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1.
Snow avalanches are a widespread natural phenomenon in steep mountain environments, where they modulate landscapes and frequently disturb forest stands. Such disturbances in trees have been used since the 1970s to retrospectively date avalanches, study their extent and reach, as well as to document their triggers. Although virtually every dendrogeomorphic paper is still based on the concepts established by Shroder (1978), important methodological improvements have been achieved in the field ever since and more particularly over the last decade. This study therefore reports on recent methodological progress and employs three different approaches (i.e. Shroder index value and Kogelnig-Mayer weighted index value) and different sets of signals in trees (i.e. inclusion of tangential rows of traumatic resin ducts as evidence of past avalanching) to record snow avalanche activity. Using 238 increment cores from 105 Picea abies (L.) Karst trees which colonize a snow avalanche path in the Romanian Carpathians, we illustrate possibilities and limitations of the different approaches for the period covered by the chronologies (1852–2013). In addition, we sampled 30 undisturbed P. abies trees from a forest stand north of the avalanche path, where no geomorphic disturbance was identified, so as to build a reference tree-ring chronology. The three avalanche chronologies constructed with the disturbed trees allow identification of past process activity, but results differ quite considerably in terms of avalanche frequency, number of reconstructed events and their temporal distribution. Depending on the approach used, 15 to 20 snow avalanches can be reconstructed, with the best results being obtained in the dataset including tangential rows of traumatic resin ducts. The addition of this anatomical feature, formed after mechanical impact enlarges the number of growth disturbances by 43.5%, and can thus explain the increase of reconstructed avalanches by one-third as compared to the results of the chronology using the “conventional” Shroder approach.  相似文献   
2.
《Polar Science》2014,8(2):183-195
Tree-ring chronologies of ring width and stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) over the past 160 years were developed using living larch trees at two forest sites, each with different annual precipitation, in eastern Siberia: Spasskaya Pad (SP) (62°14′N, 129°37′E); and Elgeeii (EG) (60°0′N, 133°49′E). Intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) was derived from tree-ring δ13C. The physiological responses of the larch trees to climate varied between these sites and over time. Ring widths correlated negatively with summer temperatures at SP, where summer precipitation is lower than at EG, probably due to temperature-induced water stress. Since the 1990s, however, the negative effect of warming has been more severe at EG, where the productivity of larch trees is higher than at SP. A greater reduction of larch tree growth and higher increase rate of iWUE at EG reflects greater temperature-induced water stress, which is incident to the larger forest biomass. Our results suggest that effect of increase in atmospheric CO2 on larch tree growth is not sufficient to compensate for temperature-induced water stress on larch growth in eastern Siberia and differences in precipitation and forest productivity largely affect the larch tree response to changing climate in eastern Siberia.  相似文献   
3.
August–July precipitation has been reconstructed back to AD 1724 for the Mohe region in the northern Greater Higgnan Mountains, China, using Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica tree-ring width. The reconstruction explains 39% of the variance in the precipitation observed from AD 1960–2008. Some droughts noted in historical documents are precisely captured in our reconstruction. Wet periods occurred during the periods of AD 1734–1785, AD 1805–1830, AD 1863–1880, AD 1922–1961, and AD 1983–1998; while the periods of AD 1786–1804, AD 1831–1862, AD 1881–1921, and AD 1962–1982 were relatively dry. Power spectral and wavelet analyses demonstrated the existence of significant 24-yr, 12-yr, and 2-yr cycles of variability. The results of the spatial correlations suggest that our reconstruction contains climatic signals for the southern Stanovoy Range and the northern Greater Higgnan Mountains. The positive correlations between the new reconstructed precipitation series and two precipitation reconstructions indicate that our precipitation reconstruction captures broad-scale regional climatic variations. A comparison between the weakening tendency of summer monsoon and the dry period of our reconstruction reveals that the annual precipitation in the Mohe region is partly influenced by the East Asian Summer Monsoon.  相似文献   
4.
Volcanic eruptions can significantly cool the global troposphere on the time scales from several months up to a decade due to reflection of solar radiation by sulfate aerosols and feedback mechanisms in the climate system. The impact of volcanic eruptions on global climate are discussed in many studies. However, few studies have been done on the impact of volcanic eruption on climate change in China in the past millennium. The 1300-year and 600-year temperature series were reconstructed based on the six tree-ring temperature proxy data in northeastern and southeastern Tibetan Plateau, respectively. Three warm periods occurred in 670-920,1000-1310 and 1590-1930, and three cold periods happened at 920-1000,1310-1590 and 1930-2000 in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. There were two obviously warm periods (1385-1450 and 1570-1820) and two cold periods (1450-1570 and 1820-2000) in southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Contrasting with volcanic eruption chronology, we analyzed the relationship between volcanic activity and temperature variation in the eastern Tibetan plateau during the past millennium using Superposed Epoch Analysis (SEA) method. The results indicated that the temperature decreased one year after large volcanic eruptions located beteen 10°S and 10°N in latitude in northeastern Tibetan Plateau and two years in southeastern Tibetan Plateau. The volcanic eruptions occurred at different latitudes have different impacts on the temperature variations, which may be caused by regional difference, the nature of the eruption, the magnitude of the resulting change in incoming solar radiation, prevailing background climate and internal variability, season, latitude, and other considerations.  相似文献   
5.
利用天山北坡中部沙湾地区两个坡面随海拔高度采集的雪岭云杉树芯样本,建立了13个树轮宽度年表。分析结果表明,2个坡面年表特征值随海拔高度的变化而不同,不同海拔树轮宽度对气候因子的响应呈现规律性。高低海拔采样点在生长季前对气候因子的响应相同,而在生长季则呈相反的响应。在生长季,高海拔采样点随海拔的升高,树轮宽度对气温的响应降低。不同坡面间受小生境的干扰较大,坡度较小的大鹿角湾高海拔采样点主要受气温的影响,而在坡度较大的石头沟高海拔采点则对降水有更明显的响应。沙湾树轮宽度年表对PDSI指数的响应与大尺度范围的树轮响应一致,即与PDSI呈正相关,低海拔区域响应最显著。主成分分析表明,在同一坡面树轮宽度年表的前3个主分量可以反映因海拔高度变化气候因子对树木年轮生长的影响。2个坡面树轮宽度年表的第一主分量表征持续干旱对整个坡面的影响。  相似文献   
6.
理解地貌过程以及认识过去灾害发生的频率,是自然灾害风险评价的重要任务。树木年轮由于其具有定年准确、连续性强、分辨率高和易于复本等特点,近年来被用到恢复过去灾害发生的时间。随着滑坡、泥石流等山地地质灾害性事件发生频率的增加,地质灾害风险管理和评价受到了越来越多的关注。在样品量足够的前提下,树木年轮方法可以精确地确定滑坡事件发生的年份。以甘肃南部武都区外纳乡的九房山滑坡为研究对象,利用树木年轮分析方法对该滑坡的灾害事件发生的时间进行了初步的研究。结果显示:1.树木年轮样品在1980—1982年,1984—1987年以及1991-1993年都出现了年轮宽度迅速减小或者迅速增加的现象。本研究将1980—1982年,1984—1987年以及1991—1993年定为滑坡活动年份,其中1992年和1993年的滑坡与当地记载的滑坡年份一致。强降水,地震影响以及不合理的灌溉活动都可能导致滑坡的复活,但降雨仍是导致九房山滑坡复活的重要因素。2.树木年轮样品中出现的偏心木和伪轮现象也是对滑坡灾害发生的佐证,说明受到滑坡灾害的影响,树木的生长环境发生了改变。  相似文献   
7.
利用树木年轮重建川西松潘高原5月降水变化特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
利用四川省松潘县西部牟尼沟二道海采集的树木年轮样本,建立了该地区173年树木年轮年表序列,并依据响应函数、相关与偏相关方法,分析了该年表与气象要素之间的关系,发现该年表对5月降水较敏感,并由此重建了1837-2009年松潘高原地区5月降水序列.结果表明,1837年以来松潘高原地区先后经历了5个偏湿阶段和3个偏干阶段;以重建的1971-2000年30年气候平均值为基准,在重建的16个气候时段中1961-1990年是降水最少的气候时段,而1837-1860年则是降水最多的气候时段;降水发生了多次正负突变,比较可靠的突变点出现在1863年前后、1874年前后、1890年前后、1904年前后、1958年前后和1994年前后;重建序列周期变化明显,存在2~4年、16年和32~50年为主的周期振荡.  相似文献   
8.
To determine periods of incremental landslide movement and their possible relationship to regional seismic events, the tree-ring records of 32 tilted and damaged conifers at three sites on landslides in the Gravelly Range of southwestern Montana were examined. Several signs of disturbance in the tree-ring record indicating landslide movement were observed. Commonly, the tree-ring record displayed a marked reduction in annual ring width and/or the reaction wood formation. The tree-ring records from the three landslide sites indicate multiple periods of movement during the 20th century. Many of the periods of movement indicated by the strongest signals (most trees) at the sites occurred the year following significant earthquakes in the region. Those seismic events for which evidence in the tree-ring record was found at one or more of the three sites are the 1983 Borah Peak, 1959 Hebgen Lake, 1935 Helena, 1925 Clarkson, and 1908 Virginia City earthquakes. This study suggests that many of the landslide movements were triggered by, or are coincident with, earthquakes as much as 200 km from the study area.  相似文献   
9.
依据青海海西德令哈、乌兰的树木年轮资料序列与柴达木地区1962—2001年5~6月份地温资料序列之间较好的同期相关特征,重建了柴达木地区5~6月份地面Ocm温度及地面最高温度千年历史资料序列。运用乘积平均值、误差缩减值等方法对重建方程进行了检验,证明重建序列可信。通过分析发现,在重建的1098年中,有6个主要的冷期和6个主要的暖期,地面0cm温度序列存在12个主要突变期,地面最高温度序列存在15个主要突变期。周期分析表明,地面0cm温度和地面最高温度均存在183年、122年和91年左右的长周期以及6.8年和2~3年的短周期。  相似文献   
10.
We present a reconstruction of June–July minimum temperatures since AD 1245 for the Mackenzie Delta region based on a 29-site network of white spruce (Picea glauca) ring-width series. Most but not all trees experienced a divergent temperature–growth response, similar to the divergence that has affected other white spruce trees across Yukon and Alaska. However, divergence in the study region began as early as AD 1900 and we have documented our methods to avoid including divergent signals in the reconstruction. Calibration/verification testing based on local temperature data, and multi-century coherence with nearby and large-scale temperature proxy records, confirm that our reconstruction is robust. The reconstruction shows cool conditions in the late 13th, early 18th and early 19th centuries, corresponding with solar minima and increased volcanism. These cool periods are interrupted by warm periods consistent with early to mid-20th century warmth. The late 20th century is the warmest interval, and the last decade is estimated to be 1.4°C warmer than any decade before the mid-20th century. The reconstructed climate history corroborates other proxy-based inferences and supports the notion that high-latitude regions such as the Mackenzie Delta have experienced rapid warming in recent decades that is exceptional in the last eight centuries.  相似文献   
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