Case study of Pampa,Texas, multicell storms     

R. J. Hung  D. Y. Tsao  R. E. Smith 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1983,121(5-6):1019-1034

Analysis of the Pampa, Texas, multicell storms showed prestorm environmental conditions of a strong horizontal convergence of moisture, mixing ratio 12 g/kg at the 850 mb level in the Texas Panhandle areas and strong winds with shear veering with height. Rapid-scan satellite imagery showed that the clouds penetrated above the tropopause and cloud-top temperatures were at least 4 to 9° C colder than the temperature of the tropopause. This formation and collapsing of high-mass-density overshooting cloud tops above the tropopause is characteristic of tornadoes in the middle portion of the United States.  相似文献   

基于卫星红外窗亮温探测上冲云顶   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

王雪芹  黄勇  官莉 《气象科学》2013,33(1):71-76

上冲云顶是卷云砧上的穹顶状突起,表示存在强对流切变和强烈上升气流,是强雷暴的重要指示者.伴随上冲云顶的雷暴经常产生灾害性天气,如航空湍流、强降雨、冰雹、破坏性的风和龙卷等.本文以2010年9月6日发生在安徽北部地区的一次特大暴雨过程为例,用卫星红外窗区通道观测亮温探测上冲云顶,并将高时空分辨率的局地分析预报系统(LAPS)的中尺度分析场资料与用红外窗方法探测到的上冲云顶进行定性比较,结果表明造成此次强降雨过程的对流系统即为一个伴随上冲云顶的强雷暴系统,LAPS中尺度分析场资料客观地验证了上冲云顶的存在.  相似文献   

印度洋海温异常对西太平洋副热带高压的影响——大气中的两级热力适应   总被引：22，自引：1，他引：21  

吴国雄  刘平  刘屹岷  李伟平 《气象学报》2000,58(5):514-522

利用热力适应理论讨论了印度洋海温异常影响中国天气和西太平洋副热带高压异常的物理机制。结果表明 :通过第一级热力适应 ,印度洋上的海温异常形成低层气旋式环流 ,并在其东侧的偏南气流中产生对流性降水 ;然后通过第二级热力适应 ,在 50 0 h Pa上导致西太平洋副热带高压加强西伸、2 0 0 h Pa上南亚高压异常增强。从而证明两级热力适应是导致印度洋海温异常影响中国天气气候异常的重要物理机制。  相似文献   

有限区域模式中的单调性数位滤波器     

Wang Yuan  Tan Zhemin 《大气科学进展》2002,19(2):337-349

在大多数数值模式中,为了消除小尺度（波长接近两倍网格距）的波动,必须使用数值耗散或滤波技术。然而,很少有人意识到,常规的耗散或滤波方案自身会引入噪声。例如,大部分滤波器在对梯度变化剧烈或存在陡峭坡度的气象场进行滤波时会遇到困难,即在其结果中不可避免地出现无意义的高频数值振荡（上冲和下冲）。特别是当耗散或滤波应用于有限区域模式时,错误的边值效应往往会严重破坏模式解。本分析了常用的耗散或滤波方法的优缺点,提出了一种新型的单调性数位滤波器。它可以防止在物理场出现不连续或接近不连续时由于计算激波和吉布斯振荡引起的上冲和下冲现象,与此同时仍能保持滤波的高选择特性。此外,新滤波器还采用了隐式计算方案,因而能够轻而易举地解决有限区域模式中的边界退化问题。  相似文献   

On implementation of bounding surface plasticity models with no overshooting effect in solving boundary value problems     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2014

This paper presents a new scheme that can be used to overcome the overshooting effect, one of the well known problems occurs during application of bounding surface plasticity models in numerical analysis of boundary value problems. The scheme is based on definition of clouds of loading surfaces with a specific margin of strains within which unloading does not accompanied kinematic hardening. The basic concept of the scheme is introduced and the methodology and the relevant step by step algorithm to implement this scheme are presented. This scheme has been incorporated in the UNSW bounding surface model and implemented in a finite difference code and used to simulate cyclic triaxial tests as well as complicated monotonic and dynamic boundary value problems. The satisfactory performance of the scheme is demonstrated and its efficiency is discussed thorough these simulations.  相似文献