排序方式： 共有35条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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土壤质地及其物理性质的参数化对陆面过程模拟具有明显的影响。研究了土壤质地和土壤水文参数表的更新对WRF（Weather Research and Forecasting）模拟性能的影响。使用北京师范大学土壤属性数据集和修正后的土壤水文参数表替换WRF默认数据,对2017年6—8月华北地区开展数值模拟试验和评估验证。结果表明,模拟结果对土壤类型数据集和水文参数表的更新较为敏感,对地面要素预报有正效果。WRF默认土壤数据集中,中国东部以粘壤土为主,而在北京师范大学土壤数据集里则以壤土为主;修正后的土壤水文参数在Noah陆面过程中增强了裸土潜热蒸发能力。数值模拟试验表明,土壤输入数据和土壤水文参数的更新能够增强陆面向大气的潜热同时减弱感热输送,致使大气底层温度降低而湿度增大。利用华北区域748个地面气象观测站的2 m温度和2 m湿度对2017年夏季的模拟结果进行验证,结果显示更新试验对地面要素的预报偏差有较好的修正作用,能够将2 m温、湿度的预报技巧分别提高3.4%和2.9%。 相似文献
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GDAS数据和NOAH陆面模式在中国应用的精度检验 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
GDAS数据集中的大气强迫数据是目前使用最广的用于陆面模式模拟地表水热参数的输入数据集,除模型本身外,可以说这些输入数据决定了模型的模拟精度。虽然这类数据具有空间分辨率低、空间代表性和精度有限的缺点,但在没有更好办法的现实条件下,现阶段多数研究者还是以此为依据进行陆面过程的模拟分析。本文的目的就是对目前普遍使用的GDAS强迫数据和NOAH陆面模式在中国应用的模拟精度进行检验,是模型和数据不做任何改动条件下的检验结果,给出客观的评价,以作为数据和模型使用者的参考依据,引起研究者的重视。利用中国3种典型生态系统的地面实测数据进行检验的结果显示：@GDAS强迫数据中的短波净辐射数据和总净辐射数据质量非常好,可以作为重要的辐射数据源使用;（2）GDAS的降雨数据与地面雨量筒实测数据比较误差较大,但综合考虑降雨数据验证时的尺度效应问题和目前降雨空间数据资源十分有限,GDAS的降雨数据仍具有很高的实用价值;（3）NOAH模拟的地表潜热、显热通量和0-10cm表层土壤含水量数据在时间变化趋势上与地面观测结果较一致,说明模拟结果能够很好地反映地表真实的变化过程,但在具体量值上仍存在较大差异;（4）NOAH模拟对土壤热通量的模拟精度较差。 相似文献
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基于七参数正形变换的数据驱动模型实现了机载LiDAR条带平差,算法借鉴了Robert(2004)的最小二乘表面匹
配思想,通过引入高斯–马尔科夫模型改进了原有算法,得到未知参数的最小无偏方差估计。实验采用两组实测数
据,分别考察了引入高斯–马尔科夫模型的必要性、算法效率以及迭代收敛性和算法精度。实验表明：(1)剖面检查吻
合且精度一致;(2)TerraMatch量测匹配精度,理想数据高程匹配误差小于0.05 m,数据质量不理想时误差稍大,但均
能成功匹配。 相似文献
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Scaling effects on modeled surface energy-balance components using the NOAH-OSU land surface model 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
As surface exchange processes are highly non-linear and heterogeneous in space and time, it is important to know the appropriate scale for the reasonable prediction of these exchange processes. For example, the explicit representation of surface variability has been vital in predicting mesoscale weather events such as late-afternoon thunderstorms initiated by latent heat exchanges in mid-latitude regions of the continental United States. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of different spatial scales of input data on modeled fluxes, so as to better understand the resolution needed for accurate modeling. A statistical procedure was followed to select two cells from the Southern Great Plains 1997 hydrology experiment region, each 20 km×20 km, representing the most homogeneous and the most heterogeneous surface conditions (based on soil and vegetation) within the study region. The NOAH-OSU (Oregon State University) Land Surface Model (LSM) was employed to estimate surface energy fluxes. Three scales of study (200 m, 2 and 20 km) were considered in order to investigate the impacts of the aggregation of input data, especially soil and vegetation inputs, on the model output. Model results of net radiation and latent, sensible and ground heat fluxes were compared for the three scales. For the heterogeneous area, the model output at the 20-km resolution showed some differences when compared with the 200-m and 2-km resolutions. This was more pronounced in latent heat (12% decrease), sensible heat (22% increase), and ground heat flux (44% increase) estimation than in net radiation. The scaling effects were much less for the relatively homogeneous land area with 5% increase in sensible heat and 4% decrease in ground heat flux estimation. All of the model outputs for the 2- and 20-km resolutions were in close agreement. The results suggested that, for this study region, soils and vegetation input resolution of about 2 km should be chosen for realistic modeling of surface exchange processes. This resolution was sufficient to capture the effects of sub-grid scale heterogeneity, while avoiding the data and computational difficulties associated with higher spatial resolutions. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2020,35(4):355-364
The scour and deposition pattern around an abutment under constant discharge condition is calculated using a three dimensional (3D) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. The Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) equations are solved in three dimensions using a CFD model. The Level Set Method (LSM) is used for calculation of both free surface and bed topography. The two-equation turbulence model (k-ε and k-ω) is used to calculate the eddy viscosity in the RANS equations. The pressure term in the RANS equations on a staggered grid is modeled using the Chorin's projection method. The 5th order Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory (WENO) scheme discretizes the convective term of the RANS equations. The Kovacs and Parker and Dey formulations are used for the reduction in bed shear stress on the sloping bed. The model also used the sandslide algorithm which limits bed shear stress reduction during the erosion process. The numerical model solution is validated against experimental results collected at the Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy. Further, the numerical model is tested for performance by varying the grid sizes and key parameters like the space and time discretization schemes. The effect of varying bed porosity has been evaluated. Overall, the free surface is well represented in a realistic manner and bed topography is well predicted using the Level Set Method (LSM). 相似文献
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利用实测的大气观测数据建立陆面模式驱动场, 分别驱动Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme（BATS）, Land Surface Model（LSM）, Common Land Model（CoLM）三个陆面模式, 对新疆地区99个测站的陆面热力过程进行了off-line模拟研究, 对比分析了三个模式模拟结果的异同, 并利用观测的土壤温度检验了各个模式的模拟性能。结果表明： 三个模式对所吸收的太阳辐射、 地表感热通量、 地表潜热通量和Bowen比的模拟结果有明显差别, 其中CoLM模拟的太阳辐射、 感热通量和土壤温度比BATS和LSM大。用观测的土壤温度对三个模式模拟性能的检验表明 BATS模拟的土壤温度最接近观测值, 大约偏低1℃, 而LSM和CoLM的模拟结果偏高, CoLM模拟的年际变化趋势与观测值相关性达到0.877, 高于另外两个模式的模拟; BATS在天山以北模拟值偏低, CoLM在天山以南模拟结果偏高, LSM模拟的区域分布状况与实际观测最一致。这些结果为研究陆面模式在新疆地区的应用提供了一些参考, 对于深入了解新疆地区的陆面过程具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of mesoscale model downscaled hydro‐meteorological variables for discharge prediction 
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下载免费PDF全文 Precipitation and Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo) are the most important variables for rainfall–runoff modelling. However, it is not always possible to get access to them from ground‐based measurements, particularly in ungauged catchments. This study explores the performance of rainfall and ETo data from the global European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA interim reanalysis data for the discharge prediction. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model coupled with the NOAH Land Surface Model is used for the retrieval of hydro‐meteorological variables by downscaling ECMWF datasets. The conceptual Probability Distribution Model (PDM) is chosen for this study for the discharge prediction. The input data and model parameter sensitivity analysis and uncertainty estimations are taken into account for the PDM calibration and prediction in the case study catchment in England following the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation approach. The goodness of calibration and prediction uncertainty is judged on the basis of the p‐factor (observations bracketed by the prediction uncertainty) and the r‐factor (achievement of small uncertainty band). The overall analysis suggests that the uncertainty estimates using WRF downscaled ETo have slightly smaller p and r values (p= 0.65; r= 0.58) as compared to ground‐based observation datasets (p= 0.71; r= 0.65) during the validation and hence promising for discharge prediction. On the contrary, WRF precipitation has the worst performance, and further research is needed for its improvement (p= 0.04; r= 0.10). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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地震勘探方法在深部固体矿产资源勘探中发展潜力巨大，同时也面临挑战.由于固体矿产资源地下分布呈现陡峭构造、尺度小，物性差异小的特点，常规偏移方法对小尺度矿体成像的分辨率提高有限.本文研究了一种基于稀疏促进约束的最小二乘逆时偏移方法.首先，将非均匀分布的矿体等效为随机介质，建立小尺度扰动的矿体模型；其次，改进现有最小二乘偏移方法，以稀疏模型为先验信息约束成像结果，并通过Curvelet变换压缩成像空间，经过多次迭代计算，可以提高小尺度散射体的成像分辨率；再次，对炮域记录进行随机震源编码，减少成像所需的炮集个数，通过稀疏促进约束条件，降低串扰噪声引起的成像误差.通过庐枞金属矿模型数值计算，验证本文方法可以较好的成像包含小尺度散射体的金属矿地质模型. 相似文献
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