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1.
利用常规气象观测资料、区域自动气象站加密观测资料和GFS 0.25°×0.25°逐6 h的分析场数据以及多普勒雷达、风廓线等资料,通过背景形势场分析、物理量诊断分析和中尺度分析,对2018年3月4日发生在华东地区的强飑线天气过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明,这次过程具有发生时间(季节)早、移速快、范围广、致灾强等特点,是一次比较少见的早春(冬末)十分强烈的飑线天气过程,是在高空急流辐散区、低空西南急流轴前端、低涡南侧的暖区中发展起来的。飑线过程的地面要素变化十分剧烈,地面有强冷池,与飑线前暖空气之间构成了强的水平温度梯度,致使飑线强度更强;飑线经过时气压涌升所形成的雷暴高压、强气压梯度以及飑线的快速移动均有利于地面极端大风的出现。飑线发展过程中观测到弓形回波、超级单体等强天气系统。中高层动量下传和光滑湖面、喇叭口、狭管效应等特殊地形对于大风的增强效应比较显著,这些因素也加剧了地面极端大风的形成。 相似文献
2.
利用细观损伤力学模型建立了地壳损伤演化过程与地球重力场变化的关系 ,讨论了利用重力观测资料计算地壳微裂纹密度参数变化分布的理论与计算方法。利用河西地区 1992～ 1999年多期重复重力观测资料对该地区的裂纹密度参数变化进行了计算 ,并将计算结果与该地区的各观测时间段内相应发生的一级以上地震活动进行了对比分析 ,取得了一些有意义的结论和认识。 相似文献
3.
Dynamic damaging potential of ground motions must be evaluated by the response behaviour of structures, and it is necessary to indicate what properties of ground motions are most appropriate for evaluation. For that purpose, the behaviour of energy input process and hysteretic energy dissipation are investigated in this study. It is found that the momentary input energy that is an index for the intensity of input energy is related to the characteristics of earthquakes such as cyclic or impulsive, and to the response displacement of structures immediately. On the basis of these results, a procedure is proposed to predict inelastic response displacement of structures by corresponding earthquake input energy to structural dissipated damping and hysteretic energy. In this procedure the earthquake response of structures is recognized as an input and dissipation process of energy, and therefore structural properties and damaging properties of ground motions can be taken into account more generally. Lastly, the studies of the pseudodynamic loading test of reinforced concrete structure specimens subjected to ground motions with different time duration are shown. The purpose of this test is to estimate the damaging properties of ground motions and the accuracy of the proposed prediction procedure. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
A shakemap system providing rapid estimates of strong ground shaking could be useful for emergency response providers in a
damaging earthquake. A hybrid procedure, which combines site-dependent ground motion prediction models and the limited observations
of the Real-Time Digital stream output system (RTD system operated by Central Weather Bureau, CWB), was set up to provide
a high-resolution shakemap in a near-real-time manner after damaging earthquakes in Taiwan. One of the main factors that affect
the result of ground motion prediction analysis is the existence of site effects. The purpose of this paper is to investigate
the local site effects and their influence in the ground shaking and then establish an early estimation procedure of potential
hazard for damaging earthquakes. Based on the attenuation law, the site effects of each TSMIP station are discussed in terms
of a bias function that is site and intensity-level dependent function. The standard deviation of the site-dependent ground
motion prediction model can be significantly reduced. The nonlinear behavior of ground soil is automatically taken into account
in the intensity-level dependent bias function. Both the PGA and the spectral acceleration are studied in this study. Based
on the RTD data, event correctors are calculated and applied to precisely estimate the shakemap of damaging earthquakes for
emergency response. 相似文献
5.
北京雷暴大风气候特征及短时临近预报方法 总被引：14，自引：6，他引：8
北京地区雷暴大风的预报准确率低而且时效短.为了提高对这种灾害性天气的预警能力,在气候统计的基础上,研究了潜势预报方法和临近预报算法.对1998-2007年134个雷暴大风过程的统计结果表明,北京地区绝大多数的雷暴大风具有下击暴流特征,而且冰雹的落区附近也是大风的爆发区之一.因此,负浮力的作用和对冰雹具有指示性意义的因子是研究雷暴大风预报方法应主要考虑的因素.500hPa环流背景分析表明,尽管绝大多数雷暴大风爆发时对流层中层有干空气侵入,但是还有少数个例产生在偏南暖湿气流中.目前,对后一类大风产生的机制仍然不清楚.研究表明,当对流层中层有干空气侵入时,有利于雷暴大风出现的环境条件是:下沉气流具有较大的不稳定性,同时对流层低层环境大气的温度直减率较大.此外,还讨论了经验指数--大风指数在北京地区的应用.基于上述的研究,形成了北京地区雷暴大风短时潜势预报方法,还使用相关分析和多元回归分析技术建立了基于雷达观测和环境条件的雷暴大风临近预报方程.个例分析表明,临近预报方程对于飑线和弓形回波等带来的地面大风具有一定的预报能力. 相似文献
6.
对流有效位能在强对流预报中的应用研究 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：6
利用2003年3-10月清远探空站逐日资料，得到不同气块抬升高度的对流有效位能（CAPE），利用相关统计方法，对CAPE与强降水、雷雨大风的关系进行统计分析，结果表明：不同气块起始高度得到的对流有效位能相差很大，其中最佳对流有效位能始终是最大的；CAPE850与强降水呈显著正相关；CAPE850、MUCAPE、CAPEINV与雷雨大风呈显著正相关；CAPE850、MUCAPE、CAPEINV三者中，CAPE850与强对流的相关系数最高，但计算MUCAPE，了解大气的极端不稳定状况可以减少漏报的几率；CAPE变化趋势与强对流日的对应关系在前后汛期有不同的表现，前汛期对应关系较好。 相似文献
7.
Two classes of anthropogenic landforms can be recognized in the permafrost environment of northern Alaska. Primary anthropogenic landforms result from the operation of natural geomorphic processes on man-made features such as roads or gravel berms. Secondary anthropogenic forms are identical to natural geomorphic features, but evolve as indirect consequences of human actions. The first group is illustrated by a badly thermokarsted road, which has caused serious drainage disruptions likely to persist over a long time period. Secondary forms are exemplified by fields of palsa-like features, which are common where pipeline-related construction activities or structures cause shallow ponding. Because they evolve rapidly, anthropogenic permafrost landforms can provide great insight into the development of natural periglacial features. 相似文献
8.
一次中尺度雷暴大风过程的闪电特征分析 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
2005年6月21日山东北部出现了一次中尺度对流系统,并伴有地面灾害性大风。作者综合闪电定位资料、雷达和卫星资料详细分析了这次中尺度对流系统的闪电活动特征,结果表明,在系统初始发展阶段地闪频数快速增加.成熟阶段地闪频数一直较高,且都在20次/5 min以上,在减弱消散阶段,正地闪比例超过负地闪。负地闪多发生在对流降水区,而正地闪则对应于稳定的层状云降水区。逐小时地闪次数峰值滞后于云顶最低温度峰值,小于-50℃的冷云覆盖面积峰值滞后于地闪次数峰值。这次地面大风主要是较强下沉气流底部外流造成的,利用WINDEX计算的地面最大风速潜势与观测的阵风值非常接近。地面大风阶段对应着剧烈的闪电活动,地闪频数的跃增略提前于地面强风发生时间,这对灾害性天气过程的监测预警具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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10.
湿式外包钢加固钢筋混凝土柱抗震性能试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
规范中提到的湿式外包钢加固灌浆方法中，只有环氧树脂化学灌浆方法一种。本试验是根据韩城电厂所要加固的厂房来考虑的。主要研究两种类型的柱：长柱(剪跨比为4)和短柱(剪跨比为2)。每类柱试验五种加固灌浆情况，分析各试件的破坏特征，比较各种加固方案的效果，为电厂加固推荐最佳方法。研究了钢筋混凝土柱湿式外包钢加固构件在低周往复荷载作用下荷载位移滞回曲线，复合灌浆料加固这一新技术具有施工速度快、加固质量好及显著的经济效益等优点。试验结果表明可为钢筋混凝土抗震规范提供重要依据。 相似文献