高压旋喷桩单桩承载力分析     

王勃  行小盈 《岩土工程技术》2020,(1):48-52

高压喷射注浆于1968年首创于日本。我国于20世纪70年代初相继引进并开始研究高压喷射注浆技术。目前,高压旋喷工艺应用最为广泛,工艺技术最为成熟。对旋喷桩成桩质量及单桩承载力进行研究分析,为旋喷桩在地基与基础工程、水利水电工程、止水、加固工程中的应用提供设计参考依据。该试验在陕西省延安市某建成小区内选三个试验点,按不同旋喷桩施工工艺成桩,通过对桩身完整性检测、单桩承载力试验,分析旋喷桩成桩质量及单桩承载力。  相似文献   

有限空间中三维壁面紊动射流流动特性试验研究          下载免费PDF全文

张星星  陈明  许光祥  黄海津 《水科学进展》2019,30(1):93-101

为了研究三维壁面紊动射流前方布置的垂直挡板对时均流动特性的影响，采用粒子图像测速技术对不同雷诺数和淹没水深条件下的流速场进行了测量，统计分析了U速度剖面分布、速度半宽值变化和最大速度衰减规律。结果表明:沿射流方向具有3个明显不同的衰减区，依次划分为自由边界下的三维壁面射流区（Ⅰ区）、垂直挡板影响区（Ⅱ区）和近壁区（Ⅲ区）。在重点分析的Ⅱ区内，3个特征物理量的分布规律均与雷诺数无关；在垂直挡板影响下，速度半宽值扩展率明显加快，发展更为充分；在水深H~1.75H范围内，射孔中垂面内速度半宽值扩展率为0.043，同时0.5H的递增对射孔中心水平面内速度半宽值的分布较为敏感，其扩展率由0.205增至0.270；最大速度衰减对水深的改变并不敏感，且在Ⅱ区加速衰减，衰减指数为1.095。通过与半无限空间中三维壁面射流径向型衰减区的流动特征比较，Ⅱ区与之相似，将Ⅱ区视为提前进入径向型衰减区。  相似文献   

Numerical study of sand scour with a modified Eulerian model based on incipient motion theory     

Qingqing Yuan  Min Zhao  Tong Ge 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2018,36(7):818-826

Application of the standard Eulerian model to simulations of sand scour results in unrealistic phenomena. Therefore, the present work develops a modified Eulerian model based on sand incipient motion theory. The modified model is applied for simulating a two-dimensional single vertical jet and a moving planar jet. The simulation results generally demonstrate fairly good agreement with published results of scour profiles and the velocity contours of the water and sand phases. In addition, equations to describe self-similar scour profiles for the moving planar jet cases are given. The results demonstrate that the modified model efficiently and accurately simulates the two-dimensional sand scour produced by jets, particularly for the moving jet cases.  相似文献   

提高地浸钻孔出水量的有效技术措施          下载免费PDF全文

胥虹 《探矿工程》2020,47(1):48-52

地浸钻孔是一种以采矿为目的的钻孔，提高钻孔出水量就是提高钻孔的采矿量。通过对多年地浸钻孔施工经验和理论进行分析，发现影响钻孔出水量的主要因素为钻井泥浆的成分和性能以及人工过滤层的渗透性差异，提出在地浸钻孔施工方案中采用植物胶净化泥浆钻进和扩孔、投砾罐射吸式填砾、物理化学组合洗井3种技术措施，对比前后施工钻孔的出水量大小，证明了该技术措施对提高地浸钻孔出水量具有良好的效果。  相似文献   

Assessment of soil factors controlling ephemeral gully erosion on agricultural fields   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Paul Ollobarren Del Barrio  Miguel A. Campo‐Bescós  Rafael Giménez  Javier Casalí 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(9):1993-2008

The soil factor is crucial in controlling and properly modeling the initiation and development of ephemeral gullies (EGs). Usually, EG initiation has been related to various soil properties (i.e. sealing, critical shear stress, moisture, texture, etc.); meanwhile, the total growth of each EG (erosion rate) has been linked with proper soil erodibility. But, despite the studies to determine the influence of soil erodibility on (ephemeral) gully erosion, a universal approach is still lacking. This is due to the complex relationship and interactions between soil properties and the erosive process. A feasible soil characterization of EG erosion prediction on a large scale should be based on simple, quick and inexpensive tests to perform. The objective of this study was to identify and assess the soil properties – easily and quickly to determine – which best reflect soil erodibility on EG erosion. Forty‐nine different physical–chemical soil properties that may participate in establishing soil erodibility were determined on agricultural soils affected by the formation of EGs in Spain and Italy. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory and in the field (in the vicinity of the erosion paths). Because of its importance in controlling EG erosion, five variables related to antecedent moisture prior to the event that generated the gullies and two properties related to landscape topography were obtained for each situation. The most relevant variables were detected using multivariate analysis. The results defined 13 key variables: water content before the initiation of EGs, organic matter content, cation exchange capacity, relative sealing index, two granulometric and organic matter indices, seal permeability, aggregates stability (three index), crust penetration resistance, shear strength and an erodibility index obtained from the Jet Test erosion apparatus. The latter is proposed as a useful technique to evaluate and predict soil loss caused by EG erosion. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Mesocosm experiments identifying hotspots of groundwater upwelling in a water column by fibre optic distributed temperature sensing          下载免费PDF全文

Amaya Irene Marruedo Arricibita  Stefan Krause  Jesus Gomez‐Velez  David M. Hannah  Jörg Lewandowski 《水文研究》2018,32(2):185-199

Lacustrine groundwater discharge (LGD) can substantially impact ecosystem characteristics and functions. Fibre optic distributed temperature sensing (FO‐DTS) has been successfully used to locate groundwater discharge into lakes and rivers at the sediment–water interface, but locating groundwater discharge would be easier if it could be detected from the more accessible water surface. So far, it is not clear if how and under which conditions the LGD signal propagates through the water column to the water surface–atmosphere interface, and what perturbations and signal losses occur along this pathway. In the present study, LGD was simulated in a mesocosm experiment. Under winter conditions, water with temperatures of 14 to 16 °C was discharged at the bottom of a 10 × 2.8‐m mesocosm. Water within this mesocosm ranged from 4.0 to 7.4 °C. Four layers (20, 40, 60, and 80 cm above the sediment) of the 82 cm deep mesocosm were equipped with FO‐DTS for tracing thermal patterns in the mesocosm. Aims are (a) to test whether the positive buoyancy of relatively warm groundwater imported by LGD into shallow water bodies allows detection of LGD at the lake's water surface–atmosphere interface by FO‐DTS, (b) to analyse the propagation of the temperature signal from the sediment‐water interface through the water column, and (c) to learn more about detectability of the signal under different discharge rates and weather conditions. The experiments supported the benchmarking of scale dependencies and robustness of FO‐DTS applications for measuring upwelling into aquatic environments and revealed that weather conditions can have important impacts on the detection of upwelling at water surface–atmosphere interfaces at larger scales.  相似文献   

北极薄冰-煎饼冰区域中不同重力波驱动形成海流的敏感性分析     

张雪妍  戴海瑨  赵军  殷何卿 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(3):123-129

A coupled ocean-ice-wave model is used to study ice-edge jet and eddy genesis during surface gravity wave dissipation in a frazil-pancake ice zone. With observational data from the Beaufort Sea, possible wave dissipation processes are evaluated using sensitivity experiments. As wave energy dissipated, energy was transferred into ice floe through radiation stress. Later, energy was in turn transferred into current through ocean-ice interfacial stress. Since most of the wave energy is dissipated at the ice edge, ice-edge jets, which contained strong horizontal shear, appeared both in the ice zone and the ocean. Meanwhile, the wave propagation direction determines the velocity partition in the along-ice-edge and cross-ice-edge directions, which in turn determines the strength of the along-ice-edge jet and cross-ice-edge velocity. The momentum applied in the along-ice-edge(cross-ice-edge)direction increased(decreased) with larger incident angle, which is favorable condition for producing stronger mesoscale eddies, vice versa. The dissipation rate increases(decreases) with larger(smaller) wavenumber, which enhances(reduces) the jet strength and the strength of the mesoscale eddy. The strong along-ice-edge jet may extend to a deep layer(> 200 m). If the water depth is too shallow(e.g., 80 m), the jet may be largely dampened by bottom drag, and no visible mesoscale eddies are found. The results suggest that the bathymetry and incident wavenumber(magnitude and propagation direction) are important for wave-driven current and mesoscale eddy genesis.  相似文献   

东北黑土区侵蚀沟遥感影像特征提取与识别   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

于佩鑫  周询  刘素红  王西凯 《遥感学报》2018,22(4):611-620

东北黑土区是中国重要的粮食生产区,而长期的开垦造成了严重的水土流失现象,坡耕地表面出现大量的侵蚀沟。侵蚀沟的识别是土壤侵蚀监测的重要手段之一,目前遥感技术在侵蚀沟的识别中应用广泛,但自动化程度不高。针对特定地物影像的识别,如何选取最能够有效描述该地物的特征是解决问题的关键。本文构建了耕地和侵蚀沟遥感影像的训练样本集,基于样本集分别提取了由光谱特征和纹理特征组成的浅层特征、SIFT特征经编码后得到的中层特征,以及利用卷积神经网络提取的深层特征;再基于不同层次的特征选用合适的分类器对遥感影像进行分类,识别出含有侵蚀沟的遥感影像,形成了一套针对侵蚀沟的特征提取与识别方法,为东北黑土区的耕地保护提供有力支持。测试结果表明:基于中层特征的识别精度最高,为98.5%,但该特征需要人工设计,自动化程度有限;而利用卷积神经网络可自动提取深层特征,其识别精度达到了95.5%,同时大大提高了自动化程度,满足侵蚀沟影像的识别的需求。  相似文献   

一次攀西地区飑线天气过程形成机制分析     

李永军  陈科艺 《气象科技》2019,47(6):997-1005

利用地面气象常规观测资料、区域自动站观测资料、雷达及卫星资料和NCEP 1°×1°的逐6h再分析资料,对2018年5月13日攀西地区南部的飑线天气过程的形成机制进行分析。结果表明:飑线发生在高空槽前,高空槽逐渐东移推动冷性气流沿背风坡东移,然后与前方低层暖空气汇合抬升形成对流;露点锋触发了飑线天气过程的形成;产生飑线天气区域的大气具有上干下湿、不稳定能量高、垂直风切变强、高层风速大和形成之前存在逆温层的特点;高空急流和动量下传对飑线的发生和加强具有促进作用;地形对飑线的形成和天气现象的分布有影响。  相似文献   

秋季北极海冰对EP型ENSO的非线性响应          下载免费PDF全文

祁莉  马威威  何金海  耿新 《大气科学学报》2019,42(1):117-128

利用1961—2015年Hadley中心逐月海表温度资料、海冰密集度资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,探讨了秋季北极海冰对于EP型ENSO事件的异常响应,并进一步研究了这种异常响应的可能原因。结果表明,秋季北极海冰对EP型ENSO的响应具有非线性,特别是喀拉海海域(60°～90°E,70°～80°N)海冰无论在EP型El Ni?o或是La Ni?a位相,均表现为显著的负异常。进一步研究发现,不同ENSO位相造成该区域海冰异常偏少的机制有明显不同。EP型El Ni?o年秋季菲律宾附近海域对流活动被抑制,所激发的经向波列在高纬地区形成异常反气旋环流,其南风分量向喀拉海输送暖平流,造成海冰异常偏少。而EP型La Ni?a年喀拉海海域则主要受到来自大西洋开放性海域西风异常的影响,合成结果和个例年均显示EP型La Ni?a年秋季北大西洋上空存在一个显著的西风急流中心,有利于北大西洋开放性海域较暖海水向下游输送,进而影响喀拉海海冰。这些结果表明,热带外地区大气环流场对EP型ENSO的非线性响应导致了喀拉海海冰对EP型ENSO事件的响应也表现出明显的非线性。  相似文献