微型全极化SAR海洋监测应用技术研究     

王军锋  乔明  刘子畅  吕大勇 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(2):88-90

我国作为海洋大国,近年来海洋事业进入快速发展时期,合成孔径雷达以其自身的技术特点在海洋遥感监测中发挥了重要的作用。在以往的海洋监测中大多采用星载合成孔径雷达获取海洋数据,但因星载SAR受到卫星搭载平台和运行轨道等因素影响,对局部地区高时效的数据获取还存在一定的制约因素。本文通过对无人机机载微型全极化合成孔径雷达对海岸带、海岛礁、海洋动目标高分辨率成像和应用分析研究,为无人机机载SAR在海洋监测中的应用提供了全新的技术手段。  相似文献   

高分三号SAR影像双阈值变化检测   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

崔斌  张永红  闫利  魏钜杰 《遥感学报》2020,24(1):1-10

双阈值合成孔径雷达SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar)变化检测算法具有在发现变化区域的同时还能确定地表发生后向散射变化类型的优点。针对广义高斯双阈值最小误差法D-GKIT(Dual Generalized Kittler and Illingworth Thresholding)在进行阈值选取时直方图中不同类别像素灰度级重叠严重时,分割结果容易在尖峰单侧选取出双阈值而导致无法正确分割差异图的问题,本文提出一种结合归一化最大类间方差和广义高斯最小误差法GKIT(Generalized Kittler and Illingworth Thresholding)的双阈值SAR变化检测方法。首先,提出以归一化最大类间方差值作为灰度级重叠程度的判别参数,确定阈值的选取顺序及两个候选区间;然后,利用GKIT在候选区间内进行分割,获取单侧阈值及非变化类拟合函数;最后,提出利用非变化类拟合函数更新后的直方图作为另一侧阈值选取基础进行分割,得到对应分割阈值。以宁波地区高分三号(GF-3)SAR卫星影像作为试验研究数据,结果表明:本文方法能较好地解决灰度级重叠时D-GKIT无法进行正确分割的问题,具有良好的变化检测效果和更强的鲁棒性且达到了利用研究区数据验证利用GF-3号SAR卫星影像进行变化检测研究可行性的目的。  相似文献   

偏振激光雷达探测大气—水体光学参数廓线   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

周雨迪  刘东  徐沛拓  毛志华  陈鹏  刘志鹏  刘群  唐培钧  张与鹏  王雪霁  任佳炜  金时伟 《遥感学报》2019,23(1):108-115

激光雷达在上层水体垂直廓线的遥感中展现出巨大优势。本文研制了一套高垂直分辨率的实时探测偏振激光雷达,提出了一种基于偏振激光雷达回波信号的反演算法,采用Fernald理论和多次散射原理反演非均匀大气—水体的衰减和退偏光学产品,以高效稳定地处理偏振激光雷达实验数据。展示了一个中国内陆水体激光雷达探测实例,观测到了两次气溶胶积聚现象和一次水体浑浊现象。对实验数据的分析表明,退偏比主要由前向多次散射和后向单次散射产生的退偏两部分组成。当多次散射强度较大时,退偏比的变化主要取决于多次前向散射退偏;反之,则主要依赖于单次后向散射退偏。  相似文献   

Study on multiple induced polarization parameters in groundwater exploration in Bashang poverty alleviation area of Heibei Province,China          下载免费PDF全文

LIU Zhi-yuan  TAN Ding  CHEN Zhi-bin  WEI Yun-fei  CHAI Quan  CHEN Xiao-hang 《地下水科学与工程》2020,8(3):274-280

The study examines a water exploration and poverty alleviation project in Guyuan county. The study analyzes correlations between aquifers and multiple induced polarization (IP) parameters, including resistivity, polarizability, deviation, half decay time, water-bearing factors, and Kc, a new parameter refined in this study. Based on the study, the well was placed accurately, and its maximum water inflow reached 30 m³/h. Kc value highlights the rate of change at early stages of IP secondary field. Kc value served as a quick indicator in this groundwater prospecting and is validated in practice. Progress has been made in finding new parameters in exploring water with IP method. Thanks to the project, local people have access to water and poverty alleviation has scored some achievements.  相似文献   

2018年云南通海MS5.0和墨江MS5.9地震前地磁垂直强度极化异常时空特征研究     

樊文杰  姚休义  廖晓峰 《中国地震》2020,36(2):276-283

利用云南11个地磁台站的秒采样观测数据，计算和分析了地磁垂直强度极化值Y_zh在2019年8月13日、14日通海M_S5.0地震前及2019年9月8日墨江M_S5.9地震前的时空变化特征。研究表明，地磁台站Y_zh值的幅度在震前会出现同步增强现象。而与以往的极化震例研究相比，Y_zh值的高值异常在震前出现时间要更早些，可能会在震前2~5个月出现，距发震时间越近，产生的异常幅值可能越大，异常持续时间也越长。同时，研究还发现2次地震主要发生在异常空间等值线的高值区内，尤其在零值阈值线附近，这可能对今后发震地点的预测有一定的指示意义。对比异常产生时段内的D_st指数，认为该高值异常并非由空间电流体系所引起。  相似文献   

Responses of chemically active and naturally fractured shale under time‐dependent mechanical loading and ionic solution exposure          下载免费PDF全文

Chao Liu  Son K. Hoang  Younane N. Abousleiman 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2018,42(1):34-69

In this paper, the analytical dual‐porosity dual‐permeability poromechanics solution for saturated cylinders is extended to account for electrokinetic effects and material transverse isotropy, which simulate the responses of chemically active naturally fractured shale under time‐dependent mechanical loading and ionic solution exposure. The solution addresses the stresses, fracture pore pressure, matrix pore pressure, fluid fluxes, ion concentration evolution, and displacements due to the applied stress, pore pressure, and solute concentration difference between the sample and the circulation fluid. The presented solution will not only help validate numerical simulations but also assist in calibrating and interpreting laboratory results on dual‐porosity dual‐permeability shale. It is recommended that the analytical solutions of radial and axial displacements be used to match the corresponding laboratory‐recorded data to determine shale dual permeability and chemo‐electrical parameters including membrane coefficient, ions diffusion coefficients, and electro‐osmotic permeability.  相似文献   

Dual Control of Depositional Facies on Uranium Mineralization in Coal‐bearing Series: Examples from the Tuanyushan Area of the Northern Qaidam Basin,NW China     

GUO Biao  SHAO Longyi  WEN Huaijun  HUANG Guangnan  ZOU Mingjun  LI Yonghong 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(2):733-754

The uranium deposits in the Tuanyushan area of northern Qaidam Basin commonly occur in coal-bearing series. To decipher the U-enrichment mechanism and controlling factors in this area, a database of 72 drill cores, including 56 well-logs and 3 sampling wells, was examined for sedimentology and geochemistry in relation to uranium concentrations. The results show that coal-bearing series can influence uranium mineralization from two aspects, i.e., spatial distribution and dynamic control. Five types of uranium-bearing rocks are recognized, mainly occurring in the braided river and braided delta sedimentary facies, among which sandstones near the coals are the most important. The lithological associations of sandstone-type uranium deposits can be classified into three subtypes, termed as U-coal type, coal-U-coal type, and coal-U type, respectively. The coal and fine siliciclastic rocks in the coalbearing series confined the U-rich fluid flow and uranium accumulation in the sandstone near them. Thus, the coal-bearing series can provide good accommodations for uranium mineralization. Coals and organic matters in the coal-bearing series may have served as reducing agents and absorbing barriers. Methane is deemed to be the main acidolysis hydrocarbon in the U-bearing beds, which shows a positive correlation with U-content in the sandstones in the coal-bearing series. Additionally, the δ13 C in the carbonate cements of the U-bearing sandstones indicates that the organic matters, associated with the coal around the sandstones, were involved in the carbonation, one important component of alteration in the Tuanyushan area. Recognition of the dual control of coal-bearing series on the uranium mineralization is significant for the development of coal circular economy, environmental protection during coal utilization and the security of national rare metal resources.  相似文献   

基于无机成因的油气勘查概念模型(BRCF)     

舒思齐  张洪涛  肖序常 《地质通报》2018,37(5):920-929

基于超基性岩蛇纹石化成油理论,根据构造条件和沉积条件,提出了石油勘查概念模型——"BRCF"模型:B代表侵入地壳超基性岩;R代表储油层;C代表盖层;F代表深大断裂。运用该模型分析了波斯湾地区油气田和中国典型油气田油气成藏规律,并预测了中国大陆油气勘查靶区。  相似文献   

面向高分遥感影像道路提取的轻量级双注意力和特征补偿残差网络模型     

陈振  陈芸芝  吴婷  李佳优 《地球信息科学学报》2022,24(5):949-961

针对高分辨率遥感影像背景复杂,道路提取容易受阴影、建筑物和铁路等背景信息干扰的问题,提出一种带有轻量级双注意力和特征补偿机制的DAFCResUnet模型。该模型在ResUnet的基础上,通过增加轻量级的双注意力和特征补偿模块实现模型在性能和时空复杂度上的平衡。其中,双注意力模块可以增强模型的特征提取能力,特征补偿模块可以融合网络中来自深浅层的道路特征。在DeepGlobe和GF-2道路数据集上的实验结果表明,DAFCResUnet模型的IoU和F1-score可以达到0.6713、0.8033和0.7402、0.8507,模型的整体精度优于U-Net、ResUnet和VNet模型。与U-Net和ResUnet模型相比,DAFCResUnet模型仅增加了少量的计算量和参数量,但IoU和F1-score均有较大幅度的提高;与VNet模型相比,DAFCResUnet模型在计算量和参数量远低于VNet的情况下取得了更高的精度,模型在精度和时空复杂度两方面均有优势。相比其他对比模型,DAFCResUnet模型具有更强的特征提取和抗干扰能力,能更好解决道路上的干扰物、与道路特征相似地物、树荫或阴影遮挡等造成的道路空洞、误提和漏提现象。  相似文献   

一次长生命史超级单体降雹演化机制及双偏振雷达回波分析     

高丽  潘佳文  蒋璐璐  翁之梅 《气象》2021,(2):170-182

2019年3月21日一次长生命史超级单体导致浙江省中部多个县(市)降雹,为了研究超级单体得以长时间维持的环境背景及其云物理特征,利用常规资料以及宁波S波段双偏振雷达数据,结合粒子相态识别算法,对此次过程的演变进行了分析。结果表明:高空槽前、850 hPa切变线附近和地面冷锋为超级单体提供了合适的环流背景;风暴传播区域对流有效位能的增加、风暴承载层的平均风向与风暴移动方向相近、风速大、对流风暴沿地面假相当位温梯度大值区向东传播及沿海强垂直风切变,导致中气旋旋转速度和旋转厚度的增加,这些都是对流风暴长时间维持的原因。通过此次降雹单体风暴结构分析发现:整个生命史对流发展非常旺盛,最大反射率维持在60 dBz以上,风暴顶维持在8 km以上,风暴质心高度出现的三次明显波动,对应三次降雹过程。垂直累积液态含水量(VIL)跃增量虽不及传统指标,但结合垂直累积液态含水量密度(VILD)、VIL最大值及最大反射率因子大值区,对冰雹业务预报有指示作用。通过降雹单体双偏振特征分析发现:冰雹下落过程中的翻滚现象,导致差分反射率(Z_dr)值接近0 dB,水平和垂直偏振波差异导致三体散射特征(TBSS)根部Z_dr大值区的出现;冰雹降落融化产生的外包水膜现象,使其Z_dr值增大,相关系数(CC)值减小;通过偏振参数Z_dr和CC特征,有助于识别高空大冰雹;超级单体的有界弱回波区(BWER)附近的Z_dr柱不仅可指示上升运动,同时对降雹单体不同的成长阶段具有指示作用。  相似文献