全文获取类型
收费全文 | 9815篇 |
免费 | 2019篇 |
国内免费 | 1408篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 3492篇 |
大气科学 | 1341篇 |
地球物理 | 1651篇 |
地质学 | 3370篇 |
海洋学 | 1280篇 |
天文学 | 613篇 |
综合类 | 819篇 |
自然地理 | 676篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 11篇 |
2023年 | 97篇 |
2022年 | 343篇 |
2021年 | 435篇 |
2020年 | 453篇 |
2019年 | 335篇 |
2018年 | 288篇 |
2017年 | 562篇 |
2016年 | 506篇 |
2015年 | 504篇 |
2014年 | 595篇 |
2013年 | 766篇 |
2012年 | 736篇 |
2011年 | 682篇 |
2010年 | 546篇 |
2009年 | 633篇 |
2008年 | 722篇 |
2007年 | 675篇 |
2006年 | 669篇 |
2005年 | 626篇 |
2004年 | 532篇 |
2003年 | 433篇 |
2002年 | 390篇 |
2001年 | 272篇 |
2000年 | 246篇 |
1999年 | 191篇 |
1998年 | 173篇 |
1997年 | 174篇 |
1996年 | 107篇 |
1995年 | 95篇 |
1994年 | 96篇 |
1993年 | 89篇 |
1992年 | 62篇 |
1991年 | 45篇 |
1990年 | 38篇 |
1989年 | 18篇 |
1988年 | 24篇 |
1987年 | 16篇 |
1986年 | 14篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1954年 | 5篇 |
1897年 | 2篇 |
1880年 | 2篇 |
1877年 | 2篇 |
1875年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
基于15 d的精密卫星钟差数据,从不同角度全面分析6种常用钟差预报模型(LP模型、QP模型、GM模型、SA模型、ARIMA模型、KF模型)基于钟差一次差分预报原理的预报效果,得到以下结论:1)采用钟差一次差分预报原理,可以提高LP模型、SA模型、GM模型及KF模型对于GPS卫星钟差的3 h预报精度,提高QP模型和ARIMA模型对于ⅡF Rb钟的3 h预报精度,提高LP模型和GM模型在6 h和12 h预报中的精度,提高ARIMA模型在6 h、12 h和24 h预报中的精度;2)基于钟差一次差分预报原理的预报结果与卫星及其星载钟类型有关,对于GPS BLOCK ⅡF Rb钟,该预报原理可以提高6种模型的短期预报精度,特别是对GM模型、LP模型和ARIMA模型预报效果的改善最为显著;3)对于3 h和6 h的预报,采用钟差一次差分预报原理的LP模型(DLP模型)对应的RMS值都最小,即DLP模型的预报精度最高,说明钟差一次差分数据更适合一次多项式模型的短期预报。 相似文献
2.
针对卫星钟差不能被精确模型化的问题,将具有较强记忆功能和强大计算能力的Elman神经网络运用到卫星钟差预报中,提出适用于卫星钟差预报的Elman模型。首先对原始钟差数据进行一次差处理,然后选择合适的神经网络结构建立预报效果最佳的Elman钟差预报模型,最后选用国际GNSS服务(IGS)提供的精密钟差数据进行GPS卫星钟差预报,并与二次多项式模型、附加周期项的多项式模型和灰色系统模型进行对比分析。结果表明,Elman模型进行1 d、7 d和30 d钟差预报的精度得到显著提高,分别达到亚ns、ns和μs级,表明该模型的钟差预报性能优于3种常用模型,在卫星钟差预报中具有可行性。 相似文献
3.
4.
针对GNSS坐标时间序列中粗差为三维位置粗差的特点,提出综合三维坐标的迭代最小二乘粗差探测方法。通过实验模拟数据,分别利用3倍中误差(3σ)准则和四分位距(interquartile range, IQR)准则对单方向和综合N、E、U三方向的粗差进行探测。结果表明,2种判别准则中,综合考虑3个方向的探测效果远好于单方向的探测效果,且探测效率均超过95%;3σ准则的探测效率稍高于IQR准则,但误判率也较高。在实测数据中的应用表明,SOPAC(Scrips Orbit and Permanent Array Center)提供的部分raw类型全球IGS站时间序列中粗差占0.1%~4.7%;运用IQR准则综合3个方向的粗差探测得到的时间序列要比cleaned trend类型更加干净。 相似文献
5.
使用FY-3C气象卫星GNSS掩星数据反演得到2017-03-01~2018-02-28大气温度廓线,并估计对流层顶高度变化;然后利用探空气球数据和ERA5模型数据进行验证;最后以2°×2°的空间分辨率将中国区域划分为608个网格,针对每一个单元格,分别计算对流层顶参数,建立格网模型,分析中国区域对流层顶参数的时空分布特征。结果表明,对流层顶参数随纬度具有明显的分带特征,在经度上变化并不明显,表现为南北区域不对称、东西区域较为对称的现象;对流层顶参数具有明显的季节性变化特征。 相似文献
6.
Zhifan Mu Tianxiao Li Dong Liu Qiang Fu Renjie Hou Qinglin Li Yi Ji Song Cui Mo Li 《水文研究》2021,35(4):e14155
To enhance the utilization efficiency of farmland irrigation water and reduce the leakage of water conveyance channels, the leakage process of channels was simulated dynamically. The simulated results were compared with data measured in laboratory experiments, and the performance of the model was evaluated. The results indicated that the simulated values of the model were consistent with the observation values, and the R2 values varied between 0.91 and 0.99. In addition, based on the laboratory experiments, a water supply system (Mariotte bottles) and soil box were built using plexiglass. Three influencing factors, namely, the channel form, soil texture and channel cross-sectional area, were varied to observe and calculate the resulting cumulative infiltration amount, infiltration rate and wetting front migration distance. HYDRUS-3D software was used to solve the three-dimensional soil water movement equation under different initial conditions. The results demonstrated that the U-shaped channel was more effective than the trapezoidal channel in increasing the utilization efficiency of the water resources. A U-shaped channel with a small channel cross-sectional area should be adopted and the soil particle size should be prioritized in the construction of water conveyance channels for farmlands. The simulation results were in agreement with the observed results, which indicates that HYDRUS-3D is a reliable tool that can accurately simulate the soil moisture movement in water conveyance channels. The research results can provide a reference for the design and operation of farmland irrigation systems. 相似文献
7.
首先基于粘弹性有限元模型,结合邯郸地区活动断裂探测、历史强震数据及区内岩石圈介质分布,建立三维粘弹性有限元断层模型;然后代入运动学特征边界条件,模拟目标区活动断裂上发生地震引起的应力应变场变化;最后计算1830年磁县地震引起的周围断裂面和滑动方向上产生的库仑破裂应力变化,分析未来目标区强震危险性。根据实际地质情况和现今运动学条件模拟出的模型结果显示,磁县断裂上1830年磁县地震震中附近库仑应力减小,表明磁县断裂活动减小了1830年磁县地震震中附近的地震危险性;但在磁县断裂中、西段两端与2条北东向断裂(紫山西断裂和太行山山前断裂)交接处附近库仑应力有所加强,未来该地区的地震危险性值得关注。 相似文献
8.
Moritz Nykamp Fabian Becker Ricarda Braun Nadja Pöllath Daniel Knitter Joris Peters Brigitta Schütt 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(2):430-442
This study presents a meta-analysis of radiocarbon ages for the environs of Göbekli Tepe – one of the oldest monumental structures worldwide – using cumulative probability functions to diachronically assess phases of geomorphodynamic activity as controlled by natural or anthropogenic drivers. We employ sediment cascades as a heuristic framework to study the complex responses of the geomorphological system to various triggers at local to supra-regional scales. Possible triggers include climatic variability as documented by supra-regional hydroclimatic proxy data, regional demographic trends, and local to regional socioeconomic developments such as the emergence of sedentism or the introduction and dispersal of livestock herding. Our results show that phases of intensified geomorphodynamic activity occurred between ca. 7.4–7.0 and 5.8–3.3 ka BP. These phases roughly coincide with phases of population growth in southern Turkey and climatic variations in Turkey and the Levant. The phase between ca. 5.8–3.3 ka BP also corresponds to the time when organized agriculture and the seeder plough were introduced. Also, the identified phases are in agreement with the general trend of varying geomorphodynamic activity in the Eastern Mediterranean as driven by human impact and climatic change. However, neither the Younger Dryas–Holocene transition nor the development of herding during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic left a clear signature. We demonstrate how the different depositional environments in the studied landscape compartments vary with respect to their spatiotemporal coverage and discuss challenges when trying to understand processes that once shaped landscapes of past societies. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd 相似文献
9.
As a cold and dry planet, Mars contains water resources in the form of water ice, so that the electromagnetic waves can be transmitted to the deep underground to get the information of the topography and subsurface geological structure. Subsurface penetrating radar(SPR) can be widely used in deep space exploration for a long time because of its non-destructive detection mode and its working characteristics not limited by visible light. It is an important type of equipment for detecting the subsurface structure of planets. Orbiter radar is mainly used in Mars exploration. However, because of its low resolution, it is difficult to describe the near surface structure, so there is a lack of radar data which can reflect the shallow information. In this paper, a three-dimensional near surface model of Utopia Planitia on Mars is established. In order to make the simulation results more reasonable, the key factors such as topographic relief, subsurface rocks and water ice, and the variation of dielectric constant in different layers are taken into account. Then the full polarization forward modeling is carried out by using the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method. The acquired full polarimetric subsurface penetrating radar(FP-SPR) data with noise is preprocessed and further processed by Pauli decomposition. The underground reflection can be picked up more clearly from the Pauli decomposition results. This work is helpful to identify more details of subsurface structures and provides a reference for the measured data in the future. 相似文献
10.
海洋叶绿素a质量浓度遥感产品是海洋初级生产力与海洋生态系统固碳能力研究的重要数据源,为了保证数据的可靠性,对遥感产品进行精度验证以及验证误差的成因分析尤为重要。遥感产品的验证过程中,由于空间变异的存在,使得遥感像元尺度内的实测数据具有不同的离散程度和统计分布特征,并由此产生了不同的误差统计结果。本文选择MODIS-Aqua、MODIS-Terra、MERIS、SeaWiFS等卫星传感器叶绿素a质量浓度遥感产品为研究对象,统计分析了数据产品的空间变异与验证精度的关系。结果表明:空间变异是造成验证误差的直接原因之一,平均绝对百分比误差(Mean Absolute Percentage Error:MAPE)与空间变异系数(Coefficient of Variation: CV)呈幂指数模型关系;当CV<0.05时,MAPE随CV的增加明显;当CV>0.15时,MAPE的变化趋于平缓。不同卫星传感器叶绿素a质量浓度产品验证结果表明,SeaWiFS精度最高,MERIS次之,MODIS-Terra精度最低。 相似文献