2020年1月19日伽师MS6.4地震灾害损失评估及震害特点分析     

阿里木江·亚力昆  谭明  姚远  张文秀 《内陆地震》2020,34(1):30-39

2020年1月19日新疆伽师发生M S6.4地震,造成1人死亡、2人受伤,各类建(构)筑物、公共服务设施、生命线工程等都遭受不同程度的破坏。按照国家相关标准的原则和方法,通过对本次地震现场震害调查,评估出本次地震造成的总直接经济损失为15.26亿元,灾后恢复重建经费约需20.78亿元,并且分析了本次地震震害特点。这为今后的抗震救灾和灾后重建提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

主动源与被动源地震数据插值及联合数据成像   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

张盼  韩立国  刘强  张亚红  陈雪 《地球物理学报》2015,58(5):1754-1766

本文提出了两种情况下主动源数据和被动源数据的插值方法,并研究了两种数据在偏移成像中的互补效果.基于互相关法被动源数据重构原理,本文提出了结合多域迭代去噪技术的重构方法.提出了两种时间域主动源和被动源数据的插值方法,分别是共炮点域能量匹配插值和共检波点域最小平方匹配插值.然后对获得的主动源和被动源联合地震数据进行叠前深度偏移成像.在被动源活跃度不是很高的地区进行被动源地震勘探时,少量的主动源地震数据可以有效控制和补充被动源数据的成像效果.在稀疏炮点的主动源勘探中,有效利用被动源的信息能够在成像中增加更多的细节信息,提高成像质量.  相似文献   

多相离散随机介质模型及其探地雷达波场特征研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

郭士礼  冀孟恩  朱培民  李修忠 《地球物理学报》2015,58(8):2779-2791

沥青混凝土是由骨料、沥青胶浆、空气按照一定的体积百分比混合而成的多相非匀质混合物,其骨料、沥青胶浆和空气的体积不等、形状各异、介电特性不同、空间位置随机分布,具有明显的多相、离散、随机介质特征.本文基于随机介质模型理论,(1)测量与统计了介电常数在典型沥青混凝土芯样空间上的随机分布统计特征;(2)估算了沥青混凝土介质的自相关函数及其特征参数(自相关长度、自相关角度等),确定其随机介质类型;(3)提出了量化约束下的多相离散随机介质建模算法,以混合型椭圆自相关函数为基础,构建了不同粗糙度因子的多相离散随机介质模型;(4)构建了不同空隙率的多相离散随机介质模型,正演模拟与对比分析了探地雷达波在均匀介质、连续型随机介质和多相离散随机介质中的传播特征.结果表明:多相离散随机介质模型不仅描述了沥青混凝土的多相、离散与空间随机分布统计特征,而且进一步描述了其各组成物质体积百分比,能更全面、准确地描述沥青混凝土的介质特征,同时也为描述其他类似材料或介质提供了新的方法和途径;在多相离散随机介质模型中,探地雷达波散射强烈,随机、无序传播的散射波相互叠加干涉,形成了明显的随机扰动和"噪声",致使异常体反射波扭曲变形、不连续,降低了探地雷达回波的信噪比和分辨率.研究探地雷达波的随机扰动特征与多相离散随机介质模型参数之间的关系,将为定量评价多相离散随机介质的属性参数提供参考和帮助.  相似文献   

利用高频天波返回散射反演电离层水平不均匀结构   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

冯静  倪彬彬  赵正予  柳文  蔚娜  娄鹏 《地球物理学报》2016,59(9):3135-3147

高频天波返回散射探测作为重要的电离层探测手段,能够实现遥远区域电离层空间上的连续监测,探测获取的返回散射扫频电离图显示了探测频率-群路径-回波能量三者之间的关系.由于电离图包含了探测路径上的电离层状态信息,通过对其反演可以实时获取大面积范围的电离层参数.本文提出了一种基于解空间约束的返回散射前沿反演算法,能够重构电离层水平不均匀结构.针对反演非线性问题,采用Newton-Kontorovich方法进行求解,同时又引入了求解不适定问题的Tikhonov正则化方法,有益于解的稳定性和唯一性.利用模拟数据和实测数据分别对本文建立的算法进行了验证,并与Fridman和Fridman于1994年提出的反演方法进行了对比.结果表明,本文算法反演结果稳定,对返回散射前沿判读误差不敏感,与Fridman和Fridman 1994年方法相比,本文方法对电离层局部精细结构反演更加准确,具有较高的反演精度.本文提出的算法不但能够反演白天和夜间这种电离层较平稳时期的电离层状态,而且对于日出/日落时段等电子浓度分布变化较快情形下的电离层,也有很好的反演效果,表明了该算法在处理复杂多变的实际探测的返回散射电离图中的应用价值.  相似文献   

The utilization of the double focal transformation for sparse data representation and data reconstruction          下载免费PDF全文

H. Kutscha  D.J. Verschuur 《Geophysical Prospecting》2016,64(6):1498-1515

In many cases, seismic measurements are coarsely sampled in at least one dimension. This leads to aliasing artefacts and therefore to problems in the subsequent processing steps. To avoid this, seismic data reconstruction can be applied in advance. The success and reliability of reconstruction methods are dependent on the assumptions they make on the data. In many cases, wavefields are assumed to (locally) have a linear space–time behaviour. However, field data are usually complex, with strongly curved events. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the double focal transformation as an efficient way for complex data reconstruction. Hereby, wavefield propagation is formulated as a transformation, where one‐way propagation operators are used as its basis functions. These wavefield operators can be based on a macro velocity model, which allows our method to use prior information in order to make the data decomposition more effective. The basic principle of the double focal transformation is to focus seismic energy along source and receiver coordinates simultaneously. The seismic data are represented by a number of localized events in the focal domain, whereas aliasing noise spreads out. By imposing a sparse solution in the focal domain, aliasing noise is suppressed, and data reconstruction beyond aliasing is achieved. To facilitate the process, only a few effective depth levels need to be included, preferably along the major boundaries in the data, from which the propagation operators can be calculated. Results on 2D and 3D synthetic data illustrate the method's virtues. Furthermore, seismic data reconstruction on a 2D field dataset with gaps and aliased source spacing demonstrates the strength of the double focal transformation, particularly for near‐offset reflections with strong curvature and for diffractions.  相似文献   

From pollen percentage to vegetation cover: evaluation of the Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm in western Norway   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

KARI LOE HJELLE  INGVILD KRISTINE MEHL  SHINYA SUGITA  GIDSKE LEKNÆS ANDERSEN 《第四纪科学杂志》2015,30(4):312-324

The Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm (LRA) with the two models REVEALS and LOVE is developed to transform pollen percentage data to vegetation cover. This paper presents the first study to evaluate LRA in a region with large topographic variations within a short distances. The REVEALS model estimates regional vegetation abundance based on pollen assemblages from large lakes (100–500 ha). Pollen surface samples from one large and 28 small lakes are used together with a combination of regionally derived pollen productivity estimates and available estimates from other regions of Europe. The results show a good relationship between REVEALS‐estimated forest cover and vegetation abundance based on the CORINE land‐cover data. The REVEALS results using various sets of pollen assemblages from small lakes were comparable to those using one large lake. Local vegetation abundance using the LOVE model was estimated around 26 lakes. For common taxa, such as Pinus and Poaceae, the LOVE‐based estimates of plant abundance match well with the distance‐weighted plant abundances based on vegetation maps. Our results indicate that the LRA approach is effective for reconstruction of long‐term vegetation changes in western Norway and other regions with high topographic relief when no major gradients exist in the pollen data.  相似文献   

Kinematics of syn-tectonic unconformities and implications for the tectonic evolution of the Hala'alat Mountains at the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin,Central Asian Orogenic Belt     

Delong Ma  Dengfa He  Di Li  Jieyun Tang  Zheng Liu 《地学前缘(英文版)》2015,6(2):247-264

The Hala’alat Mountains are located at the transition between the West Junggar and the Junggar Basin.In this area,rocks are Carboniferous,with younger strata above them that have been identified through well data and high-resolution 3D seismic profiles.Among these strata,seven unconformities are observed and distributed at the bases of:the Permian Jiamuhe Formation,the Permian Fengcheng Formation,the Triassic Baikouquan Formation,the Jurassic Badaowan Formation,the Jurassic Xishanyao Formation,the Cretaceous Tugulu Group and the Paleogene.On the basis of balanced sections,these unconformities are determined to have been formed by erosion of uplifts or rotated fault blocks primarily during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic.In conjunction with the currently understood tectonic background of the surrounding areas,the following conclusions are proposed:the unconformities at the bases of the Permian Jiamuhe and Fengcheng formations are most likely related to the subduction and closure of the Junggar Ocean during the late Carboniferous-early Permian;the unconformities at the bases of the Triassic Baikouquan and Jurassic Badaowan formations are closely related to the late Permian-Triassic Durbut sinistral slip fault;the unconformities at the bases of the middle Jurassic Xishanyao Formation and Cretaceous Tugulu Group may be related to reactivation of the Durbut dextral slip fault in the late Jurassic-early Cretaceous,and the unconformity that gives rise to the widely observed absence of the upper Cretaceous in the northern Junggar Basin may be closely related to large scale uplift.All of these geological phenomena indicate that the West Junggar was not calm in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic and that it experienced at least four periods of tectonic movement.  相似文献   

Assessment of three temperature reconstruction methods in the virtual reality of a climate simulation     

Hans von Storch  Eduardo Zorita  Fidel González-Rouco 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2009,98(1):67-82

The performance of statistical climate reconstruction methods in the pre-instrumental period is uncertain, as they are calibrated in a short instrumental period but applied to much longer reconstructions time spans. Here, the virtual reality created by a climate simulation of the past millennium with the model ECHO-G is used as a test bed of three methods to reconstruct the annual Northern Hemisphere temperature. The methods are Composite plus Scaling, the inverse regression method of Mann et al. (Nature 392:779–787, 1998) and a direct principal-components regression method. The testing methodology is based on the construction of pseudo-proxies derived from the climate model output, the application of each of these methods to pseudo-proxy timeseries, and the comparison of their result with the simulated mean temperature. Different structures of the noise have been used to construct pseudo-proxies, ranging from the simulated grid-point precipitation. Also, one sparse and one denser pseudo-proxy network, co-located with two real networks, have been considered. All three methods underestimate the simulated variations of the Northern Hemisphere temperature, but the Composite plus Scaling method clearly displays a better performance and is robust against the different noise models and network size. The most relevant factor determining the skill of the reconstruction appears to be the network size, whereas the different noise models tend to yield similar results.  相似文献   

Tracking eutrophication in Taihu Lake using the diatom record: potential and problems   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Xuhui Dong  Helen Bennion  Rick Battarbee  Xiangdong Yang  Handong Yang  Enfeng Liu 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,40(1):413-429

Taihu Lake is the third largest freshwater lake in China and has been experiencing eutrophication problems for several decades. Diatoms in short sediment cores from three bays in northern Taihu Lake were studied in addition to 1-year of seasonal phytoplankton samples in order to evaluate the rate and magnitude of nutrient enrichment. The dominant species found in the phytoplankton samples appeared in high percentages in the surface sediment samples, suggesting that the latter faithfully record the modern diatom flora. The diatom preservation status varied among the three cores, while in all cores the preservation deteriorated with sediment depth. Due to the superior diatom preservation in the core from Mashan Bay, the fossil diatom record of this core and an established diatom total phosphorus (TP) transfer function were used to reconstruct the nutrient history of Taihu Lake. Diatom assemblages changed from Aulacoseira-dominated to other eutrophic planktonic species, such as Stephanodiscus minutulus, Cyclostephanos tholiformis, Cyclotella atomus, C. meneghiniana and S. hantzschii in ca. 1980. Diatom-inferred TP concentrations exhibited little change prior to 1980, with values around 50 μg/l. However, after 1980 TP concentrations increased significantly and remained in excess of 100 μg/l, reflecting eutrophication of Taihu Lake. Comparison with TP measurements in the water column from 1988 to 2004, as well as the analogue analysis among fossil and modern samples, demonstrates that the diatom-TP inference model can reliably hindcast past TP concentrations. Therefore, the baseline TP value of about 50 μg/l, can be used as a restoration target for Taihu Lake. However, due to the complexity of this very large, shallow aquatic ecosystem, caution should be exercised when employing the diatom record to track eutrophication. Further studies on the mechanism of diatom distribution, evolution and preservation are recommended for Taihu Lake.  相似文献   

Reciprocality between biology and geology: Reconstructing polar Gondwana     

B. Michaux   《Gondwana Research》2009,16(3-4):655-668

The reciprocal nature of the relationship between historical geology (reconstruction models) and biology (constructing phylogenies) is discussed and the conceptual basis of such a relationship is examined through its historical development. Examples to illustrate aspects of the relationship are drawn from the Cretaceous breakup of polar Gondwana and the Cenozoic history of some of the resultant microcontinental fragments. A new mid-Cretaceous (circa 100 Ma) rift zone, separating the west Gondwanan Campbell Plateau, southern New Zealand, from the east Gondwanan Melanesian Rift is proposed, and biological and geological evidence for it is presented and discussed. It is also suggested that the Bounty Trough, Chatham Rise, and Hikurangi Plateau unit is incorrectly placed in reconstruction models, and it should be fitted outboard of the Melanesian Rift until its mid-Cenozoic attachment to the Campbell Plateau. It is concluded that both reconstruction modelling and phylogenetic analyses have much to gain through ‘reciprocal illumination’.  相似文献