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本文主要讨论了厄尔尼诺现象对北半球大气环流和中国季风降水的影响。研究表明,在厄尔尼诺开始年的春夏季,对流层上部位势高度和副热带高压都处在由弱到强的转变状态,我国东部地区大范围少雨;秋季发生明显的趋势转折,秋季到次年夏季,对流层上部位势高度升高,副高增强西伸,除次年2、3月份全国大范围少雨外,其余月份大都为南多北少的分布型,这种分布形态在开始年秋季最典型。厄尔尼诺开始年、次年,长江中下游入梅期偏晚。 相似文献
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1998年受ENSO事件和青藏高原冬春季积雪多等因素的影响,北半球大气环流的主要特征是:500hPa西太平洋副高强大,夏季副高脊线位置偏南;冬、夏季风均较弱;赤道辐合带偏弱,在西太平洋生成和登陆影响我 斩台风和热带风暴异常偏少;夏季亚洲中高纬度经向环流发展,其它季节则以纬向环流为主;环流异常是影响1998年中国气候极其异常的主要原因。 相似文献
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用统计相关和典型年合成方法分析了厄尔尼诺和反厄尔尼诺事件与西北太平洋台风活动的关系,指出厄尔尼诺年台风活动减少,反厄尔尼诺年台风活动增加,而且台风活动与厄尔尼诺、反厄尔尼诺事件起始和终止时间、强度、台风生成区域有关。利用厄尔尼诺和反厄尔尼诺年台风活动频数的统计特征,及台风频数与海温等要素的时滞相关关系,为台风频数的预测提供了有益的信息。还应用奇异值分解方法,分析了高度场和海温场的相关关系。结果表明,厄尔尼诺年海气耦合作用将造成不利于台风发展的环流条件,因此台风偏少,反厄尔尼诺年则出现相反的情况。 相似文献
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根据南美洪水、澳大利亚干旱、印度尼西亚干旱、登陆我国台风次数、东亚冷夏,用我国旱涝恢复的南方涛动指数,用北美树木年轮恢复的南方涛动指数,用北美树木年轮恢复的南方涛动指数等资料初步确定了1470年以来的厄尔尼诺事件。 相似文献
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Based on the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Climate System Model version 1(CSM-1), a Flexible coupled General Circulation Model version 0 (FGCM-0) is developed in this study through replacing CSM-1's oceanic component model with IAP L30T63 global oceanic general circulation model and some necessary modifications of the other component models. After the coupled model FGCM--0 is spun up for dozens of years, it has been run for 60 years without flux correction. The model does not only show the reasonable long-term mean climatology, but also reproduce a lot of features of the interannual variability of climate, e.g. the ENSO-like events in the tropical Pacific Ocean and the dipole mode pattern in the tropical Indian Ocean. Comparing FGCM-0 with the NCAR CSM-1, some common features are found, e.g. the overestimation of sea ice in the North Pacific and the simulated double ITCZ etc.The further analyses suggest that they may be attributed to errors in the atmospheric model. 相似文献
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Joint Propagating Patterns of SST and SLP Anomalies in the North Pacific on Bidecadal and Pentadecadal Timescales 总被引:28,自引:0,他引:28
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Wavelet analyses are applied to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation index and North Pacific index for the period 1900-2000, which identifies two dominant interdecadal components, the bidecadal (15-25-yr) and pentadecadal (50-70-yr) modes. Joint propagating patterns of sea surface temperature (SST) and sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies in the North Pacific for the two modes are revealed by using the techniques of multi-channel singular spectrum analysis (MSSA) and linear regression analysis with the global sea surface temperature (GISST) data and the northern hemispheric SLP data for the common period 1903-1998. Significant differences in spatio-temporal structures are found between the two modes.For the bidecadal mode, SST anomalies originating from the Gulf of Alaska appear to slowly spread southwestward, inducing a reversal of early SST anomalies in the central North Pacific. Due to further westward spreading, the SST variation of the central North Pacific leads that of the Kuroshio-Oyashio Extension (KOE) region by approximately 4 to 5 years. Concomitantly, SLP anomalies spread over most parts of the North Pacific during the mature phase and then change into an NPO(North Pacific Oscillation)-like pattern during the transition phase. For the pentadecadal mode, SST anomalies develop in the southeast tropical Pacific and propagate along the North American coast to the mid-latitudes; meanwhile,SST anomalies with the same polarity in the western tropical Pacific expand northward to Kuroshio and its extension region; both merge into the central North Pacific reversing the sign of early SST anomalies there.Accompanying SLP anomalies are characterized by an NPO-like pattern during the mature phase while they are dominant over the North Pacific during the transitional phase. The bidecadal and pentadecadal modes have different propagating Patterns, suggesting that the two interdecadal modes may arise from different physical mechanisms. 相似文献
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气象向量场奇异值分解方法及其应用 总被引:27,自引:7,他引:20
给聘个实现气象向量场时间序列奇异值分解的简单方案。用它分析赤道太平洋区域年际尺度海气异常关系。揭示出一对与ENSO循环关系密切的100hPa风异常与海表温度异常间的强相关模态。 相似文献