青海共和盆地地热资源热源机制与聚热模式   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

唐显春  王贵玲  马岩  张代磊  刘忠  赵旭  程天君 《地质学报》2020,94(7):2052-2065

青海共和盆地东侧贵德扎仓热田是探讨共和盆地地热资源成因的关键地区。本文综合区域地质、岩石热物性、同位素年代学、水文地球化学和地球物理测量等方法,重点分析了共和盆地的构造背景和热源机制,深入研究了共和盆地地热能系统的关键环节。研究发现:①识别出盆地地壳15 km以下深度发育高导体,并可与新生代青藏高原东部中-下地壳发育的层状低速高导层对比;②近NW-NS向的瓦里贡左旋走滑逆冲断裂是扎仓热田重要的控热和导热断裂;③晚中生代花岗岩与上覆围岩具有显著的热导率;④温泉氢氧同位素指示水源以地表水补给为主;⑤存在浅层新生界碎屑岩中-低温热储和深层花岗岩中-高温热储,发育四层两类地热资源。综合分析提出了共和盆地干热岩三元聚热模式:即新生代中-下地壳发育的高温低速高导层是主要热源,中晚三叠世花岗岩是良好的导热和储热体,既是干热岩母岩,也是热储,新生代低热导率沉积岩是良好的盖层。研究对于青藏高原地热成因、资源预测、开发规划等具有参考意义。  相似文献   

辽宁省积雪对自动气象站观测地气温差的影响     

朱玲  顾正强  龚强  晁华  李杨  徐红  周晓宇  沈历都  蔺娜 《冰川冻土》2019,41(2):293-303

利用1971—2016年辽宁省61个气象站气温、地表温度、积雪日数和积雪深度资料，分析了积雪的保温作用及其对地气温差的影响。结果表明：更换自动站前后地表温度观测方式的差异导致地气温差显著增大，地气温差的增大程度受所在区域积雪日数、积雪深度的影响显著。在积雪期较长、积雪较厚的地区，积雪引起反照率增大，使得雪面温度降低，导致雪气温差减小，而雪的保温作用使得地气温差显著增大。因此，更换自动站前地（雪）气温差与积雪日数呈显著负相关，而更换自动站后地气温差与积雪日数呈显著正相关。各台站之间地气温差随积雪深度的变化系数差异较大，为0.045~0.858 ℃?cm^-1，在年平均积雪日数＜40 d、年平均极端积雪深度＜10 cm的区域，积雪的保温作用随积雪深度增大而显著增大；在年平均积雪日数＞40 d、年平均极端积雪深度＞10 cm的区域，10 cm以下的积雪对土壤保温作用随积雪深度增大显著，当积雪深度＞10 cm后，其保温作用随积雪深度增大的幅度明显减小。  相似文献   

地表暖化影响下温度示踪地下水流速方法     

董林垚  任洪玉  雷俊山  刘纪根 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2019,49(3):773-783

为构建温度示踪方法测算地下水流速技术体系，并应用于区域地下水资源评价，基于最小二乘法和垂向一维非稳定流水-热运移方程数值解法，提出地表暖化情形下地下水流速计算方法，并对雷州半岛东北部地下水流速进行测算。结果表明：研究区域地下水补给速度为0.796 m/a，入渗以西北部降水和运河渗漏为主；地下水排泄速度为0.269 m/a，排泄入海主要发生在东海岛、南三岛和硵州岛附近。温度示踪解析区域地下水流动情况与地下水位分布情况基本一致，观测和计算地温数据具有较强相关性（R²>0.50）和较低均方根误差（均值0.748），表明提出方法率定得到的地下水流速具有较强的可靠性。参数敏感性分析结果表明，地质体热扩散率和地表温度均对地温计算结果产生较明显的影响，参数的准确率定对利用地温计算地下水流速十分重要。  相似文献   

Density effects on solute release from streambeds     

Guangqiu Jin  Wenhai Yang  Huiyu Xu  Zhongtian Zhang  Saiyu Yuan  Hongwu Tang  Ling Li  David Andrew Barry 《水文研究》2020,34(5):1144-1153

Contaminants that entered the streambed during previous surface water pollution events can be released to the stream, causing secondary pollution of the stream and impacting its eco-environmental condition. By means of laboratory experiments and numerical simulations, we investigated density effects on the release of solute from periodic bedforms. The results show that solute release from the upper streambed is driven by bedform-induced convection, and that density effects generally inhibit the solute release from the lower streambed. Density gradients modify the pore water flow patterns and form circulating flows in the area of lower streambed. The formation of circulating flows is affected by density gradients associated with the solute concentration and horizontal pressure gradients induced by stream slope. The circulating flows near the bottom of the streambed enhance mixing of the hyporheic zone and the ambient flow zone.  相似文献   

Beaver dam analogues drive heterogeneous groundwater–surface water interactions     

Jeffrey Wade  Laura Lautz  Christa Kelleher  Philippe Vidon  Julianne Davis  Julio Beltran  Casey Pearce 《水文研究》2020,34(26):5340-5353

Beaver dam analogues (BDAs) are a cost-effective stream restoration approach that leverages the recognized environmental benefits of natural beaver dams on channel stability and local hydrology. Although natural beaver dams are known to exert considerable influence on the hydrologic conditions of a stream system by mediating geomorphic processes, nutrient cycling, and groundwater–surface water interactions, the impacts of beaver-derived restoration methods on groundwater–surface water exchange are poorly characterized. To address this deficit, we monitored hyporheic exchange fluxes and streambed porewater biogeochemistry across a sequence of BDAs installed along a central Wyoming stream during the summer of 2019. Streambed fluxes were quantified by heat tracing methods and vertical hydraulic gradients. Biogeochemical activity was evaluated using major ion porewater chemistry and principal component analysis. Vertical fluxes of approximately 1.0 m/day were observed around the BDAs, as was the development of spatially heterogeneous zones of nitrate production, groundwater upwelling, and anaerobic reduction. Strong contrasts in hyporheic zone processes were observed across BDAs of differing sizes. This suggests that structures may function with size-dependent behaviour, only altering groundwater–surface water interactions after a threshold hydraulic step height is exceeded. Patterns of hyporheic exchange and biogeochemical cycling around the studied BDAs resemble those around natural beaver dams, suggesting that BDAs may provide comparable benefits to channel complexity and near-stream function over a 1-year period.  相似文献   

路网约束条件下热力规则设计与试验     

杜晓  周玉秀  周琦  郑义  张俊辉  林尚纬  陈利军 《测绘通报》2020,(7):18-21

热力图是一种能直观准确展示空间观测值的有效工具，在多个领域具有广泛应用。本文在分析设定不同道路层权重、道路技术等级分类的基础上，以反距离权重、直方图均衡化、密度补偿、参数多次迭代等方法，研究构建了以热力方式展示道路网分布及发达程度的相关规则体系。热力规则通过道路赋权、路线曲面化、密度协调、图面综合等多套规则的有机结合，实现了道路网总体发达水平信息的提取与展示，并以全球地理信息资源建设项目路网成果中的亚洲和非洲部分国家数据为例，进行了信息提取与热力分布试验。  相似文献   

Swelter in the city: Urban greenery and its effects on temperature in Guwahati,India     

Monjit Borthakur  Anup Saikia  Kiran Sharma 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2020,41(3):341-366

Changing urban landscape with multistoried high rises, roads and pavements is continuously reducing urban green space. These structures result in high surface temperature variation within cities. To explore the relationship between surface temperature and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), this study estimates two models—geographically weighted regression (GWR) and a fixed effect panel data model in relation to the Guwahati Metropolitan Area (GMA), a secondary city in north east India. The results indicate the superiority of GWR regression in presence of spatial dependence. Panel data analysis shows that the densely populated urban areas in the GMA with less than 10 per cent greenery are 1°C warmer than the sub-urban areas with 50 per cent greenery.  相似文献   

燕山中部大地热流及岩石圈热结构特征——以承德市七家- 茅荆坝地热田为例     

刘峰  王贵玲  张薇  岳晨  陆川  黄起伟  欧小科 《地质学报》2020,94(7):1950-1959

燕山中部地区地热资源丰富,地热地质条件较好,但该地区大地热流测量工作较少,岩石圈热结构研究尚未开展,制约了该地区的地热地质研究与资源勘探开发。本文以该地区的七家-茅荆坝地热田为典型区,结合地温测井、取样测试、数据收集与分析,初步查明燕山中部大地热流特征及浅部-深部岩层热物性特征,填补了大地热流值测量空白区,在此基础上建立了研究区热结构概念模型,估算其深部地温分布。研究得出燕山中部大地热流值变化较大,平均约57 mW/m~2,与周边温泉水温存在较好的相关关系。其中七家-茅荆坝地热田大地热流值较高,为74.9 mW/m~2。通过深部地温分布计算得出七家—茅荆坝地区居里面埋深为21.5～22.8 km,莫霍面温度约815℃,分析结果与前人研究成果较为一致,验证了本文所建立岩石圈热结构模型的准确性。  相似文献   

基于高导热材料填充漏失构造的深井换热器性能分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卜宪标  蒋坤卿  李华山  王令宝 《地质学报》2020,94(7):2139-2146

地热供暖可有效缓解北方雾霾天气。干热岩虽然储量丰富，但增强型地热技术由于开发费用较高，裂隙控制以及避免诱发地震的技术尚不成熟，现阶段还不能商业化应用。水热型地热开发技术虽较成熟，但受资源条件的限制，开发规模较小。对于大多地区，受地质构造和资源禀赋的控制，单井产水量较低或者回灌难，开发经济效益较差。深井换热器（DBHE）技术是开采地热水低产区或回灌难地区热能的有效方式，但受制于岩石导热系数低，单井输出功率小，投资回收期长。为提高DBHE的输出功率，本文提出了增强型深井换热器（EDBHE），通过主动将高导热性能的复合填充剂流进漏失构造的方式提高岩石的导热性能，通过调节回压、密度和黏度来控制漏失量。研究结果表明，单井EDBHE十个采暖季的平均取热功率为1002. 34 kW，是DBHE(424. 45 kW)的2. 36倍。而双井EDBHE十个采暖季的平均取热功率更是达到了27501. 61 kW，且热输出稳定，每年的衰减率0. 95%。EDBHE技术有效利用了出水量低或回灌难的水热型热储，大幅提高了其出力，扩大了地热供暖的应用范围。  相似文献   

Terrestrial heat flow and lithospheric thermal structure in the Chagan Depression of the Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin,north central China     

Yinhui Zuo  Shu Jiang  Shihu Wu  Wei Xu  Jiong Zhang  Renpeng Feng  Meihua Yang  Yongshui Zhou  M. Santosh 《Basin Research》2020,32(6):1328-1346

The Chagan Depression in the Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin, located at the intersection of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and the Tethys Ocean domains is an important region to gain insights on terrestrial heat flow, lithospheric thermal structure and deep geodynamic processes. Here, we compute terrestrial heat flow values in the Chagan Depression using a large set of system steady-state temperature data from four representative wells and rock thermal conductivity. We also estimate the “thermal” lithospheric thickness, mantle heat flow, ratio of mantle heat flow to surface heat flow and Moho temperature to evaluate the regional tectonic framework and deep dynamics. The results show that the heat flow in the Chagan Depression ranges from 66.5 to 69.8 mW/m², with an average value of 68.3 ± 1.2 mW/m². The Chagan Depression is characterized by a thin “thermal” lithosphere, high mantle heat flow, and high Moho temperature, corresponding to the lithospheric thermal structure of “cold mantle and hot crust” type. We correlate the formation of the Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin to the Early Cretaceous and Cenozoic subduction of the western Pacific Plate and the Cenozoic multiple extrusions. Our results provide new insights into the thermal structure and dynamics of the lithospheric evolution in central China.  相似文献