农机投入对农业GTFP影响及门槛效应的区域差异分析     

刘敏  姜会明  姜天龙 《地理科学》2020,40(12):2037-2045

按照粮食的产销情况，将全国划分为3类粮食功能区域，利用固定效应模型和门槛效应模型分析了农机投入对农业绿色全要素生产率（GTFP）的影响及门槛效应的区域差异。结果表明：农机投入对农业GTFP的影响程度存在区域异质性，农机投入对粮食主销区农业GTFP提升的促进作用最大，粮食产销平衡区次之，粮食主产区最小；农机投入对农业GTFP的影响路径亦存在区域差异，粮食主产区和产销平衡区的农机投入通过促进农业技术效率和农业技术进步进而推动农业GTFP提升，粮食主销区的农机投入通过促进农业技术进步推动农业GTFP提升；农机投入对粮食主产区农业GTFP的影响存在双门槛效应，对粮食主销区和产销平衡区农业GTFP的影响存在单门槛效应。  相似文献   

环境整治与农业经营矛盾中的农户行为和行政调控——基于日本佐渡岛农户调查   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王岱  张文忠  余建辉 《地理研究》2011,30(9):1725-1735

随着我国经济的高速发展,生态环境问题越来越突出。在推进国内区域研究的同时,从微观的角度,研究发达国家面临的促进持续发展和保护环境的实际问题对完善我国区域发展理论和施政思路意义重大。本研究基于2006～2008年在日本佐渡岛的实地调研和深度访谈,揭示了政府推进朱鹳野生环境治理的过程中,农户农业经营条件的恶化以及农户的意识...  相似文献   

Progress in the Research on the Impact of Wind Farms on Climate and Environment     

Junxia Jiang  Liwei Yang  Zhenchao Li  Xiaoqing Gao 《地球科学进展》2019,34(10):1038-1049

Wind power has become one of the fastest growing renewable energy. With the large-scale deployment of wind farms in the world, people have started to pay attention to the impact of wind farms on the ecological environment and climate. This paper summarized the impact of wind farms on climate and ecological environment by investigating relevant literature: In the areas of wind farms, on the one hand, the set-up of wind turbines changes original aerodynamic roughness height and strengthens the dragging of the land surface against turbulence, directly affecting the turbulent motion of the boundary layer, resulting in the changes of intensity and pattern of material energy and water vapor exchange between land surface and near-surface atmosphere, further affecting the atmospheric circulation and climate. On the other hand, wind turbines convert the majority of the wind kinetic energy into electric energy, which produces the wake effect of the wind turbine. The budget patterns and spatial and temporal distribution of large-scale kinetic energy in the boundary layer are changed correspondingly, generating changes in various fluxes (heat flux, water vapor flux, etc.) in the atmosphere, which affect temperature, precipitation, and wind speed. Generally, the warming or cooling effect of wind farms on the near-surface is related to the stability of atmosphere. However, simulations in the global climate model showed that the average impact of wind farms on global climate is small, much smaller than the expected changes in greenhouse gas emissions and the interannual changes in natural climate.Wind power emits almost no carbon dioxide and pollutants. Compared with other traditional energy sources, it reduces water consumption but may generate some negative ecological impacts such as animal habitats, bird collisions, and noise, vision impact. However, some measures can be taken to mitigate these adverse effects.  相似文献   

Barriers to movement: Modelling energetic costs of avoiding marine wind farms amongst breeding seabirds     

Elizabeth A. Masden  Daniel T. Haydon  Robert W. Furness 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(7):1085-1091

Proposals for wind farms in areas of known importance for breeding seabirds highlight the need to understand the impacts of these structures. Using an energetic modelling approach, we examine the effects of wind farms as barriers to movement on seabirds of differing morphology. Additional costs, expressed in relation to typical daily energetic expenditures, were highest per unit flight for seabirds with high wing loadings, such as cormorants. Taking species-specific differences into account, costs were relatively higher in terns, due to the high daily frequency of foraging flights. For all species, costs of extra flight to avoid a wind farm appear much less than those imposed by low food abundance or adverse weather, although such costs will be additive to these. We conclude that adopting a species-specific approach is essential when assessing the impacts of wind farms on breeding seabird populations, to fully anticipate the effects of avoidance flights.  相似文献   

红三角地区农产品虚拟水的计算分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

罗贞礼  黄璜 《冰川冻土》2005,27(3):426-431

农业是世界上最大的水资源利用部门, 各种农产品中 "寄存"了大量的水资源, 蕴涵在产品生产和各种服务中的水资源就是产品或服务中的虚拟水. 以红三角地区为例, 分析了郴州市、韶关市、赣州市主要农产品的演变特征, 计算了主要农产品的虚拟水含量及消费情况, 在此基础上探讨了红三角地区农产品的战略性调整和水资源有效配置的政策意义. 计算表明, 不同区域生产同类型农产品所耗费的水资源不同, 加上消费数量的差异, 使居民人均农产品虚拟水消费也存在明显差异. 红三角地区水资源富足的地区可通过农产品贸易方式更好地发挥区域水资源优势, 主动开发和生产高效益的水资源密集型农产品; 对局地水资源缺乏的山区, 需要通过农产品生产的战略性调整, 通过购入水资源密集型农产品, 大力发展高效益的特色农业, 实现生态经济水的良性循环.  相似文献   

基于激光雷达测风数据的复杂地形下风力机尾流特性研究          下载免费PDF全文

季明彬  高晓霞 《大气科学学报》2020,43(2):416-423

以张家口某处风电场为实验场地,采用两台多普勒激光雷达(Wind3D 6000和WindMast WP350)分别测量风力机的尾流和来流风速,对全尾流、半尾流和独立尾流3种工况进行研究。结果表明,3种工况下随着尾流发展尾流宽度均不断变大,而尾流深度和速度衰减则不断减小;全尾流和半尾流工况中,上游风力机的存在会增加下游风力机尾流宽度,且全尾流比半尾流的增加量大;全尾流和半尾流工况中,相较于上游风力机,下游风力机尾流深度和速度衰减均较小。  相似文献   

Improving the simulation of fine-resolution landscape changes by coupling top-down and bottom-up land use and cover changes rules     

Thomas Houet  Noémie Schaller  Mathieu Castets  Cédric Gaucherel 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(9):1848-1876

Modelling land use and cover changes (LUCC) at local and landscape scales simultaneously, in terms of composition and configuration, remains today highly challenging. Agricultural landscapes offer an illustrative context for this purpose. This article presents a modelling platform (DYPAL) able to simulate LUCC at both local (agricultural parcel, farm) and landscape levels by combining LUCC processes with an optimization algorithm. The efficiency of this approach is assessed by comparing it with an approach applying the same LUCC processes without optimization. Simulations have been developed for two representative case studies of temperate intensive agricultural mosaics: (1) neutral landscapes with simple and theoretical rules and (2) observed landscapes with realistic crop successions rules. Results show that this modelling platform improves the simulation of LUCC achieved at fine resolution, although not systematically. Improvements are observed when compared to theoretical farming practices. But, when compared with an observed landscape, it is true for one type of (arable) farms only. Several hypotheses are discussed, such as the fact that farmers possibly do not follow optimized rules. Finally, this study illustrates that the use of several indices is crucial to assess whether a simulated landscape is realistic or not, because it does not rely to the assessment of the predictive power of the model.  相似文献   

Is Larger Scale Better? Evidence from Rice Farming in Jianghan Plain     

WANG Jiayue  XIN Liangjie 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2018,9(4):352-364

Small-scale household agricultural production has been in conflict with China’s agricultural modernization. In the context of vigorously promoting rural land circulation and moderate scale management nationwide, research on the relationship between farm size and scale efficiency has become increasingly important. In this paper, we use the “DEA-OLS” two stage method to analyze data from 368 surveys of rice farming households in the Jianghan Plain. The scale efficiency of rice farming was calculated, and the relationship between farm size and scale efficiency investigated. The results indicate that (1) the rice farm size is generally small in Jianghan Plain, with an average of 0.77 ha. The average scale efficiency is 0.88, and it is the main factor limiting an increase in comprehensive technical efficiency. Moreover, 88.32% of households are in the stage of increasing returns to scale. (2) There is a stable inverted “U” type relationship between rice farm size and scale efficiency. Considering characteristics of the householder, the household and land quality, the maximum scale efficiency corresponds to a household with 5 ha of rice farm. (3) Among householder characteristics, age has a significant negative influence on scale efficiency, and scale efficiency is lower for a household whose householder is engaged in non-farm work than for one whose householder is devoted to farming. As for land quality, there was a significant positive effect of irrigation on scale efficiency. Among family characteristics, the application of a machine during the seeding process increased scale efficiency by 3.07%. Therefore, we suggest that local government should actively promote rural land circulation, implement a staged-scale management subsidy, and other forms of support for the purchase of agricultural machinery and technical popularization. Increased investment in irrigation improvements and mechanical facilities and encouragement of farmers to enlarge their farm size could improve scale efficiency and farming profit and lead to the development of moderate scale management.  相似文献   

Performance of the CMA-GD Model in Predicting Wind Speed at Wind Farms in Hubei, China     

许沛华  成驰  王文  陈正洪  钟水新  张艳霞 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2023,29(4):473-481

This study assesses the predictive capabilities of the CMA-GD model for wind speed prediction in two wind farms located in Hubei Province, China. The observed wind speeds at the height of 70m in wind turbines of two wind farms in Suizhou serve as the actual observation data for comparison and testing. At the same time, the wind speed predicted by the EC model is also included for comparative analysis. The results indicate that the CMA-GD model performs better than the EC model in Wind Farm A. Th...  相似文献   

风电场对草地植被生长影响分析——以内蒙古灰腾梁风电场为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李国庆  张春华  张丽  张蒙 《地理科学》2016,36(6):959-964

利用2000~2014年的MOD13Q1-NDVI数据,对内蒙古灰腾梁风电场及该电厂50 km缓冲区内的植被生长情况进行了分析。结合气象数据,重点探讨了风向对植被生长的影响。与2000~2008年风电场建设完成前植被生长相比,2008年后风电场运行对植被的生长产生了明显的影响,但影响范围和强度是不均匀的,结果表明：① 风电场运行对风电场区域内/外植被的影响机制是不同的,风电场区域内不利于植被的生长,而上/下风区域却有利于植被的生长;② 相对于风电场建成前,风电场建成后的2008 ~2014年缓冲区和风电场区域植被恢复比例分别上升了26.66%和13.14%,但上风区域却上升了51.83%,下风区域上升了41.07%。可见风电场上/下风区植被恢复比例,尤其是上风区植被的恢复比例要远高于其它区域;③ 距离风电场中心30~40 km的上风区很可能是受风电场影响最为明显的区域。  相似文献