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1.
高原涡作为经常给我国带来暴雨等灾害的天气系统,其形成一般认为是通过感热和潜热自下而上激发的,然而,2013年5月下旬发生的一次引发其下游灾害性强降水的高原涡却是由对流层高层天气尺度低涡诱发的。为此,基于新发展的多尺度子空间变换和多尺度能量涡度方法以及ERA5再分析资料对其动力学过程进行了详尽的探讨,先将原始场重构到三个尺度子空间,即背景环流尺度子空间、天气尺度子空间和高频尺度子空间,重构场上首次显示此次过程生成于青藏高原西北侧,其成因为对流层高层基本气流尺度向天气尺度的跨尺度动能正则传输,即正压失稳,并且表现为从高层向下。在发展阶段,其能量最终来源为基本气流向天气尺度的有效位能传输和非绝热加热,然而这些过程只发生于涡旋低层的西侧。进一步分析发现,天气尺度内存在一个能量再分配“路径”:首先,低层西侧获得的有效位能转换为动能,西侧垂直的气压梯度力做功将低层获得动能向高层分配;在高层,水平的气压梯度力做功进而将西侧获得的动能向东侧分配;东侧垂直的气压梯度力做功再将动能向低层分配;至此,低层西侧获得的能量被分配到整个涡旋空间中,使得涡旋能够均匀发展。  相似文献   
2.
研究汛期短时强降水特征,对于南方低山丘陵地区山洪灾害的预报具有重要指导意义。以怀化市为研究区域,基于该区域11个国家站和403个区域自动气象站的2012-2017年4-9月期间逐小时降水量以及相对应的NCEP资料,分析了怀化市短时强降水的时空分布特征,得出了产生短时强降水天气系统模型,结果显示:①汛期短时强降水发生频率较高,时间集中,分布不均。主要出现在5~7月,占4~9月的72.9%,其次在8~9月;北部频数多,中南部少,西部最少,辰溪、麻阳和怀化三县交界处及沅陵县的大合坪附近是频发区域。②短时强降水日变化呈单峰型,4~10时最容易发生,峰值在8时,谷值在23时。③强度越强出现的频次越少;北部的强度和次数大于其它区域;50~79.9 mm/h,占总站数的68.4%;各月国家站的极值乘以2约等于区域站极值。④低涡型短时强降水出现概率最高,低涡位置和移动路径是短时强降水预报的关键点。  相似文献   
3.
A conceptual model with water samples from ten geothermal fields (?smil, Ilg?n (Çavu?cugöl), Tuzlukçu-Ak?ehir, Seydi?ehir and Kavakköy, Hüyük, Ere?li-Akhüyük, Kad?nhan?, Cihanbeyli, Karap?nar and Bey?ehir) in the province of Konya defined the geothermal system. Carbonates, quartzite and marbles of Paleozoic metamorphics are the reservoir rocks and the heating sources are igneous rock intrusions and geothermal gradient. The variable thermal water (CaMgHCO3, CaSO4, NaSO4, CaHCO3, CaNaHCO3, NaCl and CaNaClHCO3) had EC and temperature between 177.8 and 56,100 μS/cm and between 18.3 and 44 °C, respectively. Ca2+ in geothermal fluids are associated with marble and carbonate rocks and the high chloride shows direct connection with deep geothermal system, and prolonged contact with evaporite rocks. Sulphate originates from dissolution of and oxidation of sulphate and sulphur-bearing minerals. The high As, B, F and Mn concentration in some thermal water samples were determined as 85 μg/l, 148.56 mg/l, 3.01 mg/l and 208.13 mg/l, respectively. Reservoir temperatures computed by Na/K geothermometers were between 85.37–158.89 °C for Ak?ehir thermal waters and 58.78–90.45 °C for Ere?li thermal waters. The maximum reservoir temperature of other geothermal waters was 75 °C by the silica geothermometers.  相似文献   
4.
李壮 《地质与勘探》2023,59(2):353-376
中国大陆蕴藏丰富的地热资源,山西省局部地热异常特征明显。通过收集山西省典型地热区域流体数据,选取典型钻孔分析,探讨并总结山西省地热资源赋存规律和成因机制,为后期地热资源勘探及开发利用提供重要参考依据。通过分析研究结果得出以下几点认识:山西省水热型地热储层水温分布在28~78℃,北部以太古代花岗片麻岩为主,中部以古生代灰岩为主,南部以古生代碳酸盐岩为主;北部热源主要来自花岗岩中放射性元素衰变产生热量,中部和南部热源受地幔上隆及岩浆活动影响;省内深大断裂构成地下热水运移通道,热传导性较好;第四纪和第三纪松散层为省内地热良好的保温盖层,岩性以粘土、砂质粘土及砂层为主。结合前人水文地球化学研究成果,认为山西省地热水pH值呈弱碱性,其中Sr、Li、SiO2与Cl大体上存在正相关关系,大部分地热水氚含量小于1TU,水源主要为大气降水补给,部分地热田出现δ18O漂移,氧同位素交换作用显著。  相似文献   
5.
2016年6月海南一次龙卷过程分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用19612015年陕西省70个气象观测站的逐日降水资料,采用线性倾向估计、趋势分析及Mann Kendall等方法,分析了陕西省不同等级降水量、降水日数及降水强度的气候变化特征。结果表明:无论是降水量、降水日数,还是降水强度,均呈现出南多北少的分布特征,且随着降水级别的逐级增加,地区分布差异逐渐增大;整体上降水量和降水日数呈现出减少趋势,其中降水日数的下降趋势均非常显著,全省年均降水日数的气候倾向率达到了-3.83天·10a-1,通过了0.01的显著性检验,降水强度的增加趋势通过了0.05的显著性检验,每10 a全省年均降水强度增加0.15 mm·d-1;陕西降水量及降水日数的减少主要体现在春秋两季小雨及中雨的减少上,小雨降水强度在夏、秋两季的气候倾向率分别为0.05和0.04 mm·d-1·10a-1,其上升趋势分别通过了0.01和0.1的显著性检验,这是年均降水强度上升的主要原因;陕西年均降水量及降水日数自1984年出现了突变性下降,而降水强度的突变则出现在2004年,之后一直呈现持续的上升趋势。  相似文献   
6.
The lithium-rich brine in salt lakes is the main raw material of the world’s lithium products, while the continental geothermal fluids with a high salinity often contain a high concentration of lithium. Continental geothermal system is the focus in the study of geothermal formation mechanism. However, less attention is paid to the system due to the complexity of lithology, and the application of lithium isotopes in this field has not been systematically recognized. The newest application and progress of lithium isotope geochemistry in continental geothermal research in recent years were discussed, the problems in this field were put forward, and future research methods and directions were expected. The study of continental geothermal fluids should attach great importance to the application of Li-B-Sr-U multi-isotopic method, and should also be combined with water-rock reaction experiments under different temperature conditions. Moreover, in the future, the research on continental geothermal system should pay more attention to the various sediment/rock lithium isotopic compositions and their spatio-temporal distribution characteristics in the regional or geothermal field’s scales, mineralogy of reservoir rock, and behaviors of lithium isotopes related to the formation of secondary minerals in the process of water-rock interaction, in order to reveal the complex process of fluid evolution in the geothermal system and provide scientific reference for the exploration, exploitation and utilization of lithium resources in the system.  相似文献   
7.
利用6 h一次、水平分辨率为0.25°×0.25°的ERA-Interim再分析资料,对1979—2016年生成于四川盆地的西南涡的发生和发展进行统计分析。结果表明:四川盆地低涡集中生成于盆地内;在6月生成最多,7月发展最强;按移动情况不同可将其分为5类:东移型、东北移型、东南移型、西移型和少动型;东移型、东南移型、少动型低涡生成个数的峰值在6月,东北移型和西移型低涡生成个数的峰值在7月。夏季5类长生命史四川盆地低涡的结构和降水合成场表明:从发展强度看,东北移型最强,少动型最弱。从成熟期垂直结构看,除西移型外,低涡均随高度向西北或向西倾斜,在对流层低层为冷性结构,中层为暖性结构;东移型、东北移型、西移型低涡的正涡度区在垂直方向伸展更高;除东南移型、西移型低涡的强上升区与其中心重合外,其余类型位于其中心东侧。从降水特征看,除西移型外,其余类型低涡的降水中心均位于其移动路径东侧或东北侧,其中东北移型低涡成熟期6 h累计降水量最大。四川盆地低涡的强上升区、相对湿度大值区、位于对流层低层和中层的辐合辐散中心与降水所在位置有很好的对应关系,各物理量场相互作用共同促进低涡发展。  相似文献   
8.
In the recent decade, the construction projects related to shallow geothermal energy engineering have undergone rapid development in Shandong Province. The predominant type of these developments and applications was heat exchange through buried tubes and the main targets were residential and office buildings. However, an overwhelming majority of the completed geothermal heat pump projects lacked monitoring devices so that they were unable to comprehensively reflect the background values for the geothermal fields within the province and few researches were conducted on their influence on the geological environment. In this paper, locations for monitoring shallow geothermal energy and their validity of the monitoring point deployment were studied in view of the development and application status as well as geological background conditions of various projects located in multiple cities providing data support for analyzing the fluctuation trend and influence of large-scale shallow geothermal energy applications on the shallow geothermal and the feasibility and parameter designs of newly built systems in Shandong Province in the future.  相似文献   
9.
杨晓霞  夏凡  张骞  侯淑梅  刘畅 《气象科技》2018,46(3):605-618
利用各种观测资料和NCEP/NCAR 1×1°再分析资料,对2012年7月30日夜间和31日夜间鲁西北连续两天强降雨天气进行诊断和对比分析。结果表明:强降水产生在西风槽前和副热带高压边缘的偏南暖湿气流中,西风槽稳定少动,台风在东南沿海北上,副高加强北抬,为鲁西北连续两天的强降水提供了天气尺度背景。925hPa及以下的低层,来自于渤海的偏东气流和来自于华东沿海的东南气流同时向鲁西北强降水区输送水汽,低层比湿大,CAPE和K指数较高。第1次强降水产生在偏南气流的暖区中,降水强度大,维持时间短。第2次强降水期间,低层有冷空气锲入,把暖湿气流抬升,前期为对流性降水,中后期转为稳定性降水,降水强度小,维持时间较长。850hPa及以下倒槽式切变线和中尺度低涡环流是造成强降水的中尺度影响系统,近地面层来自于渤海的东北气流与来自于东南沿海的东南暖湿气流形成中尺度涡旋,产生气旋式辐合上升,触发对流不稳定能量释放。对流云团在鲁西北形成长形的中尺度对流系统(MCS),稳定少动,有明显的列车效应和后向传播特征。强降水具有较强的日变化,夜间发展增强,白天减弱。  相似文献   
10.
Based on regional geological setting, stratigraphic distribution and other geological conditions, this paper summarized three types of geothermal reservoirs in the southeast coastal areas of China: Cenozoic sandstone or sandy conglomerate reservoir, Mesozoic granite fissure reservoir and Paleozoic karst reservoir. Cenozoic sandstone or sandy conglomerate reservoirs are mainly located in Cenozoic basins, such as Zhangzhou, Fuzhou, Sanshui and Leiqiong basins. The Tertiary sedimentary basins such as Leiqiong Basin and Sanshui Basin, are controlled by NE-trending faults, while the Quaternary sedimentary such as Zhangzhou and Fuzhou basins are controlled by NW-trending faults. Mesozoic granite fissure reservoirs are mainly distributed in the southeast coastal areas, such as Zhangzhou, Fuzhou, Fengshun, Yangjiang and southern part of Hainan Province. The distribution of good Mesozoic granite fissure reservoir in these areas is mainly controlled by NE-trending faults. Paleozoic carbonate reservoirs are widely distributed in these areas. Most carbonate rocks are from the upper Paleozoic strata, such as those in the area of Huizhou in Guangdong Province. The major types of geothermal systems in the southeast coastal areas of China belong to medium and low-temperature convection. The geothermal resources developed from the ground to-3 000 m underground could be utilized directly for space heating, greenhouse heating, aquaculture pond heating and industrial uses, as well as other purposes. The geothermal resources with a depth of 3 000~6 000 m underground is mainly featured by Hot Dry Rock(HDR) with a temperature ranges from 150 ℃ to 200 ℃, which is conductive to the development of Enhanced Geothermal System(EGS) and can be utilized for power generation.  相似文献   
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