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1.
基于15 d的精密卫星钟差数据,从不同角度全面分析6种常用钟差预报模型(LP模型、QP模型、GM模型、SA模型、ARIMA模型、KF模型)基于钟差一次差分预报原理的预报效果,得到以下结论:1)采用钟差一次差分预报原理,可以提高LP模型、SA模型、GM模型及KF模型对于GPS卫星钟差的3 h预报精度,提高QP模型和ARIMA模型对于ⅡF Rb钟的3 h预报精度,提高LP模型和GM模型在6 h和12 h预报中的精度,提高ARIMA模型在6 h、12 h和24 h预报中的精度;2)基于钟差一次差分预报原理的预报结果与卫星及其星载钟类型有关,对于GPS BLOCK ⅡF Rb钟,该预报原理可以提高6种模型的短期预报精度,特别是对GM模型、LP模型和ARIMA模型预报效果的改善最为显著;3)对于3 h和6 h的预报,采用钟差一次差分预报原理的LP模型(DLP模型)对应的RMS值都最小,即DLP模型的预报精度最高,说明钟差一次差分数据更适合一次多项式模型的短期预报。  相似文献   
2.
利用地震前后的Landsat-8和Sentinel-2光学遥感影像数据,基于频率域互相关算法提取加利福尼亚州MW7.1及MW6.4地震的同震形变场,同时针对形变数据易受轨道误差、条带误差及时间失相干的影响,分别采用最小二乘多项式曲线拟合、改进均值相减等方法去除系统误差项。研究表明,MW7.1主震以右旋走滑为主,地表形变的断层迹线呈NNW走向,长度达55 km,最大滑移量约为2.82 m;MW6.4地震的发震断层迹线呈NE走向,长度达15 km,最大滑移量约为1.05 m,推测2次地震的发震断层分别为NNW向右旋走滑断裂及NE向左旋走滑断裂,二者形成典型的共轭关系。  相似文献   
3.
针对卫星钟差不能被精确模型化的问题,将具有较强记忆功能和强大计算能力的Elman神经网络运用到卫星钟差预报中,提出适用于卫星钟差预报的Elman模型。首先对原始钟差数据进行一次差处理,然后选择合适的神经网络结构建立预报效果最佳的Elman钟差预报模型,最后选用国际GNSS服务(IGS)提供的精密钟差数据进行GPS卫星钟差预报,并与二次多项式模型、附加周期项的多项式模型和灰色系统模型进行对比分析。结果表明,Elman模型进行1 d、7 d和30 d钟差预报的精度得到显著提高,分别达到亚ns、ns和μs级,表明该模型的钟差预报性能优于3种常用模型,在卫星钟差预报中具有可行性。  相似文献   
4.
利用德克萨斯大学空间研究中心(CSR)发布的GRACE时变重力场模型,基于最大信噪比准则确定RL06球谐系数模型(spherical harmonics,SH)的最优高斯滤波半径,在此基础上反演2002-04~2020-05刚果河流域陆地水储量变化,结合水文与降雨、蒸散资料分析其驱动因素。研究结果表明,GRACE模型估计的刚果河流域水储量变化和水文模型估计的地表水储量变化的周年振幅一致,表明刚果河流域的陆地水储量周年变化驱动因素为地表水。对于年际变化,2002-04~2020-05陆地水储量变化呈轻微增加趋势,2002-04~2006-12明显减少,RL06 SH模型估计结果为-2.30±0.24 cm/a;2007-01~2010-12呈现增加趋势,为0.38±0.24 cm/a;2011-01~2020-05水储量增速变大,为0.92±0.12 cm/a,该结果与CSR Mascon估计结果一致。  相似文献   
5.
We report on a hexactinellid sponge new to science, Walteria demeterae sp. nov., which was collected from the northwestern Pacific seamounts at depths of 1271–1703 m. Its tubular and basiphytous body, extensive lateral processes, numerous oval lateral oscula which are irregularly situated in the body wall, the presence of microscleres with oxyoidal, discoidal and onychoidal outer ends, and the absence of anchorate discohexasters, indicate it belongs to the genus Walteria of family Euplectellidae, which is also supported by molecular phylogenetic evidence from 18S, 28S, 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences. The unique morphotype, which is structured by a thin and rigid framework of body wall and lateral processes consisting of diactins, characterizes it as a new species. Local aggregations of individuals of this new species coupled with their associated macrofauna in the Suda Seamount are reported, highlighting its functional significance in providing biogenic microhabitats in the deep sea.  相似文献   
6.
Zhejiang Province, located in the Yangtze River Delta region, is representative of China's economically developed areas. It enjoys superior natural conditions and a long history of agriculture, and is a comprehensive agricultural area with integrated development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery. It has nurtured the farming culture represented by Hemudu culture and Liangzhu culture, which have given rise to numerous precious Agricultural Heritage Systems. At present, Zhejiang Province has three of the world’s Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) and 12 China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (China-NIAHS), so it not only has the largest number of heritages in China, but it has also attained remarkable achievements in heritage conservation. Taking Zhejiang Province as an example in combination with the rural revitalization strategy, this paper summarizes the achievements in the protection of Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (IAHS) in Zhejiang Province during the past 15 years from the aspects of increasing farmers’ income, cultural Inheritance and industrial upgrading, as well as the conservation experiences in government promotion, community initiative, enterprise participation, technology driving and social linkage. Further, in view of the problems that exist in the current heritage protection,such as imperfect management of heritage sites, low participation of community residents, lack of special protection funds, and imperfect provincial management system,the following countermeasures and suggestions are put forward: (1) Improve the management mechanism for the conservation and development of Agricultural Heritage Systems; (2) Develop regional public branding of agricultural products in Agricultural Heritage System sites; (3) Increase the Agricultural Heritage System science education as well as cultural and creative product development; (4) Carry out the evaluation and recognition of IAHS at the provincial level; and (5) Provide substantial support and input to the conservation and utilization of IAHS. This study can provide some guidance for the conservation of IAHS in Zhejiang Province and it provides important reference for IAHS in the economically developed areas in China.  相似文献   
7.
基于2018年12月至2020年3月喀左、沈阳、辽阳、满洲里4个国家级地面气象站人工冻土器与测温式冻土自动观测仪观测的资料,对人工冻土观测获得的冻点与测温式冻土自动观测仪获得的相应深度的温度进行对比分析。结果表明:人工冻土器获取的冻点对应的土壤温度与0℃总体一致,又不完全重合;0—35 cm深度范围,冻点对应的温度变化范围为-2~6℃,呈现跳跃性变化。35 cm以下深度范围,冻土冻点对应的温度变化范围为-0.5~1.0℃;融化过程冻点对应的平均温度高于冻结过程冻点对应的平均温度。从完全融化时间上来看,人工冻土器观测到的完全融化时间晚于测温式冻土仪0℃线完全消失的时间。人工冻土观测的实质是获得土壤温度0℃点所在位置。灌注不同台站水的冻土器内管在相同的温度环境下,冻结与融化状态无明显区别;人工冻土器内管冻结过程是温度和持续时间双重作用的结果,深层土壤温度变化缓慢,使得内管中的水冻结和融化需要的时间长。另外,作为接触式测温设备,减小外因产生的时滞是提高其灵敏度的重要环节,建议测温式冻土仪的外管壁使用温度滞后效应更小的金属外管。  相似文献   
8.
Soil resources in parts of Tanzania are rapidly being depleted by increased rates of soil erosion and downstream sediment transport, threatening ecosystem health, water and livelihood security in the region. However, incomplete understanding to what effect the dynamics of soil erosion and sediment transport are responding to land-use changes and climatic variability are hindering the actions needed to future-proof Tanzanian land-use practices. Complementary environmental diagnostic tools were applied to reconstruct the rates and sources of sedimentation over time in three Tanzanian river systems that have experienced changing land use and climatic conditions. Detailed historical analysis of sediment deposits revealed drastic changes in sediment yield and source contributions. Quantitative sedimentation reconstruction using radionuclide dating showed a 20-fold increase in sediment yield over the past 120 years. The observed dramatic increase in sediment yield is most likely driven by increasing land-use pressures. Deforestation, cropland expansion and increasing grazing pressures resulted into accelerating rates of sheet erosion. A regime shift after years of progressive soil degradation and convergence of surface flows resulted into a highly incised landscape, where high amounts of eroded soil from throughout the catchment are rapidly transported downstream by strongly connected ephemeral drainage networks. By integrating complementary spatial and temporal evidence bases, this study demonstrated links between land-use change, increased soil erosion and downstream sedimentation. Such evidence can guide stakeholders and policy makers in the design of targeted management interventions to safeguard future soil health and water quality.  相似文献   
9.
Wildfire increases the potential connectivity of runoff and sediment throughout watersheds due to greater bare soil, runoff and erosion as compared to pre-fire conditions. This research examines the connectivity of post-fire runoff and sediment from hillslopes (< 1.5 ha; n = 31) and catchments (< 1000 ha; n = 10) within two watersheds (< 1500 ha) burned by the 2012 High Park Fire in northcentral Colorado, USA. Our objectives were to: (1) identify sources and quantify magnitudes of post-fire runoff and erosion at nested hillslopes and watersheds for two rain storms with varied duration, intensity and antecedent precipitation; and (2) assess the factors affecting the magnitude and connectivity of runoff and sediment across spatial scales for these two rain storms. The two summer storms that are the focus of this research occurred during the third summer after burning. The first storm had low intensity rainfall over 11 hours (return interval <1–2 years), whereas the second event had high intensity rainfall over 1 hour (return interval <1–10 years). The lower intensity storm was preceded by high antecedent rainfall and led to low hillslope sediment yields and channel incision at most locations, whereas the high intensity storm led to infiltration-excess overland flow, high sediment yields, in-stream sediment deposition and channel substrate fining. For both storms, hillslope-to-stream sediment delivery ratios and area-normalised cross-sectional channel change increased with the percent of catchment that burned at high severity. For the high intensity storm, hillslope-to-stream sediment delivery ratios decreased with unconfined channel length (%). The findings quantify post-fire connectivity and sediment delivery from hillslopes and streams, and highlight how different types of storms can cause varying magnitues and spatial patterns of sediment transport and deposition from hillslopes through stream channel networks.  相似文献   
10.
地形对黄土高原滑坡的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
高分辨率地形与影像数据的缺乏已成为研究地表现象、特征与过程的重要瓶颈。低成本无人机设备和摄影测量技术的发展,打开了地学领域获取高分辨率数据的大门,大大提高了地质灾害野外调查与灾害编目的精度与效率。本文通过无人机野外调查和遥感室内目视解译,构建了一个包含307个黄土滑坡属性的数据库。在此基础上,通过数字地形分析和数理统计等方法,总结归纳了黄土滑坡样本数据的分布规律,探讨了地形对黄土滑坡分布的影响,阐述了地形相对高差对最长滑动距离、滑坡周长、滑坡面积的影响,提出了基于传统经验公式拟合的滑坡规模快速预测公式。结果表明:① 滑坡规模—频率分布具有明显的规律性,不同最大长度、最大宽度和周长的黄土滑坡数量分布均呈现正偏态分布,而不同面积的滑坡数量分布则服从幂函数分布;② 地形对黄土滑坡发育控制作用明显,不同地形高差、平均坡度、坡形的斜坡单元滑坡发育数量差异较大;③ 地形相对高差与滑坡的最长滑距、周长和面积的拟合曲线很好地符合幂律分布规律,但不同地形区的拟合效果有所差异,黄土丘陵区拟合效果最好,黄土高原全区次之,黄土台塬区最差;④ 本文建立的黄土滑坡规模快速预测模型,为黄土滑坡灾害调查提供了经验公式支撑。  相似文献   
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