学报》2019,35(2):23-31

基于山西岢岚地区2005—2014年共1218个雨雪天气日的NCEP FNL资料(1°×1°)与探空资料,采用偏差、绝对差、相关系数和偏差区间占有率的统计方法,对常规物理量(温度、相对湿度、纬向风和经向风)和诊断物理量(T_800-500、T_d800和TT_d700)进行统计分析。结果表明:常规物理量中的温度平均偏差值和绝对差值最小、相关系数值最大,分别为-0. 22℃、1. 02℃、0. 90,可信度最高;而相对湿度的平均偏差值和绝对差值最大、相关系数值最小,分别为12. 31%、19. 68%和0. 63,可信度最低;纬向风和经向风的可信度相差不大,略低于温度;诊断物理量T_800-500、T_d800和TT_d700的偏差值分别为-0. 08℃、1. 50℃和2. 79℃,绝对差值分别为1. 21℃、3. 33℃和4. 14℃,相关系数值分别为0. 95、0. 92和0. 74,偏差值为[-5,5]占总数百分比分别为98. 77%、80. 30%和75. 04%。即T_800-500可信度最高,TT_d700指数可信度最低。  相似文献   

卫星高度计资料在三维海温和盐度数值预报中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李云  万莉颖  刘钦政 《海洋学报》2011,33(6):64-72

随着卫星遥感观测技术的发展,越来越多的卫星观测资料被应用于数值模式的同化研究中.基于国家海洋环境预报中心西北太平洋三维湿盐流预报系统,利用法国CLS中心的沿轨高度计资料的海表面高度异常的融合数据,结合基于三维变分的OVALS(ocean variational analysis system)同化系统,在垂向将海面高度...  相似文献   

基于MODIS资料的中国东部时间序列空气动力学粗糙度和零平面位移高度估算     

杨阿强  孙国清  卢立新  过志锋  刘屹岷 《气象科学》2011,(4):516-524

空气动力学粗糙度和零平面位移高度是很多气候模型和陆面模式中的重要参数,采用气象学方法推导这两个参数对于大范围长时间序列的计算需要大量长期的野外观测,而遥感方法可以快速经济的提供大范围数据,在本研究中采用形态学模型,以MODIS产品数据作为数据源,计算植被冠层面积指数,估算了中国东部2001-2003年归一化到植被高度的...  相似文献   

真实基流中非线性Rossby波演变特征(二):能量、结构演变及初始场影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张立凤  张亮  李崇银 《地球物理学报》2011,54(4):886-895

针对非线性的准地转正压位涡方程,利用自行设计的差分格式和高斯函数拟合得到的真实基流分布,数值研究了线性和非线性Rossby波流场结构和总能量的演变以及初值对总能量演变的影响.发现在非线性的真实基流中,线性和非线性Rossby波的相对总能量出现振荡型增长或衰减,非线性波动的振荡周期明显小于线性波动,非线性项不仅抑制能量的...  相似文献   

Strategies to Overcome Filter Divergence in the DRP-4-DVar Approach          下载免费PDF全文

LIU Juan-Juan  WANG Bin 《大气和海洋科学快报》2011,4(3):136-138

This paper discusses an important issue related to filter divergence in the dimension-reduced projection,four-dimensional variational data assimilation(DRP-4-DVar) approach.Idealized experiments with the Lorenz-96 model over a period of 200 days showed that the amplitudes of the root mean square errors(RMSEs) reached the same levels as those of the state variables after approximately 100 days because of the accumulation of sampling errors following the cycle of assimilation.Strategies to reduce sampling errors are critical to ensure the quality of ensemble-based assimilation.Numerical experiments showed that localization and reducing observational errors can alleviate,but cannot completely overcome,the filter divergence in the DRP-4-DVar approach,while the method of perturbing observations and the inflation technique can efficiently eliminate the filter divergence problem.  相似文献   

Weakening of Interannual Variability in the Summer East Asian Upper-tropospheric Westerly Jet since the Mid-1990s   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

LU Riyu  YE Hong  Jong-Ghap JHUN 《大气科学进展》2011,28(6):1246-1258

In this study,we found that the intensity of interannual variability in the summer upper-tropospheric zonal wind has significantly weakened over Northeast Asia and the subtropical western North Pacific(WNP) since the mid-1990s,concurrent with the previously documented decrease of the westerly jet over North China and Northwest China.Corresponding to this weakening of zonal wind variability,the meridional displacement of the East Asian westerly jet(EAJ) manifested as the leading mode of zonal wind variability over the WNP and East Asia(WNP-EA) before the mid-1990s but not afterward.The energetics of the anomalous pattern associated with the meridional displacement of the EAJ suggests that barotropic energy conversion,from basic flow to anomalous patterns,has led to the weakening of the variability in the EAJ meridional displacement and to a change in the leading dominant mode since the mid-1990s.The barotropic energy conversion efficiently maintained the anomalies associated with the variability in the EAJ meridional displacement during 1979-1993 but acted to dampen the anomalies during 1994-2008.A further investigation of the energetics suggests that the difference in the patterns of the circulation anomaly associated with either the first leading mode or the meridional displacement of the EAJ,i.e.,a southwest-northeast tilted pattern during 1979-1993 and a zonally oriented pattern during 1994-2008,has contributed greatly to the change in barotropic energy conversion.  相似文献   

Multi-Model Projection of July–August Climate Extreme Changes over China under CO_2 Doubling. Part II: Temperature     

LI Hongmei  FENG Lei  ZHOU Tianjun 《大气科学进展》2011,28(2):448-463

This is the second part of the authors’ analysis on the output of 24 coupled climate models from the Twentieth-Century Climate in Coupled Models (20C3M) experiment and 1% per year CO 2 increase experiment (to doubling) (1pctto2x) of phase 3 of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP3). The study focuses on the potential changes of July–August temperature extremes over China. The pattern correlation coefficients of the simulated temperature with the observations are 0.6–0.9, which are higher than the results for precipitation. However, most models have cold bias compared to observation, with a larger cold bias over western China (>5°C) than over eastern China (<2°C). The multi-model ensemble (MME) exhibits a significant increase of temperature under the 1pctto2x scenario. The amplitude of the MME warming shows a northwest–southeast decreasing gradient. The warming spread among the models (～1°C– 2°C) is less than MME warming (～2°C–4°C), indicating a relatively robust temperature change under CO 2 doubling. Further analysis of Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory coupled climate model version 2.1 (GFDL-CM2.1) simulations suggests that the warming pattern may be related to heat transport by summer monsoons. The contrast of cloud effects also has contributions. The different vertical structures of warming over northwestern China and southeastern China may be attributed to the different natures of vertical circulations. The deep, moist convection over southeastern China is an effective mechanism for "transporting" the warming upward, leading to more upper-level warming. In northwestern China, the warming is more surface-orientated, possibly due to the shallow, dry convection.  相似文献   

区域海气耦合模式FROALS模拟的西北太平洋环流及其年际变率   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘博  周天军  邹立维  董璐 《海洋学报》2015,37(9):17-28

本文利用区域海气耦合模式FROALS(Flexible Regional Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System)对西北太平洋地区1984-2007年连续积分结果,对比SODA(Simple Ocean Data Assimilation)同化资料讨论了西北太平洋海表温度和表层洋流的气候态及年际变率。结果表明,FROALS基本能够再现冬、夏季季节平均的海温型,但均存在一个明显的冷偏差;FROALS对气候平均态的表层洋流有较高的模拟技巧,对于冬、夏季的表层洋流型都能够再现。另外,表层洋流的模拟偏差与海表高度的模拟偏差直接相关。由于模式模拟的黑潮热输送较观测偏强,使得模式模拟的海洋热输送倾向于使黑潮路径上的海温呈现正偏差。从表层洋流的年际变率来看,模式模拟的与ENSO(El Nio-South Oscillation)相联系的年际变率信号与观测相似:在El Nio年,北赤道流和棉兰老流增强,低纬度西太平洋海表高度降低,而在La Nia年则呈现出相反的形态,但是在模式中这种信号稍强于观测。  相似文献   

利用黄土沉积速率与粒度的相关性 建立黄土序列年龄的新方法^①     

《沉积学报》1999,17(1):1

  相似文献