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1.
Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1(IFIT1), also known as interferon-induced protein 56(IFI56) or Interferon-stimulated protein 56(ISG56), was originally identified as a protein induced upon treatment with interferon and inhibited by viral replication and translational initiation. In this study, Epinephelus lanceolatus IFIT1(ELIFIT1) gene was cloned for the first time. The complete cDNA of El IFIT1 gene includes 2921 nucleotides, and encodes a 437-amino acid(AA) protein. The putative ELIFIT1 protein has 9 TRP domains and is highly similar with IFIT1 proteins in other teleosts. In healthy fish, ELIFIT1 gene was highly expressed in the blood, which indicate its specific function in the peripheral immune system. Its expression was also observed in various immunity-related tissues including spleen, intestine, and kidney, Inducted with spotted knifejaw iridovirus(SKIV), ELIFIT1 gene expression was upregulated in the spleen, kidney, and liver 24 h after induction and reached its peak at 72 h, indicating that ELIFIT1 may play an important role in antivirus. These findings contribute to the understanding of the antiviral regulation of ELIFIT1 gene in teleost.  相似文献   
2.
Understanding the dynamics of urbanization is essential to the sustainable development of cities. Meanwhile the analysis of urban development can also provide scientifically and effective information for decision-making. With the long-term Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System(DMSP/OLS) nighttime light images, a pixel level assessment of urbanization of China from 1992 to 2013 was conducted in this study, and the spatio-temporal dynamics and future trends of urban development were fully detected. The results showed that the urbanization and urban dynamics of China experienced drastic fluctuations from 1992 to 2013, especially for those in the coastal and metropolitan areas. From a regional perspective, it was found that the urban dynamics and increasing trends in North Coast China, East Coast China and South Coast China were much more stable and significant than that in other regions. Moreover, with the sustainability estimating of nighttime light dynamics, the regional agglomeration trends of urban regions were also detected. The light intensity in nearly 50% of lighted pixels may continuously decrease in the future, indicating a severe situation of urbanization within these regions. In this study, The results revealed in this study can provided a new insight in long time urbanization detecting and is thus beneficial to the better understanding of trends and dynamics of urban development.  相似文献   
3.
A suction caisson can be extracted by applying reverse pumping water,which cannot be regarded as the reverse process of installation because of the dramatically different soil?structure interaction behavior.Model tests were first carried out in this study to investigate the extraction behavior of the modified suction caisson(MSC)and the regular suction caisson(RSC)in sand by reverse pumping water.The effects of the installation ways(suction-assisted or jacking installation)and the reverse pumping rate on the variations of the over-pressure resulting form reverse pumping water were investigated.It was found that neither the RSC nor the MSC can be fully extracted from sand.When the maximum extraction displacement is obtained,the hydraulic gradient of the sand in the suction caisson reaches the critical value,leading to seepage failure.In addition,the maximum extraction displacement decreases with the increasing reverse pumping rate.Under the same reverse pumping rate,the final extraction displacements for the RSC and MSC installed by suction are lower than those for the RSC and MSC installed by jacking.The final extraction displacement of MSC is almost equal to that of the RSC with the same internal compartment length.Based on the force equilibrium,a method of estimating the maximum extraction displacement is proposed.It has been proved that the proposed method can rationally predict the maximum extraction displacement and the corresponding over-pressure.  相似文献   
4.
Engineering Nanoparticles(ENPs)’superior characteristics of adsorption depends on their dispersion in the medium.In this study,multi-walled carbon nanotubes(nonmetal),iron nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles(metallic simple substance),and Nano-TiO2,Nano-Fe2O3 and Nano-ZnO(metal oxide)were selected and respectively added into pure water and aqueous solution with 1%Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS)surfactant.The dispersion effects were compared by leaving the solutions standing at room temperature under ultrasound.The results show that the dispersion of iron nanoparticles is the lowestamong the six ENPs,and that of multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCTS)is the highest.Adding anionic surfactants(SDBS)can obviously improve the dispersion performance of ENPs.The concentration of solution decreases by only 5%in 10 daysafter adding 1%SDBS for ultrasonic dispersion.  相似文献   
5.
China has experienced rapid urbanizations with dramatic land cover changes since 1978. Forest loss is one of land cover changes, and it induces various eco-environmental degradation issues. As one of China’s hotspot regions, the Guangdong-Hong KongMacao Greater Bay Area(GBA) has undergone a dramatic urban expansion. To better understand forest dynamics and protect forest ecosystem, revealing the processes, patterns and underlying drivers of forest loss is essential. This study focused on the spatiotemporal evolution and potential driving factors of forest loss in the GBA at regional and city level. The Landsat time-series images from 1987 to2017 were used to derive forest, and landscape metrics and geographic information system(GIS) were applied to implement further spatial analysis. The results showed that: 1) 14.86% of the total urban growth area of the GBA was obtained from the forest loss in1987–2017;meanwhile, the forest loss area of the GBA reached 4040.6 km2, of which 25.60%(1034.42 km2) was converted to urban land;2) the percentages of forest loss to urban land in Dongguan(19.14%), Guangzhou(18.35%) and Shenzhen(15.81%) were higher than those in other cities;3) the forest became increasingly fragmented from 1987–2007, and then the fragmentation decreased from2007 to 2017);4) the landscape responses to forest changes varied with the scale;and 5) some forest loss to urban regions moved from low-elevation and gentle-slope terrains to higher-elevation and steep-slope terrains over time, especially in Shenzhen and Hong Kong.Urbanization and industrialization greatly drove forest loss and fragmentation, and, notably, hillside urban land expansion may have contributed to hillside forest loss. The findings will help policy makers in maintaining the stability of forest ecosystems, and provide some new insights into forest management and conservation.  相似文献   
6.
Continuous and accurate monitoring of earth surface changes over rugged terrain Himalayas is important to manage natural resources and mitigate natural hazards.Conventional techniques generally focus on per-pixel based processing and overlook the sub-pixel variations occurring especially in case of low or moderate resolution remotely sensed data.However,the existing subpixel-based change detection(SCD)models are less effective to detect the mixed pixel information at its complexity level especially over rugged terrain regions.To overcome such issues,a topographically controlled SCD model has been proposed which is an improved version of widely used per-pixel based change vector analysis(CVA)and hence,named as a subpixel-based change vector analysis(SCVA).This study has been conducted over a part of the Western Himalayas using the advanced wide-field sensor(AWiFS)and Landsat-8 datasets.To check the effectiveness of the proposed SCVA,the cross-validation of the results has been done with the existing neural network-based SCD(NN-SCD)and per-pixel based models such as fuzzybasedCVA(FCVA)andpost-classification comparison(PCC).The results have shown that SCVA offered robust performance(85.6%-86.4%)as comparedtoNN-SCD(81.6%-82.4%),PCC(79.2%-80.4%),and FCVA(81.2%-83.6%).We concluded that SCVA helps in reducing the detection of spurious pixels and improve the efficacy of generating change maps.This study is beneficial for the accurate monitoring of glacier retreat and snow cover variability over rugged terrain regions using moderate resolution remotely sensed datasets.  相似文献   
7.
完善的绿色基础设施体系在重构矿业城市生态系统,提升矿业城市人居环境品质上作用关键。一方面,经过生态修复后的矿业废弃地是矿业城市绿色基础设施的重要增量,另一方面,以绿色基础设施体系优化为导向的治理是破解当前矿业废弃地治理低效的有效途径。湖北省大冶市是一座典型的资源枯竭型城市,在运用形态学空间格局分析(MSPA)方法评价大冶市绿色基础设施的基础上,结合矿业废弃地空间分布,评价其生态潜力,进而提出生态型、生活型和生产型3种矿业废弃地再生的改造方式。研究结果表明:①大冶市生态基底良好,但是景观破碎化严重,连通性弱;②大部分矿业废弃地生态潜力较高,60%的矿业废弃地可以转化为绿色基础设施;③30%的矿业废弃地适合生态型改造、52%的适合生活型改造、18%的适合生产型改造。   相似文献   
8.
西北太平洋副热带高压(以下简称副高)是影响中国气候的大尺度环流系统,为了进一步了解副高对中国气候的影响,本文利用站点观测资料和大气环流再分析资料,通过资料诊断分析和数值模拟方法,探讨了6月副高东西变动对中国南部降水的影响,以及影响副高东西变动的前期海洋因子.结果表明副高东西变动对中国西南和华南地区降水的影响明显不同:副高偏东有利于降水西南偏多而华南偏少,偏西则降水变化刚好相反.其原因与副高东西变化引起的环流差异有关,华南降水与副高东(西)变动时西太平洋地区副高西北侧的东北(西南)风异常以及东亚中低纬度地区异常经向波列的变化直接有关,而西南降水异常不仅与副高东西变动在东南亚地区引起的纬向风异常有关,与青藏高原大地形动力作用对副高北侧异常纬向风的变化也有十分密切的联系.此外,副高东西变动时影响西南和华南地区的水汽来源不同,影响西南的水汽主要来源于赤道印度洋80°E附近越赤道气流,而影响华南的水汽主要来源于副高南侧偏东气流从西北太平洋地区输送的水汽.进一步分析发现前期冬春季热带西北太平洋和赤道西太平洋海温变化的偶极差异与后期初夏副高东西变动有密切联系,冬春季西北太平洋暖海温和赤道西太平洋冷海温变化有利于后期初夏副高偏西,相反则有利于副高偏东,数值模拟结果在一定程度证实了资料诊断分析结果.  相似文献   
9.
TS03航次创新性地投放了 6台被动源海底地震仪(POBS)到马里亚纳海沟南部"海斗深渊区",实施了万米级水深的天然地震观测,通过十字放炮获得POBS的精确坐底位置是后续研究工作中至关重要的一环.本文首先对POBS的SEG-Y数据进行裁截误差修复,然后采用直达水波走时反演的方法得到这6个POBS的精确坐底位置,并进行精度分析.结果显示,POBS下沉过程中偏移方向各不相同,偏移距离190~650 m;SEG-Y数据裁截误差修复使拾取的直达水波到时更精确,位置校正的走时残差RMS值显著降低,结合正常时差校正(NMO)方法验证,位置校正精度可达10 m,且海斗深渊陡峭地形造成的折射震相对位置校正结果影响不大.此项POBS坐底位置校正工作,不仅为后续研究提供了可靠基础和保障;同时进一步证明,十字放炮作业结合海底地震仪进行直达水波走时反演,是获取深水区域仪器精确位置的可靠方式.  相似文献   
10.
禾本科物种(例如银草、芦苇)在日本传统的地膜覆盖农业中普遍使用,西阿瓦地区是全球重要的农业遗产系统(GIAHS)所在地。传统上,这里的农民使用银草覆盖农业土壤。但当地农民从长期的经验中了解到,日本虎杖覆盖更适合该地区茄科作物的种植。目前尚不清楚日本虎杖覆盖物为何对茄科作物的种植有益。在本项研究中,我们假设日本虎杖覆盖物可能会有效避免连续种植马铃薯的危害。因为过去每年都会种植两次本地马铃薯,因此,我们调查了日本虎杖覆盖对连续种植马铃薯以及番茄种植后对马铃薯产量的影响。在2018年进行的田间试验中,我们首先在连续马铃薯栽培的土壤和未耕种的土壤中比较了日本虎杖覆盖、银草覆盖和无草覆盖(对照)对马铃薯产量的影响,结果表明日本虎杖覆盖减少了马铃薯产量的降低程度。其次,我们比较了番茄种植后的土壤和未耕种的土壤中的虎杖覆盖和无草覆盖对马铃薯产量的影响,结果再次表明了日本虎杖覆盖减少了马铃薯生长和产量下降的程度。这些发现表明用日本虎杖覆盖有助于避免连续种植马铃薯的风险。  相似文献   
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