2018年斐济M_W8.2深震:高频辐射过程和发生原因          下载免费PDF全文

张喆  许力生  杜海林 《地球物理学报》2019,62(11):4279-4289

2018年8月19日，在斐济东部海域563 km深处发生了一次M_W8.2地震.我们首先挑选位于美国阿拉斯加地区的131个宽频带台站构成台阵，选用垂直分量0.5~2 Hz的高频信号，利用广义台阵反投影技术对这次地震的破裂过程进行了成像，然后基于破裂速度对地震的辐射效率进行了估计.结果表明，这次地震总体上呈单侧破裂，破裂方位在3.0°左右，破裂总长度约51 km，持续时间22 s，平均破裂速度为2.5 km·s^-1.但能量释放有2次高峰，形成两次子事件.第一次为前10 s，峰值在7 s左右，破裂速度为2.9 km·s^-1，辐射效率为45%.第二次为10~22 s，峰值在15 s左右，破裂速度为1.6 km·s^-1，辐射效率为26%.结合震源位置、震源机制、破裂速度以及辐射效率，我们认为这次地震是由于俯冲板块前缘受到下部地幔物质上浮阻力引起的剪切失稳所致，起初板块内部的脆性破裂表现突出，致使辐射效率较高，后来震源处高温高压下的熔融耗散特征逐渐凸现，致使辐射效率下降.  相似文献   

短脉冲激光在实验室天体物理方面的研究进展     

孙嘉宁  袁大伟  王菲鹿 《天文研究与技术》2021,(2):248-254

随着啁啾脉冲放大技术(Chirped Pulse Amplification,CPA)的飞速发展,激光功率密度实现了飞跃式的提升,利用短脉冲激光开展实验室天体物理研究的条件日趋成熟。短脉冲激光与靶相互作用可以产生相对论粒子(正负电子、质子、中子等)和高能电磁辐射(X射线、γ射线),这些粒子和辐射的产生过程与天体中的某些物理现象相对应。介绍了利用短脉冲激光开展实验室天体物理的研究进展,重点介绍了核天体物理、空心离子光谱学、相对论无碰撞冲击波以及等离子体状态诊断等。  相似文献   

Satellite-based Estimates of Canopy Photosynthetic Parameters for an Alpine Meadow in Northern     

NIU Ben  HE Yongtao  ZHANG Xianzhou  SHI Peili  DU Mingyuan 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(3):253-262

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Detection of coffee berry necrosis by digital image processing of landsat 8 oli satellite imagery     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

Coffee berry necrosis is a fungal disease that, at a high level, significantly affects coffee productivity. With the advent of surface mapping satellites, it was possible to obtain information about the spectral signature of the crop on a time scale pertinent to the monitoring and detection of plant phenological changes. The objective of this paper was to define the best machine learning algorithm that is able to classify the incidence CBN as a function of Landsat 8 OLI images in different atmospheric correction methods. Landsat 8 OLI images were acquired at the dates closest to sampling anthracnose field data at three times corresponding to grain filling period and were submitted to atmospheric corrections by DOS, ATCOR, and 6SV methods. The images classified by the algorithms of machine learning, Random Forest, Multilayer Perceptron and Naive Bayes were tested 30 times in random sampling. Given the overall accuracy of each test, the algorithms were evaluated using the Friedman and Nemenyi tests to identify the statistical difference in the treatments. The obtained results indicated that the overall accuracy and the balanced accuracy index were on an average around 0.55 and 0.45, respectively, for the Naive Bayes and Multilayer Perceptron algorithms in the ATCOR atmospheric correction. According to the Friedman and Nemenyi tests, both algorithms were defined as the best classifiers. These results demonstrate that Landsat 8 OLI images were able to identify an incidence of the coffee berry necrosis by means of machine learning techniques, a fact that cannot be observed by the Pearson correlation.  相似文献   

Study of irregular wave run-up over fringing reefs based on a shock-capturing Boussinesq model     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

This paper presents the results of a parametric study of irregular wave run-up over fringing reefs using the shock-capturing Boussinesq wave model Funwave-TVD to better understand the role of fringing reefs in the mitigation of wave-driven flooding. Laboratory experiments were newly performed with a typical fringing reef profile and typical hydrodynamic conditions to validate the model. Experimental data shows irregular wave run-ups are dominated by the low-frequency motions and confirms the run-up resonant phenomenon over the back-reef slope, which has been revealed in previous numerical studies. It is demonstrated that irregular wave evolution and run-up over fringing reefs are reasonably reproduced by the present model with a proper grid size. However, the infragravity run-up height and highest 2% run-up height over the back-reef slope are under-predicted due to the underestimation of the infragravity wave height over the reef flat. The validated model was then utilized to model irregular wave transformations and run-ups under different conditions. Through a series of numerical experiments, the effects of key hydrodynamic and reef geometry parameters, including the reef flat width, water depth over the reef flat, fore-reef slope angle and back-reef slope angle, on the irregular wave run-up were investigated. Variations of spectral components of irregular wave run-ups were examined to better understand the physical process underlying the effect of each parameter.  相似文献   

Time series analysis of mantle cycles Part I: Periodicities and correlations among seven global isotopic databases     

Stephen J. Puetz  Kent C. Condie 《地学前缘(英文版)》2019,10(4):1305-1326

In this study, seven isotopic databases are presented and analyzed to identify mantle and crustal episodes on a global scale by focusing on periodicity ranging from 70 to 200 million years (Myr). The databases are the largest, or among the largest, compiled for each type of data – with an objective of finding some samples from every region of every continent, to make each database as global as conceivably possible. The databases contain zircon Lu/Hf isotopic data, whole-rock Sm/Nd isotopic data, U/Pb detrital zircon ages, U/Pb igneous zircon ages, U/Pb non-zircon ages, whole-rock Re/Os isotopic data, and large igneous province ages. Part I of this study focuses on the periodicities of age histograms and geochemical averages developed from the seven databases, via spectral and cross-correlation analyses. Natural physical cycles often propagate in exact integer multiples of a fundamental cycle, referred to as harmonics. The tests show that harmonic geological cycles of ～93.5 and ～187 Myr have persisted throughout terrestrial history, and the cyclicities are statistically significant for U/Pb igneous zircon ages, U/Pb detrital zircon ages, U/Pb zircon-rim ages, large igneous province ages, mean ε_Hf(t) for all samples, mean ε_Hf(t) values for igneous-only samples, and relative abundance of mafic rocks. Equally important, cross-correlation analyses show these seven time-series are nearly synchronous (±7 Myr) with a model consisting of periodicities of 93.5 and 187 Myr. Additionally, the similarities between peaks in the 93.5 and 187 Myr mantle cycles and terminal ages of established and suspected superchrons provide a framework for predicting and testing superchron periodicity.  相似文献   

结合IR-MAD与均值漂移算法的密集城区遥感影像变化检测     

聂倩  赵艳福 《测绘通报》2020,(6):57-62

不同时相遥感影像变化检测已成为土地利用变更调查、城市扩张分析、自然灾害分析及其他环境问题必不可少的技术手段之一。本文提出了一种结合IR-MAD与均值漂移算法的密集城区遥感影像变化检测方法。该方法通过伪不变特征法完成两期影像的相对辐射校正，有效改善影像间的配准误差，并利用IR-MAD算法对校正后的影像进行迭代运算，采用均值漂移算法对迭代后的影像进行分割，同时运用形态学方法处理分割后的影像，最终提取变化图斑。试验结果表明，该方法可以有效检测出变化区域，可应用于城市地表覆盖的变化检测。  相似文献   

一种基于天基的瞬变电磁高分辨探测小尺度太空碎片的方法          下载免费PDF全文

李文翰  李贺  鲁凯亮  崔洪亮 《地球物理学报》2018,61(12):5066-5076

目前，太空碎片的天基探测方法一般是激光雷达法.由于激光雷达的辐射频率一般为可见光或红外波段，在分辨厘米量级的太空碎片时具有一定的优势.但激光雷达在探测时也面临一些客观问题：即（1）难以捕捉快速移动的太空碎片；（2）对目标体穿透能力低；（3）外层空间的强干扰环境对激光雷达的不良影响等.这些问题在一定程度上限制了激光雷达在太空碎片探测方面的应用.本文针对太空碎片体积小、预警距离远和强干扰环境等特点，提出使用高性能瞬变电磁辐射源对远距离、小尺度的太空碎片进行探测.通过三维矢量有限元方法，分析了利用高性能瞬变电磁辐射源的优点，对比不同瞬变电磁辐射源的幅频特性，从发射机理上证明高性能瞬变电磁辐射源在辐射能力与频率带宽方面都优于传统瞬变电磁辐射源.并通过调整脉冲宽度，得到最适合探测本文太空碎片模型的辐射脉冲.最后通过电场分布图和多测道图对太空碎片的明显电场分异结果，证实了高性能瞬变电磁辐射源在探测远距离、小尺度太空碎片方面的有效性.  相似文献   

Estimating the starting time and identifying the type of urbanization based on dense time series of landsat-derived Vegetation-Impervious-Soil (V-I-S) maps – A case study of North Taiwan from 1990 to 2015     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

Land cover and land use change (LCLUC) is a global phenomenon, and LCLUC in urbanizing regions has substantial impacts on humans and their environments. In this paper, a semi-automatic approach to identifying the type and starting time of urbanization was developed and tested based on dense time series of Vegetation-Impervious-Soil (V-I-S) maps derived from Landsat surface reflectance imagery. The accuracy of modeled V-I-S fractions and the estimated time of initial change in impervious cover were assessed. North Taiwan, one of the regions of the island of Taiwan that experienced the greatest urban LCLUC, was chosen as a test area, and the study period is 1990 to 2015, a period of substantial urbanization. In total, 295 dates of Landsat imagery were used to create 295 V-I-S fraction maps that were used to construct fractional cover time series for each pixel. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE)s for the modeled Vegetation, Impervious, and Soil were 25 %, 22 %, 24 % respectively. The time of Urban Expansion is estimated by logistic regression applied to Impervious cover time series, while the time of change for Urban Renewal is determined by the period of brief Soil exposure. The identified location and estimated time for newly urbanized lands were generally accurate, with 80% of Urban Expansion estimated within ±2.4 years. However, the accuracy of identified Urban Renewal was relatively low. Our approach to identifying Urban Expansion with dense time series of Landsat imagery is shown to be reliable, while Urban Renewal identification is not.  相似文献   

碰撞非相干散射理论谱宏观法和微观法的比较研究          下载免费PDF全文

梁宇  赵必强  乐新安  丁锋  曾令旗  郝红连  宁百齐  万卫星 《地球物理学报》2020,63(2):387-393

非相干散射理论谱是理解非相干散射雷达探测的理论基础,其求解过程分为微观法和宏观法.在考虑碰撞不考虑磁场的条件下,本文使用这两种方法对理论谱分别进行求解,给出了关键求解过程,并对等离子体的归一化导纳和极化率以及非相干散射的微分散射截面和谱密度函数进行分析,得到了它们各自之间的数学关系,概括性分析了两种方法在理论选择、最终结论及多种因素下求解的异同点.  相似文献