国外军事地质学热点问题     

李万伦  吕鹏  孟庆奎  王铭晗 《地质论评》2020,66(1):189-196

近年来以美国为代表的西方军事强国在军事地质学领域已取得了很大进展,尤其在应对未来战争方面作了许多准备。通过系统搜集国际军事地球科学会议(ICMG)和美国地质学会(GSA)有关军事地质学的最新专题研讨会论文与其他公开出版资料,梳理了当前国外军事地质学研究的热点问题并阐述了其新进展,其中作战领域包括地形情报研究、军事基地选址、潜在特殊战场环境调查、地下重要设施评价、非常规作战环境调查;非作战领域则包括抢险救灾、生态环境保护和环境安全评价等。最后分析了当前军事地质学研究存在的问题,并指出了其未来发展趋势。  相似文献   

Research on the Optimization of Capital for the Governance of Bulk Coal in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region     

DU Xiaolin  FENG Xiangzhao  ZHAO Mengxue  WANG Min 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(1):48-55

Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei each contributed to the comprehensive governance of bulk coal to treat bulk coal pollution in a mutually beneficial way in 2017. The cooperative game theory is used in this paper to study the environmental benefits and cost effectiveness brought about by this comprehensive governance strategy, primarily focusing on the issue of how to maximize the environmental benefits by choosing an appropriate strategy since the benefits to Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei are closely related. Therefore, the linear optimization, game theory and Shapley value method in the cooperative game model are used to find the ways to minimize the total governance cost of bulk coal in the three areas. In addition, the issues of how to carry out rational distribution and transfer of governance capital among the three places are explored according to the actual amounts of consumption of bulk coal, the influence of the coal burning on the PM_2.5 and the actual cost of coal governance in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei in 2017. The results show that the governance task in Hebei Province is the most onerous, and requires more investment than the other two cities. Thus, it requires the support from other two cities, with the amount of increased capital required of about 600 million Yuan. At the same time, the cost saved after optimization in Tianjin is calculated to be the largest, which thus can be adjusted appropriately and allocated to Hebei for the governance of bulk coal. The model constructed in this paper can not only be used to solve the issues related to bulk coal consumption in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, but also to carry out the effective distribution of capital, by which a win-win scenario among the three places can be achieved.  相似文献   

Decomposing productivity and efficiency changes in the Alaska head and gut factory trawl fleet     

《Marine Policy》2015

Fishing fleets are subject to numerous factors that affect economic performance, making identification and attribution of such impacts difficult. This paper separately identifies the effects of changing input and output prices, fishery management, and quota allocations on total factor productivity using a Lowe Index. Indices account for technical change and decompose productivity estimates into its technical, environmental, and scale-mix components. This results in measures that reflect shifts in the production frontier, and movements by vessels toward and around the frontier, to capture economies of scale and mix after a policy shift to a catch share program that includes fishing cooperatives and a limited access fishery. The difference between cooperative and limited access vessels is exploited to compare the changes in economic performance between the groups after the introduction of the shift to catch shares and cooperative management, which allowed the vessels to improve the timing and coordination across multi-species fisheries and to decrease incidental catch of quota-limited bycatch species that had closed the target fisheries prematurely in the past. Results indicate that total factor productivity increased significantly after the move to a catch share program, largely due to increases in technical change that shifted out the production frontier of the fishery.  相似文献   

区域产学研体系下创新人才培养研究——以工科专业学位研究生为例     

杨斌 《测绘工程》2015,(3):74-77

从人才创新机制下剖析区域产学研合作体系内涵,分析工科专业学位研究生培养现状及存在问题。以西南科技大学多年来区域产学研联合办学及专业学位发展为例,深入剖析产学研体系下工科专业学位研究生创新人才教育模式,探索总结区域产学研模式下创新型人才培养途径和思路,为进一步壮大工科专业学位研究生培养模式和发展规模提供参考。  相似文献   

基于简化力学模型的隧道锚极限承载力估值公式     

王东英  汤华  尹小涛  杨光华  姜燕 《岩土力学》2020,41(10):3405-3414

悬索桥隧道式锚碇的设计理念为锚碇夹持岩体协同承载，因而承载能力远超同体积的重力式锚碇。但因目前对围岩协同作用认识尚不充分，在当前隧道式锚碇设计中仍保守地忽略锚碇和岩体间的挤压效应。为弄清锚碇?岩体协同承载的机制，揭示隧道锚承载能力提高的本质，通过分析隧道式锚碇建设至成桥全过程受力，建立隧道锚的简化力学模型，并引用Mindlin应力解分析了荷载沿锚碇轴向的传递规律以及荷载产生的作用于锚碇?岩体间的挤压应力分布，最终给出了隧道式锚碇极限承载力的简化估算方法，并通过伍家岗大桥隧道锚工程实例分析了结果的合理性。所得结论主要有：锚碇?岩体界面力主要由锚碇自重和锚碇?岩体相互挤压产生；锚碇?岩体界面附加应力自后锚面向前锚面呈先增后减的变化趋势，在距后锚面约1/3L处达到应力峰值；以容许抗剪强度为破坏判据解得的伍家岗长江大桥隧道式锚碇的极限承载力为3 504 MN，约为16倍的设计荷载，与室内试验值基本吻合。  相似文献   

Assessment of Desert Ecological Assets and Countermeasures for Ecological Compensation     

BAO Yingshuang  CHENG Leilei  LU Qi 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(1):56-62

Can deserts be transformed into resources, into assets, and further into cash? It is necessary to scientifically assess desert ecological assets and incorporate them into the national economic accounting system and the current evaluation system for socio-economic development. This study will provide a scientific basis and robust data for establishing a target system that is compatible with both ecological civilization and an associated reward and punishment mechanism, as well as for designing and implementing effective compensation policies for desert ecosystems. This paper first defines desert ecological assets, and then develops a framework for assessing them based on the evaluation of desert ecological resources and desert ecosystem services. This framework paves the foundation for quantitatively assessing desert ecological assets and preparing balance sheets of desert ecological assets. Finally, this paper analyzes current policies relating to desert ecological compensation, discusses how to design compensation policies based on assessment of desert ecological assets, and puts forward suggestions for improving current policies.  相似文献   

基于便携式移动终端的虚拟地理环境协同感知问题研究     

辛欣  游雄  卫伟  张君儒 《测绘工程》2010,19(5):24-28

基于便携式移动终端的虚拟地理环境系统的主要目的,是提供一个便于携带、方便使用并支持多人交互合作的平台,其中用户之间的协同感知必然是多用户进行协同工作的基础。从便携式移动终端的硬件和软件构成着手,从终端到体系构建多移动终端用户虚拟地理环境体系结构,总结便携式移动终端协同感知问题自身的特点,提出基于空间感知的协同模型。  相似文献   

合作原则对大学英语四六级听力测试对话的指导   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄舒 《成都信息工程学院学报》2008,23(3):349-353

听力理解在英语四六级考试中占有重要的比例,提高听力水平既是教学的要求也是通过大学英语四六级考试的关键。因此在分析近年来大学英语四六级听力理解对话部分的难点的基础上,提出合作原则及相关理论对解答听力理解对话部分具有指导作用。  相似文献   

多旋翼无人机群自主探测大气边界层气象要素的模式分析     

罗琦  王伟  陆振宇  姜海梅  张雨田  苗国英  夏俊荣  王成刚 《南京气象学院学报》2014,6(2):121-128

深入研究大气边界层气象现象的发生、发展、消散机制,需要获取三维同步气象要素数据,而现有探测技术与手段难以提供.因此,提出利用多旋翼无人机群进行自主探测大气边界层气象要素的探测模式,并就探测模式的背景与意义、特点与优势、流程与可行性,以及需要进一步研究的相关科学问题进行了分析,认为多旋翼无人机群自主探测大气边界层气象要素的探测模式针对性、灵活性、机动性、可操作性强,并具有自主动态同步探测、自主智能追踪探测等功能.  相似文献   

空间合作目标交会对接光学测量研究     

陈密密  江刚武  姜挺 《测绘科学》2008,(Z1)

随着人类探索太空活动的深入,空间交会对接技术(RVD)发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文在介绍国外交会对接测量技术最新研究现状的基础上,研究了交会对接光学成像测量系统的原理和测量算法,并分析了光学成像测量系统设计中的几个关键技术,其测量有效性和测量精度直接关系到交会对接任务的成功与否,最后讨论了未来交会对接技术的发展方向。  相似文献