Exploring the stemflow dynamics and driving factors at both inter- and intra-event scales in a typical subtropical deciduous forest     

Haixia Zhang  Congsheng Fu  Aimin Liao  Can Zhang  Jiufu Liu  Niu Wang  Bin He 《水文研究》2021,35(3):e14091

Numerous efforts have been made to understand stemflow dynamics under different types of vegetation at the inter-event scale, but few studies have explored the stemflow characteristics and corresponding influencing factors at the intra-event scale. An in-depth investigation of the inter- and intra-event dynamics of stemflow is important for understanding the ecohydrological processes in forest ecosystems. In this study, stemflow volume (F_V), stemflow funnelling ratio (F_R), and stemflow ratio (F_%) from Quercus acutissima and Broussonetia papyrifera trees were measured at both inter- and intra-event scales in a subtropical deciduous forest, and the driving factors, including tree species and meteorological factors were further explored. Specifically, the F_V, F_R and F_% of Q. acutissima (52.3 L, 47.2, 9.6%) were lower than those of B. papyrifera (85.1 L, 91.2, 12.4%). The effect of tree species on F_V and F_% was more obvious under low intensity rainfall types. At the inter-event scale, F_V had a strong positive linear correlation with rainfall amount (G_P) and event duration (D_E) for both tree species, whereas F_R and F_% had a positive logarithmic correlation with G_P and D_E only under high-intensity, short-duration rainfall type. F_R and F_% were mainly affected by wind speed and the maximum 30-min rainfall intensity under low-intensity, long-duration rainfall type. At the intra-event scale, for both tree species, the mean lag time between the start of rainfall and stemflow was the shortest under high-intensity, short-duration rainfall type, while the mean duration and amount of stemflow after rain cessation were the greatest under high-amount, long-duration rainfall type. The relationship between stemflow intensity and rainfall intensity at the 5-min interval scale also depended greatly on rainfall type. These findings can help clarify stemflow dynamics and driving factors at both inter- and intra-event scales, and also provide abundant data and parameters for ecohydrological simulations in subtropical forests.  相似文献   

科尔沁湿草甸参考作物蒸散发模拟分析     

李霞  刘廷玺  段利民  王冠丽  童新  周亚军  杨晓君 《中国沙漠》2020,40(2):134-143

为探明气候变化下干旱半干旱地区湿草甸参考作物蒸散发(ET₀)影响因子,使用FAO 56 P-M模型对科尔沁湿草甸ET₀进行模拟,利用涡度相关系统对模型的适用性进行评价,并通过通径分析及指标敏感性分析对ET₀的影响因子进行辨识。结果表明:(1)小时尺度模拟精度最高,日尺度次之,月尺度较差,小时尺度上晴、阴、雨3种天气条件下模拟效果不同,晴天最优,阴雨天较差。(2)ET₀年内变化呈单峰曲线状,生长季明显高于非生长季,集中在3—10月,占全年89.79%。生长季典型晴天ET₀逐小时分布特征遵循倒“U”单峰型变化规律。(3)通径分析结果显示,对ET₀的通径系数以及对回归方程估测可靠程度E的总贡献均表现为VPD(饱和水汽压差) > T_min(最低气温) > R_n(冠层表面净辐射)>u₂(2 m高度风速),即VPD为影响ET₀最重要的因子;指标敏感性分析中,在去除VPD后引起的E变化最大,说明ET₀对VPD的变化最为敏感,其次为u₂、T_min和R_n。  相似文献   

中部地区农民城镇化意愿及其影响因素研究     

张荣天  李传武 《世界地理研究》2020,29(1):112-119

城镇化本质是“人”的城镇化，“人”的城镇化关键是实现由农民向市民的转化。首先，本文从理论上构建出农民城镇化意愿的二元logistic模型；其次，选取我国中部地区安徽皖南芜湖县、皖北临泉县作为典型案例地进行实证对比研究。结果表明：①总体上，典型县域农民城镇化意愿相对较强烈（75.01%）；②个体特征因素、家庭因素及社会因素均对安徽典型县域农民城镇化具有十分显著影响，其中受教育程度、家庭年总收入、学龄儿童、政府就业政策及教育政策等对农民城镇化意愿产生显著正向效应；务工年限、城里社会关系等也对农民城镇化意愿产生正向影响，但显著性程度相对不高；而农民年龄、户籍社保制度对农民城镇化意愿产生显著负向影响。③最后，从增加城镇就业岗位、开展职业教育培训、深化改革社保制度及加强社区治理体系建设等方面提出促进农民城镇化发展的政策建议。  相似文献   

2000年来中国边境城市对外贸易位序-规模分布及其影响因素     

杨鑫  彭飞  张琦琦  胡伟 《世界地理研究》2020,29(6):1102-1112

全球化背景下对外贸易活动是特定地域外向联系强度的重要表现，是边境城市区域功能的重要组成部分。运用位序-规模法则、分形理论及核密度等方法，以中国边境各城市的进出口贸易额为主要指标，剖析了中国边境地区对外贸易的规模分布特征及其影响因素。结果发现：①不同阶段的中国边境对外贸易位序-规模特征明显，位序结构内部城市次序变化较大；②位序-规模分布的无标度区变化显著，在18年内出现了4段分形表现，外贸活动的规模波动性、区域化特征明显；③影响因素表现为经济地理禀赋约束下核心城市支配效应明显、邻接地缘环境影响显著、政策导向与口岸推动、内部竞争反推空间结构协调演化四个方面；④不平衡性、集聚性在中国边境地区外贸活动中凸显，空间分布呈现为“核心-边缘”结构，当前国家层级应重点支持对外贸易优势城市，省级尺度协调域内城市对外贸易层次组织与区间联系。  相似文献   

河南省现代服务业集聚特征及影响因素分析     

孟琳琳  李江苏  李明月  宋莹莹 《世界地理研究》2020,29(6):1202-1212

现代服务业是伴随着科技发展而出现的一种新兴产业，对区域产业结构优化升级、促进经济发展等方面日趋重要。采用空间基尼系数、区位熵分析、EG指数和面板回归等方法，对2007—2017年河南省现代服务业集聚特征及影响因素进行分析，得出以下结论：①河南省现代服务业总体及其8个分行业集聚程度较高，其中科学研究和技术服务业集聚程度最高，教育最低；②河南省现代服务业总体及其8个分行业专业化水平较低，其中郑州市专业化水平最高，并在金融业，文化、体育和娱乐业2个行业表现出较强的集聚优势；③河南省现代服务业总体及其8个分行业空间集聚结构较差，发展还不成熟；④经济发展水平对河南省现代服务业发展影响最大，交通条件、资本支持、信息化水平和人力资本对现代服务业发展具有不同程度的促进作用，工业化水平、政府行为对其产生显著的负影响。  相似文献   

居住迁移对居民健康的影响研究进展述评     

程晗蓓  邹游  林赛南  李志刚 《地理科学进展》2020,39(7):1210-1223

进入城市时代以来,居住环境与居民健康的联系愈发密切,尤其在“流动性"增强的大背景下,居住迁移对居民健康的影响问题受到广泛关注。论文结合知识图谱分析和文献研究法,系统评述居住迁移影响居民健康问题的最新进展。研究发现：① 近15 a来,该领域的文献数量逐年增多,关注度持续上升;文献空间分布主要集中在发达国家,但不同地区的研究内容存在显著差异。② 主要研究对象由“同质性群体”向“异质性群体”转变,从“一般性群体”向“特殊群体”转变;研究方法由数理统计向混合研究、综合应用转变。③ 研究视角经历“人口迁移—个体健康”“居住迁移—环境—个体健康”与“迁居轨迹—环境演变—个体健康发展”等3个演变阶段。④ 近期研究重点有：迁居行为与儿童健康,迁居时空特征与身心健康,住房生涯与身心健康,邻里环境、累积剥夺与健康发展等。结合以上分析,提出如下建议：注重“整合性”分析;关注城市内部迁居行为和多次迁居轨迹对居民健康的影响;扩大迁居引发的“环境”因素(如居住隔离、社会分异、职住空间错位等)研究;更多关注迁居对二代流动人口儿童健康的影响,侧重对非正规居住空间如“城中村”等的研究。  相似文献   

白洋淀生态需水:进展及展望   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨薇  赵彦伟  刘强  孙涛 《湖泊科学》2020,32(2):294-308

采用文献计量、统计分析等手段收集了国内外关于白洋淀生态需水核算的研究成果,系统梳理了15种白洋淀生态需水核算方法,获得了白洋淀不同时间尺度、不同等级生态需水核算结果,并结合雄安新区规划对白洋淀生态需水核算存在的问题及未来的需求提出了展望统计结果表明,白洋淀最小生态水位为7.45±0.66 m,适宜水位为8.61±0.52 m,最大水位为9.46±0.51 m;各等级生态需水月际变化趋势大致相同,8 9月最大,5月最小,但各月不同等级生态需水量的变幅较大;白洋淀最小生态补水量为1.35亿m~3,适宜补水量2.40亿m~3,最大生态补水量6.20亿m~3从支撑雄安新区规划建设的角度来看,目前白洋淀生态需水核算中面临的不足主要集中在生态管理目标和方法选择导致核算结果差异较大、缺乏淀区生态需水机制的阐释、生态需水核算时间尺度较粗略、未考虑淀区空间异质性的需水差异以及忽略河湖水文连通关系与过程5个方面;最后,以恢复白洋淀良性生态系统为导向,从分级分区开展白洋淀生态需水精细核算、分时分段淀区生态需水量质耦合模拟和考虑河湖沼连通的淀区水动力过程恢复3个方面提出了未来研究的建议与展望.  相似文献   

Exploring the database of a soil environmental survey using a geo-self-organizing map: A pilot study     

Liao  Xiaoyong  Tao  Huan  Gong  Xuegang  Li  You 《地理学报(英文版)》2019,29(10):1610-1624

A model integrating geo-information and self-organizing map (SOM) for exploring the database of soil environmental surveys was established. The dataset of 5 heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb) was built by the regular grid sampling in Hechi, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in southern China. Auxiliary datasets were collected throughout the study area to help interpret the potential causes of pollution. The main findings are as follows: (1) Soil samples of 5 elements exhibited strong variation and high skewness. High pollution risk existed in the case study area, especially Hg and Cd. (2) As and Pb had a similar topo-logical distribution pattern, meaning they behaved similarly in the soil environment. Cr had behaviours in soil different from those of the other 4 elements. (3) From the U-matrix of SOM networks, 3 levels of SEQ were identified, and 11 high risk areas of soil heavy metal-contaminated were found throughout the study area, which were basically near rivers, factories, and ore zones. (4) The variations of contamination index (CI) followed the trend of construction land (1.353) > forestland (1.267) > cropland (1.175) > grassland (1.056), which suggest that decision makers should focus more on the problem of soil pollution surrounding industrial and mining enterprises and farmland.

  相似文献   

Fostering Environmental Sensitivity by Observing Everyday Environments     

Minsung Kim 《The Journal of geography》2019,118(4):157-168

This study examined the effects of observing and reflecting on everyday environments in the development of environmental sensitivity, defined as a holistic capability composed of predisposition, knowledge, and behavior subdimensions. We encouraged participants to use diverse sources, such as texts, photographs, and animation, to record their observations and thinking. As a result, the activity in this study was beneficial in enhancing students’ environmental sensitivity. Students’ mean scores on the environmental sensitivity questionnaire improved, and their reflective journals reported increased interest in everyday environments, enhanced knowledge about diverse environmental elements, and strengthened will to act pro-environmentally. The usefulness of the geospatial platform was also reported.  相似文献   

民间信仰载体的地域格局及其影响因素——以兰州市榆中县祠庙文化为例          下载免费PDF全文

宋周莺  虞洋  梁龙武  马振邦 《干旱区地理》2019,42(2):363-375

以祠庙祭祀为主体且祠庙保存良好的民间信仰是甘肃陇中地区民间文化的重要组成。甘肃陇中地区的民间信仰具有很强的趋同性，本文以陇中地区的榆中县为例，以各村的祠庙为民间文化载体，通过核密度分析、Logistic回归等方法探讨榆中县民间文化载体的空间分布及其影响因素对于探讨陇中地区人地关系，保护和弘扬民俗文化有着重要意义。研究结果表明：（1）根据已有研究将榆中县民间信仰归纳为山神信仰、水神信仰、天地信仰、女性信仰、英雄崇拜和祖先崇拜，祖先崇拜的祠庙数量占有重要地位；（2）榆中县祠庙主要分布在西北黄河南岸、中部陇海铁路沿线及南部风景名胜集聚区，村级层面空间差异不显著、乡镇空间差异相对较大。通过核密度分析，不同类别民间信仰空间分布热点各有不同；（3）榆中县民间信仰空间分布受到区位条件限制，民间信仰的祠庙多位于海拔高度较低、人口密度较大、交通可达性较好的地区，坡度和到水源的距离成为山神信仰和水神信仰祠庙空间分布显著的影响因子，榆中县祠庙呈现出山神信仰类祠庙“依山”，水神信仰类祠庙“傍水”的空间特点。  相似文献