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Earthquakes occurring in urban areas constitute an important concern for emergency management and rescue services. Emergency service location problems may be formulated in discrete space or by restricting the potential location(s) to a specified finite set of points in continuous space. We propose a Multicriteria Spatial Decision Support System to identify shelters and emergency service locations in urban evacuation planning. The proposed system has emerged as an integration of the geographical information systems (GIS) and the multicriteria Decision-Making method of Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation IV (PROMETHEE IV). This system incorporates multiple and often conflicting criteria and decision-makers’ preferences into a spatial decision model. We consider three standard structural attributes (i.e., durability density, population density, and oldness density) in the form of spatial maps to determine the zones most vulnerable to an earthquake. The information on these spatial maps is then entered into the ArcGIS software to define the relevant scores for each point with regards to the aforementioned attributes. These scores will be used to compute the preference functions in PROMETHEE IV, whose net flow outranking for each alternative will be inputted in ArcGIS to determine the zones that are most vulnerable to an earthquake. The final scores obtained are integrated into a mathematical programming model designed to find the most suitable locations for the construction of emergency service stations. We demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method and the efficacy of the procedures and algorithms in an earthquake emergency service station planning case study in the city of Tehran.  相似文献   
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土地适宜性评价是确定废弃矿区土地再利用方向的重要决策依据。在充分考虑废弃矿区破损现状和自然条件的基础上,将废弃土地相关利益群体的判断纳入土地再利用方向适宜性评价中,有利于提高废弃土地再利用的可持续性和土地利用效率。该文从利益相关者角度判断废弃矿区的土地再利用方向,从矿区土地破损现状、自然条件、社会条件及经济条件四方面设置了20个指标,构建矿区土地适宜性评价指标体系,并根据已完成复垦矿区的土地利用现状确定10种土地再利用方向;选择土地利用评价专家、区域管理者及邻近居民3类利益相关群体组成决策组,依据指标体系判断矿区土地再利用方向适宜性,运用PROMETHEE排序法分别计算3个评价单元内不同土地利用方向的偏好指数并进行排序。综合3类决策主体的评判结果,评价单元Ⅰ(废弃矿区挖损区)适合复垦为鱼塘、水库及生态公园等,评价单元Ⅱ(废弃厂房压占区)、Ⅲ(尾矿堆压占区)均适合复垦为农用地,但耕地、林地和草地的优先序不同。  相似文献   
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Constructed wetlands are often used for advanced treatment of the secondary effluent of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Through assessing wetlands based on economic, technical, environmental, and social impacts, an optimal process is selected. In this study, a set of assessment methods for wetland treatment technology is established: The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to establish the evaluation index system; the entropy weight method is employed to calculate the index weights; and the preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE) is utilized for ranking of the selected treatment technologies. Then four processes applied in Taihu Lake basin, China are evaluated. The results show the following ranking: Vertical‐flow wetland–ecological pond–surface‐flow wetland–horizontal‐flow wetland, vertical‐flow wetland–horizontal‐flow wetland, ecological pond–horizontal‐flow wetland–surface‐flow wetland, and ecological ditch–ecological pond. The wetland exhibits certain universality and space portability with regard to treatment of municipal WWTP effluent. From the view of comprehensive benefits, the ranking of the treatment technology based on the vertical‐flow wetland is high (Φ values between 0.0224 and 0.0349), whereas that based on the ecological pond is low (Φ values between ?0.2086 and ?0.2652), owing to the mechanism of the process itself and the role of microorganisms in the system. Moreover, for organic matter removal, a vertical‐flow wetland process is recommended (48%), whereas for the removal of N contamination, an integrated‐flow wetland process is suggested (31.2% for NH3‐N, 32.4% for TN removals).  相似文献   
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This study intends to take advantage of a previously developed framework for mined land suitability analysis (MLSA) consisted of economical, social, technical and mine site factors to achieve a partial and also a complete pre-order of feasible post-mining land-uses. Analysis by an outranking multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) technique, called PROMETHEE (preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation), was taken into consideration because of its clear advantages on the field of MLSA as compared with MADM ranking techniques. Application of the proposed approach on a mined land can be completed through some successive steps. First, performance of the MLSA attributes is scored locally by each individual decision maker (DM). Then the assigned performance scores are normalized and the deviation amplitudes of non-dominated alternatives are calculated. Weights of the attributes are calculated by another MADM technique namely, analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in a separate procedure. Using the Gaussian preference function beside the weights, the preference indexes of the land-use alternatives are obtained. Calculation of the outgoing and entering flows of the alternatives and one by one comparison of these values will lead to partial pre-order of them and calculation of the net flows, will lead to a ranked preference for each land-use. At the final step, utilizing the PROMETHEE group decision support system which incorporates judgments of all the DMs, a consensual ranking can be derived. In this paper, preference order of post-mining land-uses for a hypothetical mined land has been derived according to judgments of one DM to reveal applicability of the proposed approach.  相似文献   
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随着电子设备、计算机等大量的使用,全国气象信息中心的环境污染问题逐渐呈现出来.本文首次将可持续发展的概念引入到气象信息中心管理中.作为可持续发展的三大支柱,经济、环境、社会之间不可避免地存在冲突,双极模糊集对这类冲突信息具有强大的描述能力.考虑到可持续发展评价是一个多年的动态过程,本文提出了一种双极PROMETHEE可持续气象信息中心的动态评价方法.实例验证了新方法的有效性和可行性.  相似文献   
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Monitoring and assessment of landslide hazard is an important task for decision making and policy planning in the landslide area. Massive landslides, caused by the catastrophic Chi‐Chi earthquake in 1999, occurred in Central Taiwan, especially at Chiufenershan area in Nantou county. This study proposed two useful indicators coupled with the Self‐organizing map (SOM) neural network and the Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE) technique to quickly extract accurate post‐quake landslides from multi‐temporal Système Probatoire de l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) images. A GIS‐based system was developed to simplify and integrate the procedures such as image pre‐processing, the SOM training, the PROMETHEE calculation, landslide extraction and accuracy assessment. The evaluated result shows that the landslide area soon after the earthquake is 209.50 ha (Kappa coefficient 96.88%). Over seven years of vegetation recovery, the denudation area has declined to 112.64 ha (Kappa coefficient 90.64%). Most earthquake‐induced landslides could be restored by natural vegetation succession. The developed system is a useful decision‐making tool for landslide area planning.  相似文献   
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Abstract

The paper describes the developmental history of a software package for computer-assisted drafting of graduated symbol maps. Given the machinery prevalent 10 years ago, the first version was implemented on a mini-computer with vector-oriented devices, such as mechanical plotters and storage tube terminals. The programs provide functions for plotting graduated symbols of various forms, legends and Line drawing. To improve map legibility the hidden areas in cases of overlapping symbols are removed. The visual separation of the symbols is enhanced by a halo effect, a small gap between the symbols, or the symbols and map background. New hardware required the reprogramming of the package to exploit the extended capabilities of new computers and graphic devices, including colour and hardware area fill. To increase flexibility, portability and maintainability, the graphic standard GKS (Graphical Kernel System) has been used as a device-independent software interface for the third generation of the package.  相似文献   
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半干旱地区生态旅游业的发展需要充分考虑生态资源的脆弱性和特殊性,生态旅游活动的适宜性研究可促进对生态脆弱区旅游资源的科学保护与利用。提出一套基于AHP-PROMETHEE-GIS的半干旱地区生态旅游活动适宜性分析框架,并在宁夏灵武市白芨滩沙漠公园大泉片区进行实验。根据适宜性分析框架,得出适合进行各类生态旅游活动的潜在区域。研究方法的主要创新点在于:(1)利用PROMETHEE(偏好顺序结构评估法),突破了AHP评价方法的补偿性局限;(2)实现了针对418个样本量的11类生态旅游活动适宜性排序结果的批量输出;(3)结合GIS的PROMETHEE,将生态旅游活动排序评价结果与空间布局叠合,针对性提出生态旅游活动规划的优化建议和具体的生态保护措施,为半干旱地区的生态旅游发展提供一定参考价值。  相似文献   
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