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1.
This study simulates the effective radiative forcing(ERF) of tropospheric ozone from 1850 to 2013 and its effects on global climate using an aerosol–climate coupled model, BCC AGCM2.0.1 CUACE/Aero, in combination with OMI(Ozone Monitoring Instrument) satellite ozone data. According to the OMI observations, the global annual mean tropospheric column ozone(TCO) was 33.9 DU in 2013, and the largest TCO was distributed in the belts between 30°N and 45°N and at approximately 30°S; the annual mean TCO was higher in the Northern Hemisphere than that in the Southern Hemisphere;and in boreal summer and autumn, the global mean TCO was higher than in winter and spring. The simulated ERF due to the change in tropospheric ozone concentration from 1850 to 2013 was 0.46 W m~(-2), thereby causing an increase in the global annual mean surface temperature by 0.36℃, and precipitation by 0.02 mm d~(-1)(the increase of surface temperature had a significance level above 95%). The surface temperature was increased more obviously over the high latitudes in both hemispheres, with the maximum exceeding 1.4?C in Siberia. There were opposite changes in precipitation near the equator,with an increase of 0.5 mm d~(-1)near the Hawaiian Islands and a decrease of about-0.6 mm d~(-1)near the middle of the Indian Ocean. 相似文献
2.
This study evaluates performance of Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) prediction in the Beijing Climate Center Atmospheric General Circulation Model (BCC_AGCM2.2). By using the real-time multivariate MJO (RMM) indices, it is shown that the MJO prediction skill of BCC_AGCM2.2 extends to about 16–17 days before the bivariate anomaly correlation coefficient drops to 0.5 and the root-mean-square error increases to the level of the climatological prediction. The prediction skill showed a seasonal dependence, with the highest skill occurring in boreal autumn, and a phase dependence with higher skill for predictions initiated from phases 2–4. The results of the MJO predictability analysis showed that the upper bounds of the prediction skill can be extended to 26 days by using a single-member estimate, and to 42 days by using the ensemble-mean estimate, which also exhibited an initial amplitude and phase dependence. The observed relationship between the MJO and the North Atlantic Oscillation was accurately reproduced by BCC_AGCM2.2 for most initial phases of the MJO, accompanied with the Rossby wave trains in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics driven by MJO convection forcing. Overall, BCC_AGCM2.2 displayed a significant ability to predict the MJO and its teleconnections without interacting with the ocean, which provided a useful tool for fully extracting the predictability source of subseasonal prediction. 相似文献
3.
使用Anderson-Ⅱ型9级撞击采样器测量了南京市鼓楼商业区、江北工业区、钟山风景区和宁六高速公路交通源春、夏、秋三季的大气气溶胶质量浓度。分析结果表明:南京市PM2.1和PM10的质量浓度存在明显的季节变化,秋季>春季>夏季;ρPM10春季为167.47 μg/m3,夏季为 85.99 μg/m3,秋季为238.99 μg/m3;ρPM2.1春季为59.66 μg/m3,夏季为42.80 μg/m3,秋季为100.15 μg/m3。不同季节中ρPM10和ρPM2.1均存在较好的相关性,夏季相关性最好,相关系数为0.952;秋季次之,相关系数为0.783;春季相对较差,相关系数为0.613。城市不同功能区之间ρPM2.1和ρPM10的质量浓度值差异很大,交通源>工业区>商业区>风景区。城市不同功能区的质量浓度谱分布基本一致,均为双峰型分布,峰值分别位于0.43~0.65 μm/m3和9.0~10.0 μm/m3。南京市春、夏、秋三个季节大气粒子质量浓度谱为双峰分布,粒子主要集中在0.43~3.3 μm/m3的粒径段。江北工业区ρPM10和ρPM2.1质量浓度的相关系数为0.814,略高于鼓楼商业区的0.797。 相似文献
4.
A Simulation Study on the Extreme Temperature Events of the 20th Century by Using the BCC_AGCM 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2 
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下载免费PDF全文 DONG Min WU Tongwen WANG Zaizhi CHENG Yanjie ZHANG Fang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2012,26(4):489-506
Extreme temperature events are simulated by using the Beijing Climate Center Atmospheric General Circulation Model (BCC AGCM) in this paper. The model has been run for 136 yr with the observed external forcing data including solar insolation, greenhouse gases, and monthly sea surface temperature (SST). The daily maximum and minimum temperatures are simulated by the model, and 16 indices representing various extreme temperature events are calculated based on these two variables. The results show that the maximum of daily maximum temperature (TXX), maximum of daily minimum (TNX), minimum of daily maximum (TXN), minimum of daily minimum (TNN), warm days (TX90p), warm nights (TN90p), summer days (SU25), tropical nights (TR20), and warm spell duration index (WSDI) have increasing trends during the 20th century in most regions of the world, while the cold days (TX10p), cold nights (TN10p), and cold spell duration index (CSDI) have decreasing trends. The probability density function (PDF) of warm/cold days/nights for three periods of 1881-1950, 1951- 1978, and 1979-2003 is examined. It is found that before 1950, the cold day/night has the largest probability, while for the period of 1979-2003, it has the smallest probability. In contrast to the decreasing trend of cold days/nights, the PDF of warm days/nights exhibits an opposite trend. In addition, the frost days (FD) and ice days (ID) have decreasing trends, the growing season has lengthened, and the diurnal temperature range is getting smaller during the 20th century. A comparison of the above extreme temperature indices between the model output and NCEP data (taken as observation) for 1948-2000 indicates that the mean values and the trends of the simulated indices are close to the observations, and overall there is a high correlation between the simulated indices and the observations. But the simulated trends of FD, ID, growing season length, and diurnal temperature range are not consistent with the observations and their correlations are low or even negative. This indicates that the model is incapable to simulate these four indices although it has captured most indices of the extreme temperature events. 相似文献
5.
不同分辨率BCC_AGCM模式对东亚区域垂直云量的模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于ISCCP(International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project)和NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction)资料分析了BCC_AGCM2.1(Beijing Climate Center_Atmospheric General Circulation Model 2.1)和BCC_AGCM2.2模拟的云在东亚的垂直分布特点,并探讨了误差来源。两个模式大体上模拟出了总云量的分布形势,较好地模拟出了垂直方向上云量大值带随地形的变化特点,但模拟的总云量偏少。AGCM2.2模拟的云量整体上小于AGCM2.1,除复杂地形外AGCM2.2没有体现出高分辨率的优势。模式对中国东部环流场的模拟效果差导致模拟的云量偏少,尤其是AGCM2.2。模拟的对流层高层相对湿度明显偏大导致高层云量偏大。模式在近海面模拟的相对湿度偏小,四川盆地及周围地区冷季模拟的水汽含量偏少,因而模拟的云量偏少。模式云量对相对湿度的响应能力较好,模拟出了云量对垂直速度和稳定度的响应,但地区差异不明显。模式的云参数化方案中云与相对湿度的关系系数需要调整,应更利于云的生成。 相似文献
6.
本文讨论了国家气候中心第二代大气环流模式BCC_AGCM2.0.1和加拿大气溶胶理化模式CAM所组成的耦合模式系统对5种典型气溶胶(硫酸盐、黑碳、有机碳、沙尘和海盐)和气候要素的模拟效果。结果表明,耦合系统对5种典型气溶胶的模拟总体上比较合理,尤其是对硫酸盐、沙尘和海盐的模拟比BCC_AGCM2.0.1原有的月平均气溶胶资料有很大的改进。耦合系统模拟的全球平均气候态参量与观测/再分析资料比较一致,在总云量、陆地表面温度和降水等方面要略优于原月平均气溶胶资料的模拟结果。耦合系统对沙尘和海盐气溶胶模拟的改进使得撒哈拉沙漠和南半球中纬度海洋大气顶净太阳辐射的模拟也有所改进,而这将直接影响地表温度尤其是陆地表面温度。而不同气溶胶方案在赤道海洋上引起的云反馈不仅引起辐射的改变,还将对降水产生明显影响。 相似文献
7.
BCC_AGCM2.0.1模式系统对江淮梅雨期降水的模拟能力 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
文章通过累积频率方法定义江淮地区观测和模拟的梅雨期,分析国家气候中心大气模式BCC_AGCM2.0.1对我国东部地区暴雨、大雨、中雨和小雨四种等级降水的模拟能力。由于模式的模拟环流背景与实际不同,导致模拟的降水峰值时期与梅雨期有偏差,因此通过累积频率方法定义模拟的梅雨期,模拟梅雨期为6月1候至6月3候,而实际观测梅雨期6月5候至7月2候,模拟期较实际梅雨期提前了20天。模拟结果表明模拟的我国东部总降水量偏少,总雨日数偏多,主要是由于模拟的暴雨日数偏少,小雨日数偏多;观测的江淮地区近40年来暴雨、大雨和中雨呈上升趋势,小雨呈下降趋势,模式模拟的不同等级降水变化趋势与观测相反,暴雨、大雨和中雨呈下降趋势,小雨呈上升趋势。 相似文献
8.
为使数值模式适应异构架构在高性能计算领域的快速发展趋势,本文基于OpenACC语言,对气候模式BCC_AGCM3.0中动力框架三段程序段进行GPU加速优化试验。通过异步执行设置、循环内移、数据管理及向量参数化配置等方式,对模式中计算密集部分程序段进行GPU加速并行化,并进行了优化运行效率对比及正确性验证。试验结果表明,BCC_AGCM3.0模式中三段程序段GPU加速后效率提升均在3倍以上,BCC_AGCM气候模式全球涡度均方根相对误差控制在一定范围之内。加速方法及策略对于数值天气气候模式在异构环境下的移植与优化具有一定参考价值。 相似文献
9.
南京市城市不同功能区PM10和PM2.1质量浓度的季节变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
使用Anderson-Ⅱ型9级撞击采样器测量了南京市鼓楼商业区、江北工业区、钟山风景区和宁六高速公路交通源春、夏、秋三季的大气气溶胶质量浓度。分析结果表明:南京市PM2.1和PM10的质量浓度存在明显的季节变化,秋季>春季>夏季;ρPM10春季为167.47 μg/m3,夏季为 85.99 μg/m3,秋季为238.99 μg/m3;ρPM2.1春季为59.66 μg/m3,夏季为42.80 μg/m3,秋季为100.15 μg/m3。不同季节中ρPM10和ρPM2.1均存在较好的相关性,夏季相关性最好,相关系数为0.952;秋季次之,相关系数为0.783;春季相对较差,相关系数为0.613。城市不同功能区之间ρPM2.1和ρPM10的质量浓度值差异很大,交通源>工业区>商业区>风景区。城市不同功能区的质量浓度谱分布基本一致,均为双峰型分布,峰值分别位于0.43~0.65 μm/m3和9.0~10.0 μm/m3。南京市春、夏、秋三个季节大气粒子质量浓度谱为双峰分布,粒子主要集中在0.43~3.3 μm/m3的粒径段。江北工业区ρPM10和ρPM2.1质量浓度的相关系数为0.814,略高于鼓楼商业区的0.797。 相似文献
10.
MJO对我国降水影响的季节调制和动力-统计降尺度预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1981—2016年中国区域CN05.1格点降水资料和EAR-Interim再分析资料,研究了季节循环对于热带大气季节内振荡(MJO)对我国降水影响的调制作用,并基于模式对MJO的预报建立了针对延伸期降水的动力-统计降尺度模型。结果表明,MJO对我国季节内降水异常的影响明显受到季节循环的调制。当MJO对流在热带印度洋活跃时,我国降水偏多的区域随季节由南向北推进;当MJO对流位于海洋性大陆地区时,在秋、冬季我国东部和高原大部分地区降水异常偏少,而到了春、夏季该关系反转。MJO对流和基本气流(特别是副热带西风急流)的位置和强度的变化所引起热带外环流响应的不同是造成这种季节性差异的重要原因。模式检验表明,BCC_AGCM2.2对目标候MJO的预报技巧可达18d以上,在此基础上利用模式预报MJO信息构建了随季节演变滚动的MJO动力-统计降尺度预测模型。独立样本检验表明,该模型在较长时效(10~20d)下对MJO高影响区低频降水异常的预报技巧高于模式的直接预报,特别是在MJO活跃时期对降水预报技巧的提升更加明显,这为MJO信号释用提供了新的思路。 相似文献