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介绍了利用卫星云图资料估算黄河中游面雨量的基本方法：将GMS卫星1h间隔的可风和红外云图作为判别的两个特性进行分类，确定红外光线资料的所有最小值点作为对流核；多参照Negri-Adler的方法，应用斜率参数消除卷云；应用－维云模式确定红外线图上对流核的降水率，层状云降水通过一个温度阈值给出。另外，通过2001年7月26日至28日黄河流域出现的一次较强降雨过程进行应用分析，得出结论－－利用卫星云图估算黄河中游地区平均雨量的方法具有很好的实用价值。 相似文献
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The goals of this study were to map the spatial distribution of sediment production and to estimate the probability of this production at the waterline based on a high potential of silting. The RUSLE-GIS model and Monte Carlo simulation were used. A sensitivity analysis of stochastic factors was performed by calculating the simple correlation coefficient. This procedure was applied to the Estrada Nova catchment, located in the city of Belém, northern Brazil, which has been subject to channel improvements and the construction of a detention basin. The results indicate that, following the urbanization and drainage improvements, there was a reduction in the annual sediment production probability, which is consistent with the dynamics in land use. The erodibility was the most sensitive factor in the sedimentation estimates. The methodology was considered an alternative to estimate sediment production in an urban catchment. 相似文献
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在全球气候变暖背景下,中国江淮流域梅雨期的气候响应趋于复杂,给江淮流域梅雨期的气候预测带来了更多的不确定因素。研究江淮梅雨期气候对全球变暖的响应,对于认识江淮梅雨变化新趋势、提高新气候背景下的汛期预报及制定防灾减灾政策均有深远意义。采用中国地面气温和降水日值数据集对近几十年来江淮地区梅雨期的气温和降水变化进行了深入分析,基于观测结果,评估了国际耦合模式比较计划第5阶段（CMIP5）的22个模式结果,并对CMIP5模式预估的21世纪中排放（RCP4.5）和高排放（RCP8.5）情景下中国江淮流域梅雨期的气温和降水变化进行了分析,并对梅雨期气候变化的机理进行了探讨。研究结果表明,在全球变暖背景下,江淮地区梅雨期气候亦发生了相应的变化,气温呈现出显著的升高趋势,降水亦发生了相应调整,在较暖年降水偏多,较冷年降水偏少。在未来全球进一步变暖的背景下,江淮地区梅雨期平均气温进一步升高,降水进一步增多,且随着排放量的增加,降水的空间分布不均匀性也在加剧。 相似文献
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Jean-Denis Taupin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(2):215-225
Many earlier studies have shown the very large spatial variability of rainfall in the Sahel at all time steps, from the event to the season. Often, the meteorological network in these countries is sparse, with one to five rain gauges per 10 000 km2. It is thus difficult to calculate accurate estimates of the mean rainfall over such a large area. To improve the knowledge of Sahelian systems and the spatial distribution of rainfall, a dense network was set up in an area of 16 000 km2 in southwestern Niger between 1991 and 1996. The aim was to calculate accurate rainfall spatial means over an area of 12 000 km2 at different time steps (from the season to the ten-day period). With the spatialisation method used (kriging), it was possible to calculate curves of estimation errors of mean rainfall versus the rain-gauge network density. Operational abacuses of the standard estimation error as a function of the spatial mean of rainfall and the network density are proposed. 相似文献
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???t??????λ??????λ????????????GPS?????????????????д?????????????????????????????·????????????????λ????????????????з????????????λ??????????е?EW??NS???????????7.3??7.1??16.0 mm??????λ??EW??NS???????????5.0??5.2??14.7 mm????????????λ???????????λ?????1.9~2.3 mm?????ù????????????о??????λ??????????????????????????????????????е?????????????????????λ??????????0.1 Hz??????????????????????????0.1 Hz??????????????????????????λ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????λ????????????????????????????????????????????????λ????????????????????????????????? 相似文献
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基于遥感调查与GIS分析的林芝地区地质灾害评价 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用遥感、G IS技术和其它分析手段,在“递进分析法”(AMFP)理论框架下,利用AHP模型评估各影响因子权重;选用综合指数评价模型求取潜势度、危险度及危害度等区域地质灾害评价指数;借助自建的灾害评价系统,实现了藏东林芝地区的区域性地质灾害预测评价及其可视化表达。研究结果表明:该方法评价结果较为合理;研究方法和试点区预警系统的建设实践对于区域性灾害的预测、预报和防止不仅具有理论意义,也具有重要的现实意义;将人类活动等影响因子量化,不仅缩小了预测区的范围,也突出了地质灾害对人类生存环境的影响。 相似文献
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海洋渔业预报使用的遥感数据一般只能获得海洋表面的环境信息,而Argo数据可以为渔业预报提供较深处的温盐数据,为了在渔业预报中按其时间周期进行使用,需要计算它的周期以提高预报质量。通过功率谱估计计算出2001-2008年的数据存在的较长的周期为62．7天和117．5天,较短的周期为4．9天和9．8天,同时还有一个约为7天的不明显周期,观测剖面数据总量在年际与年内都存在较大变化。 相似文献
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