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1998和1999年夏,中国与日本科学家合作在安徽省淮河流域进行了第一次大规模的能量与水循环试验（WCRP/GEWEX/GAME/HUBEX）,其重点是研究东亚梅雨锋系的多尺度,多系统结构、特征、生命史、发生发展机理及其引起洪涝灾害的原因。这是第一次中日合作的气象与水文联合观测试验,在此加强观测的基础上,双方进一步进行了长达5年的资料整理分析和科学研究工作,整个淮河流域能量与水循环试验与研究取得了全面和丰硕的成果。文中介绍了该计划所取得的主要成果,并以现在科学进展的视野重新评估这些成果的科学意义和不足,为进一步开展新的淮河与长江中下游梅雨科学联合试验提供经验和新的研究目标。 相似文献
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淮河流域是中国南北气候重要的过渡带,气象灾害频繁发生。这里水网、农田、丘陵、山地、城镇密布,地-气作用复杂,干冷与暖湿空气时常交汇于此,造成局地或流域旱涝经常发生。淮河流域处于梅雨区,且是中国重要的农业生产基地,具有气象和水文综合观测系统,积累了长序列的气象和水文观测资料。因此,淮河流域是研究能量和水分循环的理想试验区。国家自然科学基金重大项目“淮河流域能量与水分循环试验和研究（HUaihe river Basin Experiment,简称HUBEX）”于1998、1999年夏在淮河流域开展了气象和水文联合观测试验。文中回顾了HUBEX试验的目的、观测网设计与布局,介绍了HUBEX推动下的淮河流域综合观测网的发展,总结了HUBEX观测试验对区域气候事件和暴雨等灾害性天气机理研究、提高模式模拟和预报能力及建立长期连续的气象观测数据集等方面的成果和作用。 相似文献
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CLM在淮河流域数值模拟试验 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
文中利用 1998年HUCEX资料对CommonLandModel(CLM )的模拟能力进行了验证。结果表明 ,CLM不但能够较好地模拟陆 气间各种能量通量 ,而且还能模拟出土壤中温度的时空分布特征。春季 ,CLM对潜热模拟偏高 ,从而引起土壤温度模拟偏低 ;而在夏季 ,潜热模拟偏低 ,在旱地下垫面由于净辐射模拟偏低使土壤温度的模拟仍然偏低 ,水田下垫面的土壤温度模拟趋向合理。夏季的水田无论在对大气的能量输送还是土壤的温度分布上 ,都有其特殊性 ,需在陆面模式中予以特殊的考虑。 相似文献
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In different synoptic conditions and at different time scales,the analysis of the energy budgets by Bowen Ratio Method and Bulk Schemes over Huaihe River Basin during the field observation periods of HUBEX in 1999 shows that,(1) the averaged latent heat flux is an order of magnitude more than the averaged sensible heat flux during the observation period:(2) the variation of totalcloud amount is out of phase with the terms of energy budgets except for the downward longwave radiation which maybe is related to the cloud's height and class:(3) the values of sensible and latent heat fluxes are small during rain episodes,but thereafter,the values become high and then up to maximum.It is similar to the other terms of the energy budgets except for the downward longwave radiation.The diurnal variation of energy budgets indicates that the daytime precipitation exerts great influence to the energy budgets,but the nighttime precipitation makes little influence;(4) the variation of the latent heat flux is in phase with the evaporation,which indicates that the latent heat flux calculated by bulk schemes is reliable:(5) the means of the sensible and latent heat flux and momentum flux by bulk schemes for the time period from May to August are,respectively,30.71W/m2.116.81W/m2.2.86×10-2N/m2 in 1998 and 30.28W/m2,107.35W/m2,2.74×10-2N/m2 in 1999.The values of these two years are similar.During summer in 1999 the magnitude and activity of sensible heat flux are strongest in June and those of the latent heat flux are in August. 相似文献
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In different synoptic conditions and at different time scales,the analysis of the energy budgetsby Bowen Ratio Method and Bulk Schemes over Huaihe River Basin during the field observationperiods of HUBEX in 1999 shows that,(1)the averaged latent heat flux is an order of magnitudemore than the averaged sensible heat flux during the observation period:(2)the variation of totalcloud amount is out of phase with the terms of energy budgets except for the downward longwaveradiation which maybe is related to the cloud's height and class:(3)the values of sensible andlatent heat fluxes are small during rain episodes,but thereafter,the values become high and thenup to maximum.It is similar to the other terms of the energy budgets except for the downwardlongwave radiation.The diurnal variation of energy budgets indicates that the daytime precipitationexerts great influence to the energy budgets,but the nighttime precipitation makes little influence;(4)the variation of the latent heat flux is in phase with the evaporation,which indicates that thelatent heat flux calculated by bulk schemes is reliable:(5)the means of the sensible and latentheat flux and momentum flux by bulk schemes for the time period from May to August are,respectively,30.71W/m~2.116.81W/m~2.2.86×10~(-2)N/m~2 in 1998 and 30.28W/m~2,107.35W/m~2,2.74×10~(-2)N/m~2 in 1999.The values of these two years are similar.During summer in1999 the magnitude and activity of sensible heat flux are strongest in June and those of the latentheat flux are in August. 相似文献
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使用1998年夏季高分辨率的GAME再分析资料，通过计算热量和水汽收支，分析了江淮梅雨的热力和动力特征。梅雨期间，江淮整个地区为强热源及水汽汇控制，并伴有强上升运动。热量和水汽收支计算表明，非绝热加热主要是降水产生的凝结潜热释放，地面感热和蒸发耗热均较小。江淮梅雨降水是对流云和层状云共同产生的混合性降水。子波分析显示，热源、水汽汇和垂直运动有相似的时间变化和多尺度特征。江淮梅雨期间，周期约为6天的天气尺度扰动以及周期约为2天和12小时的中尺度扰动同时发展，使江淮地区产生暴雨，亚引起了热源、水汽汇和上升运动的最大值，对此中尺度扰动起了主要作用。 相似文献
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1998年夏季中日合作开展了淮河流域能量与水分循环试验（HUBEX），该试验和GAME其他试验的探空加密观测资料作为原始资料的一部分经过同化分析，得到了GAME再分析资料。该文就是以1998年6～8月我国江淮地区的天气过程为背景，对GAME和NCEP两组不同的再分析资料的基本要素场、导数场、降水量场和地面通量场用气候诊断和统计的方法进行了对比分析。结果表明，在对流层低层和中高层GAME再分析资料的基本要素场及地面的降水场和通量场较NCEP再分析资料更为准确；GAME再分析资料能很好地反映出西南涡东移并影响江淮大暴雨的重要天气特征，而NCEP资料则反映不出这一现象。同时还得到，GAME再分析资料优于NCEP再分析资料的主要原因是GAME的资料同化系统中加入了包括HUBEX等气象科学试验的探空加密观测资料。因此，该文证实了GAME的外场加密观测试验—HUBEX等开展的必要性，说明增加观测资料的时空分辨率对于提高我国天气气候的预报准确率具有重要意义。 相似文献
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1998年夏季HUBEX/GAME期间热量和水汽收支(英) 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
By using the high-resolution GAME reanalysis data, the heat and moisture budgets during the period of HUBEX/GAME in the summer of 1998 are calculated for exploring the thermodynamic features of Meiyu over the Changjiang-Huaihe (CH) valley. During the CH Meiyu period, an intensive vertically-integrated heat source and moisture sink are predominant over the heavy rainfall area of the CH valley, accompanied by strong upward motion at 500 hPa. The heat and moisture budgets show that the main diabatic heating component is condensation latent heat released by rainfall. As residual terms, the evaporation and sensible heating are relatively small. Based on the vertical distribution of the heat source and moisture sink, the nature of the rainfall is mixed, in which the convective rainfall is dominant with a considerable percentage of continuous stratiform rainfall. There are similar time evolutions of the main physical parameters(〈Q1〉,〈Q2〉,and vertical motion ω at 500 hPa).The time variations of〈Q1〉and〈Q2〉are in phase with those of -ω500, and have their main peaks within the CH Meiyu period. This shows the influence of the heat source on the dynamic structure of the atmosphere. The wavelet analyses of those time series display similar multiple timescale characteristics. During the CH Meiyu period, both the synoptic scale(～6 days) and mesoscale (～2 days and ～12 hours) increase obviously and cause heavy rainfall as well as the appearances of the maxima of the main physical parameters. Among them, the mesoscale systems are the main factors. 相似文献
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