Enhanced bed load sediment transport by unsteady flows in a degrading channel     

Zhijing Li  Honglu Qian  Zhixian Cao  Huaihan Liu  Gareth Pender  Penghui Hu 《国际泥沙研究》2018,33(3):327-339

Laboratory flume experiments were done to investigate bed load sediment transport by both steady and unsteady flows in a degrading channel. The bed, respectively composed of uniform sand, uniform gravel, or sand-gravel mixtures, always undergoes bulk degradation. It is found that both uniform and non-uniform bed load transport is enhanced greatly by unsteady flows as compared to their volume-equivalent steady flows. This enhancement effect is evaluated by means of an enhancement factor, which is shown to be larger with a coarser bed and lower discharges. Also, the fractional transport rates of gravel and sand in non-uniform sand-gravel mixtures are compared with their uniform counterparts under both steady and unsteady flows. The sand is found to be able to greatly promote the transport of gravel, whilst the gravel considerably hinders the transport of sand. Particularly, the promoting and hindering impacts are more pronounced at lower discharges and tend to be weakened by flow unsteadiness.  相似文献   

Analysis of Paleoseismic Events of Dahuzhuang Trench at the Xiadian Fault     

DENG Mei  SHEN Jun  LI Xi  DAI Xunye  LIU Zezhong  LI Kechang  JIAO Xuankai 《中国地震研究》2019,33(3):437-450

The Xiadian Fault is a very important concealed active fault in the Beijing Plain. It is the seismogenic fault of the Sanhe-Pinggu M_S8.0 earthquake in 1679. The ancient earthquake sequence in the long historical period is of great significance to understand accurately the activity characteristics of the fault and effectively reduce the earthquake disaster risk in Beijing. We have re-interpreted the Dahuzhuang trench, and identified three layers of buried paleosol, six collapsed wedges and one sand liquefaction event. Further, through the comparison with the landmark strata and paleo-earthquake events revealed by other trenches on the fault, an ancient earthquake sequence with a long historical period of the Xiadian Fault was established:since the 31ka, the Xiadian Fault has 11 occurrences of earthquake events (including the 1679 earthquake), and the average recurrence interval is about 2.8ka. The paleo-seismic sequence also shows that there is an ancient earthquake cluster period from 25ka to 15ka, and there are 5 strong earthquakes in the cluster period. The average recurrence interval is about 2.0ka, which reflects the phase difference of the Xiadian Fault activity.  相似文献   

Mitigating the effects of sand dunes on seismic data from the Rub al Khali basin,Saudi Arabia     

Mustafa Al-Marzooq  Mamadou S. Diallo  Vincent Etienne  Thierry Tonellot  SanLinn I. Kaka 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(7):1825-1837

The Rub Al Khali region in Saudi Arabia is characterized by the presence of sand dunes separated by salt flats, also called Sabkhas. In general, the elevation of dunes in this region varies between 90 and 250 m above sea level. The presence of these sand dunes, along with the rapidly changing surface topography poses challenges for seismic data acquisition and processing. The high contrast in acoustic impedance between the dune base and the underlying formation often results in amplification of seismic waves that are recorded at stations located on the surface of sand dunes. Attempts to address the issue using conventional surface-consistent amplitude scaling methods without reducing these amplification effects generally fail, thus compromising the suitability of the processed data for amplitude versus offset analysis. In this study, we propose a new reference site technique to reduce the effects of sand dune amplification, enabling the production of data sets that are suitable for amplitude versus offset processing. The proposed technique uses a deterministic approach to derive surface-consistent, frequency-dependent de-amplification functions for shots and stations located on the dunes only. Two-dimensional synthetic and field data examples show that the technique significantly reduces the effects of sand dune amplification.  相似文献   

新探明的玻利维亚银沙(Silver Sand)超大型银矿床地质特征和找矿评价     

冯锐  张永明  URIBE Hernan  毛志昊 《矿床地质》2021,40(1):65-81

银沙银矿(Silver Sand silver deposit)是玻利维亚锡矿带内新探明的一个超大型中硫型浅成低温热液银矿床,已探明银金属资源量约1万t,平均银品位约120 g/t,并伴有少量铅、锌、铟、镓。银矿化与中新世中酸性侵入岩和次火山岩有关。矿体赋存于白垩系蚀变褪色石英砂岩中的密集构造裂隙带内。成矿作用可以划分为原生硫化物成矿期和表生氧化期,原生硫化物成矿期大致可分为3个矿化蚀变阶段,矿化蚀变阶段Ⅰ为大面积绢云母化褪色蚀变及玻利维亚型层状(manto)锡矿化、矿化蚀变阶段Ⅱ为细脉状和构造角砾间含银硫盐和硫化物,矿化蚀变阶段Ⅲ为方解石细脉。银沙银矿分布最为广泛的围岩蚀变类型为绢云母化,其次为黄铁矿化,以及少量硅化、碳酸盐化和重晶石化。矿化特征主要表现为在围岩白垩系石英砂岩构造裂隙内成密集含银硫盐和硫化物细脉及角砾岩脉。矿体埋藏浅,规模大,适合大规模露天开采。作为玻利维亚锡矿带的一个组成部分,该矿床形成于活动大陆弧后地区。根据成矿过程特点,文章初步提出银沙银矿的成矿模型,并根据两年以来找矿勘查工作,提出了进一步找矿方向,特别值得关注的是银沙银矿所在的成矿带呈近北北西走向,长约8 km,宽约2.5 km,区内遍布采矿遗迹,通过进一步系统勘探和开发,有望再探明一个世界级银矿区。  相似文献   

山东莱州浅滩地区沉积特征与沉积作用          下载免费PDF全文

王庆  战超  商杰  宋传广  仲少云  刘亚龙  王红艳 《海洋与湖沼》2011,42(3):337-342

通过系统采集海底表层沉积样品进行粒度测试分析,对现代莱州浅滩地区的沉积类型、粒度特征、泥沙搬运方式、运移趋势及沉积动力、沉积机制进行了研究。结果表明,莱州浅滩是形成于松散碎屑堆积海岸岬角岸外的砂砾质水下沙洲／沙脊,它的形成深刻改变了浅滩地区原有的沉积动力和机制,在浅滩两侧海域各自形成了大致对称的潮余环流,分别与两个主要...  相似文献   

Impact of mega-scale sand extraction on tidal dynamics in semi-enclosed basins: An idealized model study with application to the Southern North Sea     

Wiebe P. de Boer  Pieter C. Roos  Suzanne J.M.H. Hulscher  Ad Stolk 《Coastal Engineering》2011

Long-term considerations of repeated and increasing sand extraction on the Netherlands Continental Shelf (North Sea) may lead to the creation of a mega-scale extraction trench in front of the Dutch coast (length hundreds of km, width over 10 km, depth several m). We investigate the impact of such a huge topographic intervention on tidal dynamics, which is a key aspect in hydrodynamics, and indirectly also affecting morphodynamics and ecology.  相似文献   

Effects of sand grain size and morphological traits on running speed of toad-headed lizard Phrynocephalus frontalis     

C. LiX. Lian  J. BiH. Fang  T.L. MaulZ. Jiang 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(11):1038-1042

We conducted a manipulative experiment to investigate the influential factors of locomotor ability in steppe toad-headed lizards. By using a video-base method, we measured running speed of the lizards when they run on sands of different grain sizes. We also considered body condition, tail length and sex as fixed factors to analyze their effects on running speed of the lizard. Results showed that running speed of the lizard significantly differed among different trials of sand grain size. Specifically, the peak and the nadir values of the running speed were found on sands of 0.5-1 mm and 0.075-0.25 mm grains, respectively. When lizards ran on sands of different grain size their running speed changed significantly. Body condition and tail length also had significant effects on running speed. The findings indicated that locomotor ability of lizards depended on both body condition and the external environment. We hypothesized that sand grain size is one of the factors that influence the habitat selection in steppe toad-headed lizards. Moreover, this lizard may be used as an indicator of the development of sand dunes.  相似文献   

Time lag between reduction of sediment supply and coastal erosion   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

HUANG Guangwei 《国际泥沙研究》2011,26(1):27-35

The disruption of sediment supply from river to coast by dam development has been a topic of global concern.In Japan,among the top 30 dams in terms of height,14 dams were constructed prior to 1970 and another 6 dams before 1980.However,the coastline erosion did not surface up as a grievous problem until the 1980s.According to the River Bureau of Japan,the overall erosion rate along the coastline of Japan was 0.72×10~6 m~2/yr prior to 1980,but sharply increased to 1.6×10~6 m~2/yr since 1980.Therefore,there was a time lag between the disruption of sediment supply by dam and beach erosion.This paper presents a case study on what may have delayed the response of beach to the effect of dam construction.  相似文献   

南海东北部东沙海域海水层反射特征分析     

李豪  关永贤  宋海斌  张锟  范文豪 《地球物理学进展》2020,(1):303-312

本文基于对南海东北部东沙海域近期采集的多道反射地震资料进行重新处理获得新的地震海洋学数据,分析了该海域内孤立波/内孤立波包、沙丘上方和陡坎附近特殊反射结构特征,从而提供了新的海水层与海底相互作用依据.研究结果表明,除之前已发表文章中地震海洋学资料显示存在的第一模态内孤立波/波包和沙丘上方常见的反射样式-披毛状发射外,地震海洋学资料上还发现了第二模态内孤立波、陡坎上方的上抬型波动反射结构样式.在新的地震海洋学数据中,第一模态内孤立波振幅均小于50 m,宽度上都小于5 km,单个内孤立波的最大振幅约为45 m.内孤立波包的内孤立波振幅都相对较小,均小于40 m,并且与之前不同的是,彼此之间振幅相差不大,没有明显的排列规律.此次地震海洋学数据记录到的第二模态内孤立波,形态较为完整,上层和下层反射的振幅相差不大,在30 m左右;中间层大约在水深130 m位置处,垂向结构的整体大小大于200 m.沙丘上方反射结构普遍存在弱反射层,可能是湍流边界层,并且存在特殊反射样式-披毛状反射.但并不是沙丘上方都存在披毛状反射样式,本文分析它出现在地震海洋学资料上可能是受测线与沙丘走向之间夹角的影响.陡坎区域的水层反射结构则表现为上抬型波动,并常常伴随着同相轴连续性的变化.该波动的大小及反射同相轴的连续性可能取决于陡坎的高度/坡度及水层动力的强度,新数据中出现的一个上抬型波动,高度达20~30 m,它的附近水层还存在一个形态不完整的内孤立波.陡坎附近的水层反射也常常出现弱反射带和小的波动.  相似文献   

Control of Aptian palaeobathymetry on turbidite distribution in the Buchan Graben,Outer Moray Firth,Central North Sea     

T.E. Aas  J.A. Howell  M. Janocko  C.A.-L. Jackson 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2010

It is widely recognised that palaeobathymetry is a key control on the distribution of turbidite deposits. Thus, the utilisation of palaeobathymetric surfaces as an input for numerical turbidity current modelling offers a potentially powerful method to predict the distribution of deep marine sands in ancient (subsurface or outcrop) successions. Such an approach has been tested on an Aptian turbidite deposit from the Buchan Graben, UK Central North Sea, where modelled sand distributions could be quality controlled against available well data.  相似文献