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Based on combined Cloud Sat/CALIPSO detections, the seasonal occurrence of deep convective clouds(DCCs) over the midlatitude North Pacific(NP) and cyclonic activity in winter were compared. In winter, DCCs are more frequent over the central NP, from approximately 30°N to 45°N, than over other regions. The high frequencies are roughly equal to those occurring in this region in summer. Most of these DCCs have cloud tops above a 12 km altitude, and the highest top is approximately 15 km. These wintertime marine DCCs commonly occur during surface circulation conditions of low pressure, high temperature, strong meridional wind, and high relative humidity. Further, the maximum probability of DCCs,according to the high correlation coefficient, was found in the region 10°–20° east and 5°–10° south of the center of the cyclones. The potential relationship between DCCs and cyclones regarding their relative locations and circulation conditions was also identified by a case study. Deep clouds were generated in the warm conveyor belt by strong updrafts from baroclinic flows. The updrafts intensified when latent heat was released during the adjustment of the cyclone circulation current. This indicates that the dynamics of cyclones are the primary energy source for DCCs over the NP in winter. 相似文献
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利用CloudSat卫星资料、NCEP再分析资料和FY-2C卫星可见光云图分析了2006年7月20—24日我国东北一次冷涡过程不同时期对流云的垂直结构以及云内中小尺度的结构,发现在冷涡发展阶段的初期,暖锋对流结构表现为孤立的回波系统多,强对流深厚,对流系统体现为孤立、深厚的特征。在冷涡发展成熟阶段,回波强度比冷涡发展初期的对流系统有所减弱,且为浅薄的对流系统。冷涡系统影响下发展的锢囚锋回波系统顶部呈现独特的结构特征:东南部为干冷空气侵入造成的回波区, 中部为锢囚锋主体对流区, 西北部为暖锋遇冷锋抬升作用形成的回波区。在锢囚锋尾部存在冰水含量与液态水含量分层现象,干冷空气侵入层在5 km高度左右,在干冷空气侵入层上部为冰水含量分布的弱回波区,下部为液态水分布的弱回波区。在冷涡成熟阶段,对流系统分布在冷涡外沿,表现为孤立的对流系统,冰水含量多的对流系统主要在冷涡的北面,而液态水主要分布在冷涡中心零度层以下。 相似文献
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为准确评估基于相对湿度廓线法反演云边界高度的有效性,以CloudSat和CALIPSO联合探测结果为基准,对2008年1月至2009年1月COSMIC无线电掩星和探空仪的云底高与云顶高反演结果进行定量对比验证,结果表明:CloudSat、掩星和探空仪检测到高云的比例差异较大,掩星和探空仪云检测效率相近,但云检测质量掩星优于探空仪,云层沿高度的发生概率同样掩星与CloudSat具有更好的一致性;陆地与海洋地区掩星和探空仪云底高反演精度大于云顶高,且反演精度与云层高度有关,二者对不同类型云的边界高度具有不同的反演优势,云底高发生概率掩星和探空仪与CloudSat都有很好的一致性,但云顶高概率掩星与CloudSat的吻合程度更好;CloudSat云边界高度随纬度升高而减小,其与掩星和探空仪的反演偏差同样是低纬大于中高纬,且具有不同的季节分布特点.此外,三者检测的底层云中低云所占比例从冬季到夏季逐渐减小,顶层云中云顶高于10 km的比例从冬季到夏季却逐渐增加. 相似文献
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云与辐射的相互作用对全球的天气和气候变化过程有着重要的影响,不同高度的云有着不同的辐射强迫,获得云体高度及其在时空上的变化对研究全球气候的变化有着重要意义。本文利用云卫星上的云廓线雷达(CloudSat/CPR)2006年6月—2007年12月期间的资料,对比分析了青藏高原、高原南坡和南亚季风区域不同云类的云顶、云底高度和云厚统计量。结果表明,在所研究区域单位面积上的云顶和云底高度变化具有一定的时空连续性,不同云类的云顶和云底高度存在不同的变化范围,且随着季节的改变均有明显的变化;同时各区域不同云类的云体厚度在夏季较大,冬季较小;各区域不同云类所占的比例(云量)也具有一定的季节变化规律。 相似文献
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Arctic clouds strongly influence the regional radiation balance, temperature, melting of sea ice, and freezing of sea water.
Despite their importance, there is a lack of systematic and reliable observations of Arctic clouds. The CloudSat satellite
launched in 2006 with a 94 GHz Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) may contribute to close this gap. Here we compare one of the key
parameters, the cloud liquid water path (LWP) retrieved from CloudSat observations and from microwave radiometer (MWR) data
taken during the ASCOS (Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study) cruise of the research vessel Oden from August to September 2008.
Over the 45 days of the ASCOS cruise, collocations closer than 3 h and 100 km were found in only 9 d, and collocations closer
than 1 h and 30 km in only 2 d. The poor correlations in the scatter plots of the two LWP retrievals can be explained by the
patchiness of the cloud cover in these two days (August 5th and September 7th), as confirmed by coincident MODIS (Moderate-resolution
Imaging Spectroradiometer) images. The averages of Oden-observed LWP values are systematically higher (40–70 g m−2) than the corresponding CloudSat observations (0–50 g m−2). These are cases of generally low LWP with presumably small droplets, and may be explained by the little sensitivity of
the CPR to small droplets or by the surface clutter. 相似文献
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CloudSat卫星及其在天气和云观测分析中的应用 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
介绍了2006年4月28日成功发射的第1颗以对云层特性进行全球主动遥感测量CloudSat卫星的观测仪器、工作参数、运行方式、数据产品及“A—Train”卫星群等基本概况。CloudSat卫星主要有效载荷是94GHz（3mm波）云雷达，它可以“切开”云层，获得许多有关云的最新气象数据，主要数据产品包括了云的宏观物理参量和微观物理参量。介绍了CloudSat卫星已获得的典型天气和云的初期观测结果：从首次观测的云三维图片，可以清楚地看到南极洲上空风暴云的垂直剖面结构特征；从首张获得降雪云的垂直剖面图像可以得到降雪云层的发展状态以及结构特点；使用CloudSat统计数据可分析全球水凝物的分布特征。将TRMM卫星上的测雨雷达与CloudSat卫星上的云雷达联合观测研究，可以获得从薄云到浓厚云及降水的精细垂直结构特征。通过下载的CloudSat观测资料，对我国典型台风和层状云系等两类不同天气条件下云的宏微观结构特征等进行了初步分析，可以看到台风眼区附近云系的垂直结构随台风发展不同阶段的演变；从层状云系的垂直剖面可以清楚地发现云层的内部分层结构及不同相态的垂直分布特征等。 相似文献
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The connections between radar reflectivity and the time scale of warm rain formation are examined within a global cloud-resolving model. The parameterizations formulae of auto-conversion and accretion processes in the model reveal specific relationships between the time scale for auto-conversion and radar reflectivity of cloud water as well as between the time scale for accretion and radar reflectivity of rain water. The overall time scale for warm rain formation, determined by combined contributions from these processes, is found to relate with total radar reflectivity in the manner that varies with cloud-rain composition between auto-conversion and accretion limits. The global statistics from the model output reveals that the time scale is closely related with the total radar reflectivity, thus suggesting that the radar reflectivity is a gross measure of the warm rain time scale. The relationship developed is applied to both model-simulated and CloudSat-observed radar reflectivities to compare the time scales of warm rain formation between observation and the model. Comparison of the time scale so derived reveals significant differences between the model and CloudSat observations. These differences suggest that the simulated cloud-rain composition in the model is biased toward larger rain water contents and smaller content of cloud water compared to reality due to an accelerated cloud-to-rain water conversion in the model. 相似文献
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作为空中水资源的重要组成部分,云在地球水循环过程和气候系统中扮演着重要角色,不同高度的云因其物理特性和动力过程的不同而对人工增水作业具有不同的指示意义.采用2007年1月至2008年12月的美国宇航局(NASA)云卫星(CloudSat)2B-CLDCLASS资料,从不同类型云的高度分布特征分析了新疆阿尔泰山、天山和昆仑山区的云水资源情况.结果表明:各个季节三大山区高层云所占比例均较大,在20%以上,其中,天山山区和昆仑山区雨层云所占比例也较大,在15%以上.三大山区不同云的云顶和云底高度年变化趋势基本一致,昆仑山区各类型云的平均云顶和云底的高度最大,阿尔泰山区的最低. 相似文献
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In this study, the micro- and macro-physical properties, thermal structure and precipitation characteristics of cyclone eye walls and their surrounding spiral clouds were analysed with CloudSat and TRMM data for five tropical cyclones (TCs) in 2013. The results show that the ice-phase clouds of a mature TC are mainly above 5 km. With increasing altitude, the cloud droplet effective radius decreases, and the particle number concentration increases. Ice water content first increases and then decreases with increasing height. In the eye area, in addition to the well-known warm-core area, another warm core is also apparent around the eye at a height of 8 to 15 km. The horizontal distribution of precipitation is characterized by large-scale stratiform precipitation mixed with independent convective precipitation. The height of precipitation is mostly below 7.5 km, and the heavy rain is mainly below 5 km. When the peripheral convective clouds are strong enough, ice particles would be generated, thus providing conditions that are favourable for the formation of precipitation below. 相似文献