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1.
Impact of Cloud Microphysical Processes on the Simulation of Typhoon Rananim near Shore. Part II: Typhoon Intensity and Track 
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下载免费PDF全文 The impact of cloud microphysical processes on the simulated intensity and track of Typhoon Rananim is discussed and analyzed
in the second part of this study. The results indicate that when the cooling effect due to evaporation of rain water is excluded,
the simulated 36-h maximum surface wind speed of Typhoon Rananim is about 7 m s−1 greater than that from all other experiments; however, the typhoon landfall location has the biggest bias of about 150 km
against the control experiment. The simulated strong outer rainbands and the vertical shear of the environmental flow are
unfavorable for the deepening and maintenance of the typhoon and result in its intensity loss near the landfall. It is the
cloud microphysical processes that strengthen and create the outer spiral rainbands, which then increase the local convergence
away from the typhoon center and prevent more moisture and energy transport to the inner core of the typhoon. The developed
outer rainbands are supposed to bring dry and cold air mass from the middle troposphere to the planetary boundary layer (PBL).
The other branch of the cold airflow comes from the evaporation of rain water itself in the PBL while the droplets are falling.
Thus, the cut-off of the warm and moist air to the inner core and the invasion of cold and dry air to the eyewall region are
expected to bring about the intensity reduction of the modeled typhoon. Therefore, the deepening and maintenance of Typhoon
Rananim during its landing are better simulated through the reduction of these two kinds of model errors. 相似文献
2.
Asymmetric rainband breaking in Typhoon Haitang (2005) before and after its landfall 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Using the WRF (Weather Research Forecast) model, this work performed analysis and simulation on the rainband change during the landfall of Typhoon Haitang (2005) and found that breaking may occur over land and oceans leads to distinct asymmetric precipitation. The breaking is related to the topographic effect as well as interactions between the typhoon and midlatitude systems at upper levels. During the landfall, divergent flows at the 200-hPa level of the South-Asian high combined with divergent flows at the periphery of the typhoon to form a weak, inverted trough in the northwest part of the storm, with the mid- and low-level divergence fields on the west and northwest side of the typhoon center maintaining steadily. It intensifies the upper-level cyclonic flows, in association with positive vorticity rotating counterclockwise together with air currents that travel stepwise into a vorticity zone in the vicinity of the typhoon core, thereby forming a vorticity transfer belt in 22–25? N that extends to the eastern part of the storm. It is right here that the high-level vorticity band is subsiding so that rainfall is prevented from developing, resulting in the rainbelt breaking, which is the principal cause of asymmetric precipitation occurrence. Migrating into its outer region, the banded vorticity of Haitang at high levels causes further amplification of the cyclonic circulation in the western part and transfer of positive vorticity into the typhoon such that the rainband breaking is more distinct. 相似文献
3.
2019年9号台风利奇马在浙江造成极端降水,其中8月9日白天浙江东部受台风外围螺旋雨带长时间影响,9日夜间在台风内核对流影响下降水有显著增强;降水中心与浙江临海地区的天台山、括苍山和雁荡山等地形特征密切相关。GPM（Global Precipitation Measure）卫星遥感反演表明近岸台风螺旋雨带以层积混合型降水为主,台风眼墙区域以热带暖云对流型降水为主;眼墙区雨滴有效直径更大、雨滴数密度更高,有利于形成高降水强度。台风登陆前移动速度较慢,浙江沿海地区维持低层锋生和辐合,有利于外围螺旋雨带降水维持和增强;登陆前后受环境垂直切变等因素影响,台风中心左前侧眼墙区域对流活跃,在登陆点附近强降水区偏向于台风中心左侧。分钟级降水观测表明台风登陆期间浙江近海山区降水强度2~3倍于平原地区,其中地形性降水增幅效应与台风对流非对称结构差异对降水影响程度基本相当,有利于在台风中心左前侧的括苍山—雁荡山山区形成强降水中心。 相似文献
4.
一次东北冷涡中对流云带的宏微物理结构探测研究 总被引：11，自引：4，他引：11
利用2003年7月8日的东北冷涡中对流云带的飞机穿云观测资料，结合雷达、卫星云图及天气图等资料，详细分析了此次冷涡对流云带的宏观特征、微物理结构，并对降水形成机制进行初步探讨。此次东北冷涡对流云系具有明显的带状水平回波结构，中等强度，垂直尺度小（小于6 km），云过冷液态水含量丰富，最大可达3.3 g/m3，云的上部过冷水含量也达到2.0 g/m3。对流云带的上部存在冰粒子高浓度区，最大值为1062 L-1，出现在5242 m（-6.8℃） 处，这些冰粒子在高过冷水含量区的快速长大对降水产生起到重要作用。云滴直径与云滴浓度在0℃层附近呈现负相关性；通过分析解释了上升气流强的区域有更小的云滴粒子和冰晶粒子的原因，上升气流的作用造成了0℃层以下粒子浓度的积累。在弱上升气流区，2-DC观测的粒子浓度，高浓度区对应小粒子多，低浓度区对应大粒子多。并初步探讨了冷涡对流云带可能存在冰晶繁生过程。 相似文献
5.
东亚夏季风雨带和西太平洋副高季节变化的耦合特征 总被引：9，自引：6，他引：9
利用NCEP／NCAR数据集中1950～1999年4～9月500hPa位势高度和逐日降水率(PRATE)资料，通过奇异值分解，主要探讨了东亚夏季风雨带与西太平洋副高季节移动的耦合关系。分析发现，模态方差的大小只反映模态对整个分析时段和整个分析区域贡献的大小，但对某些时段、某些区域来说，方差较小模态的贡献很大；因而仅以模态方差贡献的大小来判定模态的重要性是不完全的，只有多个模态的配合才能比较全面地揭示两个场的耦合特征。结果表明：东亚夏季风雨带在不同地区的跳跃对应着西太平洋副高的三次突变，不同模态对三次突变有不同的贡献。 相似文献
6.
冷锋云系降水中尺度结构的一次TRMM卫星观测和特征分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用TRMM（the tropical rainfall measuring mission）卫星资料,对一次低槽冷锋云系和江淮气旋共同影响下的冷锋积层混合云系中雨带和雨核的特征进行了分析,研究表明,冷锋的不同部位云系结构很不均匀,可分为典型的积层混合云系、均匀的层状云系和弱的积层混合云系3种类型,南部典型的积层混合性云系中存在明显的短回波带结构,短回波带的平均长度63.0 km,宽度19.4 km,平均降雨率14.54 mm/h,同时短回波带中还有明显的雨核特征;北部均匀的层状云系中,大范围的降水在1～2 mm/h之间,其中嵌有2～7 mm/h大小不等的较强降雨带,并且存在冷锋雨带结构;中部较弱的积层混合云系中以冷锋雨带和冷锋前的暖区雨带为主,冷锋雨带上有多个雨核的结构;同时,不同性质的云系结构如短回波带、雨核以及均匀的层状云的降水的垂直廓线表现为不同的特点。 相似文献
7.
The impact of cloud microphysical processes on the simulated intensity and track of Typhoon Rananim is discussed and analyzed in the second part of this study.The results indicate that when the cooling effect due to evaporation of rain water is excluded,the simulated 36-h maximum surface wind speed of Typhoon Rananim is about 7 m s-1 greater than that from all other experiments; however,the typhoon landfall location has the biggest bias of about 150 km against the control experiment.The simulated strong outer rainbands and the vertical shear of the environmental flow are unfavorable for the deepening and maintenance of the typhoon and result in its intensity loss near the landfall.It is the cloud microphysical processes that strengthen and create the outer spiral rainbands,which then increase the local convergence away from the typhoon center and prevent more moisture and energy transport to the inner core of the typhoon.The developed outer rainbands are supposed to bring dry and cold air mass from the middle troposphere to the planetary boundary layer (PBL).The other branch of the cold airflow comes from the evaporation of rain water itself in the PBL while the droplets are falling.Thus,the cut-off of the warm and moist air to the inner core and the invasion of cold and dry air to the eyewall region are expected to bring about the intensity reduction of the modeled typhoon.Therefore,the deepening and maintenance of Typhoon Rananim during its landing are better simulated through the reduction of these two kinds of model errors. 相似文献
8.
青藏高原热力强迫对中国东部降水和水汽输送的调制作用 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
从4个方面综述了有关青藏高原大地形热力“驱动”对中国东部雨带和水汽输送特征及其年代际变化的影响作用的研究进展:(1)中国三阶梯大地形热力过程变化与季风雨带季节演进;(2) 青藏高原地-气过程热力“驱动”及其季风水汽输送结构;(3) 青藏高原积雪冷源对中国东部水汽输送结构及其雨带分布的影响;(4) 青藏高原视热源变化与雨带年代际变化相关特征及其可能调制。其主要研究结论是:(1)中国西部高原特殊三阶梯大地形结构强化了海-陆热力差异,尤其是高原大地形使地-气热力差异季节变化有由青藏高原向东北方向大地形区域延伸变化趋势,且其与季风雨带由东南沿海移向西北朝青藏高原与黄土高原边缘同步演进,两者似乎存在类似季节内演进的一种“动态的吸引”。(2)中国东部雨带时空变化特征和季风强弱变化趋势均与青藏高原热源强弱异常变化相对应。青藏高原热源异常影响低纬度海洋向陆地的水汽传输路径和强度,进而调制中国东部降水时空演变。在青藏高原热源强和弱年,中国降水变率空间分布特征分别为“北涝南旱”和“南涝北旱”。青藏高原视热源强(弱)异常变化“强信号”将对东亚与南亚区域的季风水汽输送结构,以及夏季风降水时空分布的变异具有“前兆性”的指示意义。(3)长江中下游地区作为独特南北两支水汽流的汇合带,该地区夏季青藏高原热源与水汽通量相关矢特征呈类似于青藏高原多雪与少雪年水汽通量偏差场中水汽汇合区显著特征差异,揭示了冬季青藏高原积雪冷源影响中国东部夏季长江流域梅雨水汽输送结构特征。(4)中国降水的年代际变化基本型态为中国东部呈“南涝北旱趋势”,西北区域呈现出“西部转湿趋势”。但基于近10年青藏高原春季视热源出现“降后回升”趋势,中国东部“南涝北旱”的降水格局已出现转折趋势。 相似文献
9.
The influence of outer-core surface entropy fluxes （SEFs） on tropical cyclone （TC） outer rainband activity is investigated in this study with a fully compressible,nonhydrostatic model.A control simulation and two sensitivity experiments with the outer-core SEF artificially increased and decreased by 20% respectively were conducted to examine the quasi-periodic outer rainband behavior.Larger negative horizontal advection due to the greater radial wind and the positive contribution by asymmetric eddies leads to a longer period of outer-rainband activity in the SEF-enhanced experiment.The well-developed outer rainbands in the control and SEF-reduced simulations significantly limit the TC intensity,whereas such an intensity suppression influence is not pronounced in the SEF-enhanced experiment.As diabatic heating in outer rainbands strengthens the outer-core tangential wind,the quasi-periodic activity of outer rainbands contributes to the quasi-periodic variations of the inner-core size of the TCs. 相似文献
10.
为研究GPM（Global Precipitation Measurement）资料对台风雨带降水结构的探测能力,利用GPM卫星资料、地基雷达资料和地面降水实况对2018 年第18号台风“温比亚”影响山东期间的降水结构进行分析。结果表明：台风螺旋雨带造成的降水远大于台风外围云系产生的降水;台风螺旋雨带的雨顶高度大于外围云系的雨顶高度,基本在7 km以上,最大雨顶高度达到15 km;台风螺旋雨带及其外围云系都以层云和对流云降水为主,其中螺旋雨带中对流云降水所占比例高于外围云系,对流云的平均降水率是层云的3倍左右,对流云降水对应近地面降水率和雨顶高度的大值区;台风螺旋雨带的降水柱与外围云系中的降水柱相比,具有数量多、密度大、高度高的特点,这与台风螺旋雨带中对流发展旺盛有关;2A DPR数据产品对降水估测具有较好的指示意义。研究结果为用GPM产品估测降水结构提供了参考依据。 相似文献